<?xml version='1.0'?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" >
<channel>
	<title><![CDATA[BOL: All site blogs]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/all?offset=90</link>
	<atom:link href="https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/all?offset=90" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	
	<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43999/tools-for-differential-expression-analysis</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 08 Nov 2022 03:40:33 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43999/tools-for-differential-expression-analysis</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Tools for Differential expression analysis]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>apeglm</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/apeglm.html" target="_blank">https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/apeglm.html</a></p><p><span>ashr</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/stephens999/ashr" target="_blank">https://github.com/stephens999/ashr</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ashr/index.html" target="_blank">https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ashr/index.html</a></p><p><span>consensusDE</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/consensusDE.html" target="_blank">https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/consensusDE.html</a></p><p><span>DESeq2</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/DESeq2.html" target="_blank">https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/DESeq2.html</a></p><p><span>edgeR</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/edgeR.html" target="_blank">https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/edgeR.html</a></p><p><span>limma</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://kasperdanielhansen.github.io/genbioconductor/html/limma.html" target="_blank">https://kasperdanielhansen.github.io/genbioconductor/html/limma.html</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/limma.html" target="_blank">https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/limma.html</a></p><p><span>MetaCycle</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MetaCycle/index.html" target="_blank">https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MetaCycle/index.html</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/gangwug/MetaCycle" target="_blank">https://github.com/gangwug/MetaCycle</a></p><p><span>RUVSeq</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/RUVSeq.html" target="_blank">https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/RUVSeq.html</a></p><p><span>SARTools</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/PF2-pasteur-fr/SARTools" target="_blank">https://github.com/PF2-pasteur-fr/SARTools</a></p><p><span>tximport</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/mikelove/tximport" target="_blank">https://github.com/mikelove/tximport</a></p><p>&nbsp;</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhi</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43997/tools-for-rna-classification</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 08 Nov 2022 03:39:11 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43997/tools-for-rna-classification</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Tools for RNA classification]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>barrnap</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/tseemann/barrnap" target="_blank">https://github.com/tseemann/barrnap</a></p><p><span>CPAT</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/liguowang/cpat" target="_blank">https://github.com/liguowang/cpat</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://lilab.research.bcm.edu/" target="_blank">http://lilab.research.bcm.edu/</a>&nbsp;(web server)</p><p><span>CPC2</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/gao-lab/CPC2_standalone" target="_blank">https://github.com/gao-lab/CPC2_standalone</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://cpc2.gao-lab.org/" target="_blank">http://cpc2.gao-lab.org/</a>&nbsp;(web server)</p><p><span>Infernal</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="http://eddylab.org/infernal/" target="_blank">http://eddylab.org/infernal/</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/EddyRivasLab/infernal" target="_blank">https://github.com/EddyRivasLab/infernal</a></p><p><span>NCBI RefSeq</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/</a></p><p><span>Rfam</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="http://rfam.xfam.org/" target="_blank">http://rfam.xfam.org/</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://docs.rfam.org/en/latest/index.html" target="_blank">https://docs.rfam.org/en/latest/index.html</a></p><p><span>SILVA</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://www.arb-silva.de/" target="_blank">https://www.arb-silva.de/</a></p><p><span>RNAmmer</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/RNAmmer/" target="_blank">http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/RNAmmer/</a>&nbsp;(web server, standalone download link)</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhi</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43995/tools-for-sequence-translation</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 08 Nov 2022 03:37:58 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43995/tools-for-sequence-translation</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Tools for Sequence translation !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>BOrf</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/betsig/borf" target="_blank">https://github.com/betsig/borf</a></p><p><span>CodAn</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/pedronachtigall/CodAn" target="_blank">https://github.com/pedronachtigall/CodAn</a></p><p><span>EMBOSS-Sixpack</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/st/emboss_sixpack/" target="_blank">https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/st/emboss_sixpack/</a></p><p><span>esl-translate</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="http://hmmer.org/" target="_blank">http://hmmer.org/</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/EddyRivasLab/easel" target="_blank">https://github.com/EddyRivasLab/easel</a></p><p><span>GeneMarkS-T</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="http://exon.gatech.edu/GeneMark/license_download.cgi" target="_blank">http://exon.gatech.edu/GeneMark/license_download.cgi</a></p><p><span>ORFfinder</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder/" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/orffinder/</a>&nbsp;(web server)</p><p><span>PLASS</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/soedinglab/plass" target="_blank">https://github.com/soedinglab/plass</a></p><p><span>Prodigal</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/hyattpd/Prodigal" target="_blank">https://github.com/hyattpd/Prodigal</a></p><p><span>TransDecoder</span>&nbsp;-&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/TransDecoder/TransDecoder" target="_blank">https://github.com/TransDecoder/TransDecoder</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhi</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43983/must-read-paper-and-books-in-evolution-biology</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 05 Oct 2022 18:33:01 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43983/must-read-paper-and-books-in-evolution-biology</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Must read paper and books in evolution biology !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<pre>1.       *Nick Barton:*

- The textbook "Evolution" by Nick Barton, with resources for
  exploring the literature: Barton, N. H., Briggs, D. E. G., Eisen, J.
  A., Goldstein, D. B., &amp; Patel, N. H. (2007). Evolution. Cold Spring
  Harbor Laboratory Press.

- Papers from a course named "Classics in Evolutionary Biology":

Evolutionary Synthesis
1. Haldane, J. B. S. 1932. The causes of evolution. Longmans. New York.
   (esp. Ch. IV).
2. Fisher, R. A. 1930. The genetical theory of natural selection. Oxford
   University Press, Oxford. Selected Sections - Fundamental Theorem.

Genetic Variation
1a. Lewontin, R. C., and J. L. Hubby. 1966. A molecular approach to
the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. II. Amount
of variation and degree of heterozygosity in natural populations of
Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics. 54:595-609.

1b. Sachidandam et al. 2001. A map of human genome sequence variation
containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. 409: 928-33.

2. Wright S., Dobzhansky T., Hovanitz W. 1942 Genetics of natural
populations VII The allelism of lethals in the third chromosome of
Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 27: 363-394.

Recombination and evolution
1. Hill, W. G., and A. Robertson. 1966. The effect of linkage on limits
to artificial selection. Genet. Res. 8:269-294.

2. Maynard Smith and Haigh. 1974. The hitch-hiking effect of a favourable
gene. Genet. Res. 23: 23-35.

Understanding sequence variation
1. Begun D. J., Aquadro C. F., 1992 Levels of naturally occurring DNA
polymorphism correlate with recombination rate in Drosophila melanogaster.
Nature 356: 519-520.

2. Green R. E., Reich D., P&auml;&auml;bo S., 2010 A draft sequence of the
Neandertal genome. Science 328: 710-722.

Quantitative Genetics:  variation in complex traits
1. Galton F., 1877 Typical laws of heredity. Nature 15: 492-495-
512-514- 532-533.

2. Turelli M., 1984 Heritable genetic variation via
mutation-selection balance: Lerch's Zeta meets the abdominal
bristle. Theor. Popul. Biol. 25: 138-193.

Quantitative Genetics:  finding the genes
1. Shrimpton A. E., Robertson A., 1988 The Isolation of polygenic factors
controlling bristle score in Drosophila melanogaster II Distribution of
third chromosome bristle effects within chromosome sections. Genetics
118: 445-459.

2. Boyle E. A., Li Y. I., Pritchard J. K., 2017 An expanded view of
complex traits: from polygenic to omnigenic. Cell 169: 1177-1186.

Neutral Evolution
1. Kimura, M. 1968. Evolutionary rate at the molecular level. Science.
217:624-626.

2a. Kern A. D., Hahn M. W., 2018 The Neutral Theory in Light of Natural
Selection. Molecular Biology and Evolution 110: 21077-6.

2b. Jensen J. D., Payseur B. A., Stephan W., Aquadro C. F., Lynch M.,
Charlesworth D., Charlesworth B., 2018 The importance of the Neutral Theory
in 1968 and 50 years on: a response to Kern and Hahn 2018. Evolution 112:
2109-4.

2c. Ellegren &amp; Galtier. 2016. Determinants of genetic diversity. Nature
Reviews Genetics.

Mutation and Genetic Variability
1. Luria, S. E., and M. Delbr&uuml;ck. 1943. Mutations of Bacteria from Virus
Sensitivity to Virus Resistance. Genetics. 28(6):491-511.

2. Hill, W G. 1982. "Rates of Change in Quantitative Traits From Fixation
of New Mutations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.)
79: 142-45.

Testing for selection
1. McDonald &amp; Kreitman. 1991. Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus
in Drosophila. Nature.

2. Begun, et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16, 1816-1819 (1999).

3. Siddiq et al. 2016. Experimental test and refutation of a classic case
of molecular adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster.  Nature Ecology &amp;
Evolution.

The shifting balance
1. Wright, S. 1932. The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding and
selection in evolution. Proceedings of the VI International Congress of
Genetics: 1. pp 356-366.

2. Coyne, J.A., N.H. Barton, and M. Turelli. 1997. A critique of Wright's
shifting balance theory of evolution.  Evolution 51: 643-671.

3. Barton. 2016. Sewall Wright on Evolution in Mendelian Populations and
the "Shifting Balance". Genetics.

Evolution of Sex
1.  Muller, H.J. 1964. The relation of recombination to mutational advance.
Mutation Res. 1(1):2-9

2. McDonald et al. 2016. Sex speeds adaptation by altering the dynamics of
molecular evolution. Nature.

Kin Selection, Cooperation, and Conflict
1. Hamilton, W. D. 1964. The genetical evolution of social behaviour I.
Journal of Theoretical Biology. 7:1-52.

2. Trivers, R. L. 1974 Parent-offspring conflict. American Zoologist.
14(1):249-264.

Sexual Selection
1. Zahavi, A. 1975. Mate selection - a selection of a handicap. J. Theor.
Biol. 53:205-214.

2. Kirkpatrick, M., and Ryan, M.J. 1991. The evolution of mating
preferences and the paradox of the lek. Nature. 350:33-38.

Fitness Landscapes
1. Dean, A. 1995. A Molecular Investigation of Genotype by Environment
Interactions. Genetics. 139:19-33.

2. Costanzo et al. 2010. The Genetic Landscape of a Cell. Science.

Speciation
1. Coyne, J. A., and H. A. Orr. 1989. Patterns of speciation in Drosophila.
Evolution. 43:362-381.

2. Corbett-Detig et al. 2013. Genetic incompatibilities are widespread
within species. Nature.

2.       *Marcos Antezana:*

Valen, L. v. 1975. Energy and Evolution. University of Chicago, Department
of Biology.

3.       *Remco Folkertsma:*

1. The work by Hopi Hoekstra on local adaptation and oldfield mice

2. Poelstra, J. W., Vijay, N., Bossu, C. M., Lantz, H., Ryll, B., M&uuml;ller,
I., ... &amp; Wolf, J. B. (2014). The genomic landscape underlying phenotypic
integrity in the face of gene flow in crows. Science, 344(6190), 1410-1414.

4.       *Joshka Kaufmann and Leslie Turner*

They offer us a link to 'papers every evolutionary biologist should read',
the papers are collected by Leslie Turner.
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/53e8cb7ce4b02c4bc3aeeee4/t/5ab8fcb670a6ad55c67fcdf4/1522072758665/EvoBioClassicsRefList.pdf

5.       *Sarah Stockwell*

Matt Ridley collected classic papers in evolutionary biology and printed
part of these papers in his book Evolution (see Matt Ridley. Evolution
(Univ. of Oxford Press, 2nd edition, 2004))</pre>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhi</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43980/useful-link-to-teach-evolution</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 05 Oct 2022 18:29:30 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43980/useful-link-to-teach-evolution</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Useful link to teach evolution !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<pre>Mimicry and other resources
Mimicry games:
Great Heliconius game:
http://heliconius.org/evolving_butterflies/
(See also 
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2020.0014)
Other one, a bit less friendly:
https://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/Mimicry
Camouflage practical
https://alexis-catherine.github.io/publication/natural-selection-and-camouflage/
(NetLogo also has one: 
https://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/BugHuntCamouflage)
Peppered moth game:
https://askabiologist.asu.edu/peppered-moths-game/play.html

General resources
The always popular Populus:
https://cbs.umn.edu/populus/overview
Drift &amp; Gene Flow 
https://cartwrig.ht/apps/genie/
(Cock van Oosterhout has a great ppt to lead students through this)
See also https://cartwrig.ht/apps/redlynx/
https://demonstrations.wolfram.com/ReplicatorMutatorDynamicsWithThreeStrategies/
NetLogo:
http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/index.cgi
Population Genetics:
https://www.radford.edu/~rsheehy/Gen_flash/popgen/
Evolution in general
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php
Mitochondrial Eve:
https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/gn/ex/mit-eve.html
Y chromosomes:
https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/gn/ex/y-chrom.html
A professional online package from Michael Kasumovic:
https://arludo.com/
a compilation of resources:
https://planted.botany.org/index.php?P=Home
Finally, Donald Forsdyke has some great on-line videos explaining
evolutionary principles (occasionally in a fake Scottish accent):
http://post.queensu.ca/~forsdyke/videolectures.htm</pre>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhi</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43940/langya-virus-update</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 12 Aug 2022 05:31:10 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43940/langya-virus-update</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Langya Virus Update !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OM101125,OM101126,OM101127,OM101128,OM101129,OM101130?</p><p>Zoonotic Henipavirus</p><p>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35921459/</p><p>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OM069646,,OM069567,OM069568,OM069569,OM069570,OM069571,OM069572,OM069573,OM069574,OM069575,OM069576,OM069577,OM069578,OM069579,OM069580,OM069581,OM069582,OM069583,OM069584,OM069585,OM069586,OM069587,OM069588,OM069589,OM069590,OM069591,OM069592,OM069593,OM069594,OM069595,OM069596,OM069597,OM069598,OM069599,OM069600,OM069601,OM069602,OM069603,OM069604,OM069605,OM069606,OM069607,OM069608,OM069609,OM069610,OM069611,OM069612,OM069613,OM069614,OM069615,OM069616,OM069617,OM069618,OM069619,OM069620,OM069621,OM069622,OM069623,OM069624,OM069625,OM069626,OM069627,OM069628,OM069629,OM069630,OM069631,OM069632,OM069633,OM069634,OM069635,OM069636,OM069637,OM069638,OM069639,OM069640,OM069641,OM069642,OM069643,OM069644,OM069645,OM069646</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43916/understanding-dump-files-from-ncbi-taxonomy-database</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 15 Jul 2022 04:29:05 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43916/understanding-dump-files-from-ncbi-taxonomy-database</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Understanding DUMP files from NCBI Taxonomy database !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>*.dmp files are bcp-like dump from GenBank taxonomy database</p><p>General information.</p><p>Field terminator is "\t|\t"</p><p>Row terminator is "\t|\n"</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>nodes.dmp file consists of taxonomy nodes. The description for each node includes the following</p><p>fields:</p><p>tax_id -- node id in GenBank taxonomy database</p><p>&nbsp; parent tax_id -- parent node id in GenBank taxonomy database</p><p>&nbsp; rank -- rank of this node (superkingdom, kingdom, ...)&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp; embl code -- locus-name prefix; not unique</p><p>&nbsp; division id -- see division.dmp file</p><p>&nbsp; inherited div flag&nbsp; (1 or 0) -- 1 if node inherits division from parent</p><p>&nbsp; genetic code id -- see gencode.dmp file</p><p>&nbsp; inherited GC&nbsp; flag&nbsp; (1 or 0) -- 1 if node inherits genetic code from parent</p><p>&nbsp; mitochondrial genetic code id -- see gencode.dmp file</p><p>&nbsp; inherited MGC flag&nbsp; (1 or 0) -- 1 if node inherits mitochondrial gencode from parent</p><p>&nbsp; GenBank hidden flag (1 or 0)&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -- 1 if name is suppressed in GenBank entry lineage</p><p>&nbsp; hidden subtree root flag (1 or 0) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -- 1 if this subtree has no sequence data yet</p><p>&nbsp; comments -- free-text comments and citations</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Taxonomy names file (names.dmp):</p><p>tax_id -- the id of node associated with this name</p><p>name_txt -- name itself</p><p>unique name -- the unique variant of this name if name not unique</p><p>name class -- (synonym, common name, ...)</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Divisions file (division.dmp):</p><p>division id -- taxonomy database division id</p><p>division cde -- GenBank division code (three characters)</p><p>division name -- e.g. BCT, PLN, VRT, MAM, PRI...</p><p>comments</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Genetic codes file (gencode.dmp):</p><p>genetic code id -- GenBank genetic code id</p><p>abbreviation -- genetic code name abbreviation</p><p>name -- genetic code name</p><p>cde -- translation table for this genetic code</p><p>starts -- start codons for this genetic code</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Deleted nodes file (delnodes.dmp):</p><p>tax_id -- deleted node id</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Merged nodes file (merged.dmp):</p><p>old_tax_id&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -- id of nodes which has been merged</p><p>new_tax_id&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -- id of nodes which is result of merging</p><p>Citations file (citations.dmp):</p><p>cit_id -- the unique id of citation</p><p>cit_key -- citation key</p><p>pubmed_id -- unique id in PubMed database (0 if not in PubMed)</p><p>medline_id -- unique id in MedLine database (0 if not in MedLine)</p><p>url -- URL associated with citation</p><p>text -- any text (usually article name and authors).</p><p>-- The following characters are escaped in this text by a backslash:</p><p>-- newline (appear as "\n"),</p><p>-- tab character ("\t"),</p><p>-- double quotes ('\"'),</p><p>-- backslash character ("\\").</p><p>taxid_list -- list of node ids separated by a single space</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Shruti Paniwala</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43911/slurm-commands</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 06 Jul 2022 07:40:07 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43911/slurm-commands</link>
	<title><![CDATA[SLURM Commands]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<h3>SLURM commands</h3><p>The following table shows SLURM commands on the SOE cluster.</p><table border="1">
<thead>
<tr><th>Command</th><th>Description</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>sbatch</strong></td>
<td>Submit batch scripts to the cluster</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>scancel</strong></td>
<td>Signal jobs or job steps that are under the control of Slurm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>sinfo</strong></td>
<td>View information about SLURM nodes and partitions.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>squeue</strong></td>
<td>View information about jobs located in the SLURM scheduling queue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>smap</strong></td>
<td>Graphically view information about SLURM jobs, partitions, and set configurations parameters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>sqlog</strong></td>
<td>View information about running and finished jobs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>sacct</strong></td>
<td>View resource accounting information for finished and running jobs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>sstat</strong></td>
<td>View resource accounting information for running jobs</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table><p><span>For more information, run&nbsp;</span><strong>man</strong><span>&nbsp;on the commands above. See some examples below.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>1. Info about the partitions and nodes</strong></span><span></span><br /><span>List all the partitions available to you and the nodes therein:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sinfo
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>Nodes in state&nbsp;</span><tt>idle</tt><span>&nbsp;can accept new jobs.</span><br /><br /><span>Show a partition configuratuin, for example,&nbsp;</span><tt>SOE_main</tt><span></span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>scontrol show partition=SOE_main
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>Show current info about a specific node:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>scontrol show node=&lt;nodename&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>You can also specify a group of nodes in the command above. For example, if your MPI job is running across soenode05,06,35,36, you can execute the command below to get the info on the nodes you are interested in:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>scontrol show node=soenode[05-06,35-36]
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>An informative parameter in the output to look at would be CPULoad. It allows you to see how your application utilizes the CPUs on the running nodes.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>2. Submit scripts</strong></span><span></span><br /><span>The header in a submit script specifies job name, partition (queue), time limit, memory allocation, number of nodes, number of cores, and files to collect standard output and error at run time, for example</span></p><div><table border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>#!/bin/bash

#SBATCH --job-name=OMP_run     # job name, "OMP_run"
#SBATCH --partition=SOE_main   # partition (queue)
#SBATCH -t 0-2:00              # time limit: (D-HH:MM) 
#SBATCH --mem=32000            # memory per node in MB 
#SBATCH --nodes=1              # number of nodes
#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=16   # number of cores
#SBATCH --output=slurm.out     # file to collect standard output
#SBATCH --error=slurm.err      # file to collect standard errors
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>If the time limit is not specified in the submit script, SLURM will assign the default run time, 3 days. This means the job will be terminated by SLURM in 72 hrs. The maximum allowed run time is two weeks,&nbsp;</span><tt>14-0:00</tt><span>.</span><br /><span>If the memory limit is not requested, SLURM will assign the default 16 GB. The maximum allowed memory per node is 128 GB. To see how much RAM per node your job is using, you can run commands&nbsp;</span><tt>sacct</tt><span>&nbsp;or&nbsp;</span><tt>sstat</tt><span>&nbsp;to query MaxRSS for the job on the node - see examples below.</span><br /><span>Depending on a type of application you need to run, the submit script may contain commands to create a temporary space on a computational node -&nbsp;</span><a href="http://ecs.rutgers.edu/file_systems.html">see the discussion about using the file systems on the cluster.</a><span></span><br /><span>Then it sets the environment specific to the application and starts the application on one or multiple nodes - see sbatch sample scripts in directory&nbsp;</span><tt>/usr/local/Samples</tt><span>&nbsp;on soemaster1.hpc.rutgers.edu.</span><br /><span>You can submit your job to the cluster with&nbsp;</span><tt>sbatch</tt><span>&nbsp;command:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sbatch myscript.sh
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>3. Query job information</strong></span><span></span><br /><span>List all currently submitted jobs in running and pending states for a user:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>squeue -u &lt;username&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>Command&nbsp;</span><tt>squeue</tt><span>&nbsp;can be run with format options to expose specific information, for example, when pending job #706 is scheduled to start running:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>squeue -j 706 --format="%S"
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><div><table border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>START_TIME
2015-04-30T09:54:32
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>More info can be shown by placing additional format options, for example:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>squeue -j 706 --format="%i %P %j %u %T %l %C %S"
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><div><table border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>JOBID PARTITION   NAME    USER STATE   TIMELIMIT  CPUS START_TIME
706   SOE_main  Par_job_3 mike PENDING 3-00:00:00 64   2015-04-30T09:54:32
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>To see when all the jobs, pending in the queue, are scheduled to start:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>squeue --start 
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><br /><span>List all running and completed jobs for a user</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sqlog -u &lt;username&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>or</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sqlog -j &lt;JobID&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>The following appreviations are used for the job states:</span></p><pre>       CA   CANCELLED      Job was cancelled.

       CD   COMPLETED      Job completed normally.

       CG   COMPLETING     Job is in the process of completing.

       F    FAILED         Job termined abnormally.

       NF   NODE_FAIL      Job terminated due to node failure.

       PD   PENDING        Job is pending allocation.

       R    RUNNING        Job currently has an allocation.

       S    SUSPENDED      Job is suspended.

       TO   TIMEOUT        Job terminated upon reaching its time limit.
</pre><p><span>You can specify the fields you would like to see in the output of&nbsp;</span><tt>sqlog</tt><span>:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sqlog --format=list
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>The command below, for example, provides Job ID, user name, exit state, start date-time, and end date-time for job #2831:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sqlog -j 2831 --format=jid,user,state,start,end
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>List status info for a currently running job:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sstat -j &lt;jobid&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>A formatted output can be used to gain only a specific info, for example, the maximum resident RAM usage on a node:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sstat --format="JobID,MaxRSS" -j &lt;jobid&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>To get statistics on completed jobs by jobID:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sacct --format="JobID,JobName,MaxRSS,Elapsed" -j &lt;jobid&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>To view the same information for all jobs of a user:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sacct --format="JobID,JobName,MaxRSS,Elapsed" -u &lt;username&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>To print a list of fields that can be specified with the&nbsp;</span><tt>--format</tt><span>&nbsp;option:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sacct --helpformat
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>For example, to get Job ID, Job name, Exit state, start date-time, and end date-time for job #2831:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sacct -j 2831 --format="JobID,JobName,State,Start,End"
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>Another useful command to gain information about a running job is&nbsp;</span><tt>scontrol</tt><span>:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>scontrol show job=&lt;jobid&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>4. Cancel a job</strong></span><span></span><br /><span>To cancel one job:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>scancel &lt;jobid&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>To cancel one job and delete the TMP directory created by the submit script on a node:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sdel &lt;jobid&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>To cancel all the jobs for a user:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>scancel -u &lt;username&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>To cancel one or more jobs by name:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>scancel --name &lt;myJobName&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Shruti Paniwala</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43900/finding-a-mimicry-game-for-teaching-on-line-and-mentioned-general-resources</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 28 Jun 2022 07:32:05 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43900/finding-a-mimicry-game-for-teaching-on-line-and-mentioned-general-resources</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Finding a mimicry game for teaching on-line and mentioned general resources]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<pre>Mimicry and other resources
Mimicry games:
Great Heliconius game:
http://heliconius.org/evolving_butterflies/
(See also 
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2020.0014)
Other one, a bit less friendly:
https://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/Mimicry
Camouflage practical
https://alexis-catherine.github.io/publication/natural-selection-and-camouflage/
(NetLogo also has one: 
https://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/BugHuntCamouflage)
Peppered moth game:
https://askabiologist.asu.edu/peppered-moths-game/play.html

General resources
The always popular Populus:
https://cbs.umn.edu/populus/overview
Drift &amp; Gene Flow 
https://cartwrig.ht/apps/genie/
(Cock van Oosterhout has a great ppt to lead students through this)
See also https://cartwrig.ht/apps/redlynx/
https://demonstrations.wolfram.com/ReplicatorMutatorDynamicsWithThreeStrategies/
NetLogo:
http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/index.cgi
Population Genetics:
https://www.radford.edu/~rsheehy/Gen_flash/popgen/
Evolution in general
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php
Mitochondrial Eve:
https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/gn/ex/mit-eve.html
Y chromosomes:
https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/gn/ex/y-chrom.html
A professional online package from Michael Kasumovic:
https://arludo.com/
a compilation of resources:
https://planted.botany.org/index.php?P=Home
Finally, Donald Forsdyke has some great on-line videos explaining
evolutionary principles (occasionally in a fake Scottish accent):
http://post.queensu.ca/~forsdyke/videolectures.htm
</pre><p>&nbsp;</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Shruti Paniwala</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43898/online-resources-on-must-read-papers-in-evolutionary-biology-for-a-literature-club</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 28 Jun 2022 07:29:08 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43898/online-resources-on-must-read-papers-in-evolutionary-biology-for-a-literature-club</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Online resources on must-read papers in evolutionary biology, for a literature club]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<pre>1.       *Nick Barton:*

- The textbook "Evolution" by Nick Barton, with resources for
  exploring the literature: Barton, N. H., Briggs, D. E. G., Eisen, J.
  A., Goldstein, D. B., &amp; Patel, N. H. (2007). Evolution. Cold Spring
  Harbor Laboratory Press.

- Papers from a course named "Classics in Evolutionary Biology":

Evolutionary Synthesis
1. Haldane, J. B. S. 1932. The causes of evolution. Longmans. New York.
   (esp. Ch. IV).
2. Fisher, R. A. 1930. The genetical theory of natural selection. Oxford
   University Press, Oxford. Selected Sections - Fundamental Theorem.

Genetic Variation
1a. Lewontin, R. C., and J. L. Hubby. 1966. A molecular approach to
the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. II. Amount
of variation and degree of heterozygosity in natural populations of
Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics. 54:595-609.

1b. Sachidandam et al. 2001. A map of human genome sequence variation
containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. 409: 928-33.

2. Wright S., Dobzhansky T., Hovanitz W. 1942 Genetics of natural
populations VII The allelism of lethals in the third chromosome of
Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 27: 363-394.

Recombination and evolution
1. Hill, W. G., and A. Robertson. 1966. The effect of linkage on limits
to artificial selection. Genet. Res. 8:269-294.

2. Maynard Smith and Haigh. 1974. The hitch-hiking effect of a favourable
gene. Genet. Res. 23: 23-35.

Understanding sequence variation
1. Begun D. J., Aquadro C. F., 1992 Levels of naturally occurring DNA
polymorphism correlate with recombination rate in Drosophila melanogaster.
Nature 356: 519-520.

2. Green R. E., Reich D., P&auml;&auml;bo S., 2010 A draft sequence of the
Neandertal genome. Science 328: 710-722.

Quantitative Genetics:  variation in complex traits
1. Galton F., 1877 Typical laws of heredity. Nature 15: 492-495-
512-514- 532-533.

2. Turelli M., 1984 Heritable genetic variation via
mutation-selection balance: Lerch's Zeta meets the abdominal
bristle. Theor. Popul. Biol. 25: 138-193.

Quantitative Genetics:  finding the genes
1. Shrimpton A. E., Robertson A., 1988 The Isolation of polygenic factors
controlling bristle score in Drosophila melanogaster II Distribution of
third chromosome bristle effects within chromosome sections. Genetics
118: 445-459.

2. Boyle E. A., Li Y. I., Pritchard J. K., 2017 An expanded view of
complex traits: from polygenic to omnigenic. Cell 169: 1177-1186.

Neutral Evolution
1. Kimura, M. 1968. Evolutionary rate at the molecular level. Science.
217:624-626.

2a. Kern A. D., Hahn M. W., 2018 The Neutral Theory in Light of Natural
Selection. Molecular Biology and Evolution 110: 21077-6.

2b. Jensen J. D., Payseur B. A., Stephan W., Aquadro C. F., Lynch M.,
Charlesworth D., Charlesworth B., 2018 The importance of the Neutral Theory
in 1968 and 50 years on: a response to Kern and Hahn 2018. Evolution 112:
2109-4.

2c. Ellegren &amp; Galtier. 2016. Determinants of genetic diversity. Nature
Reviews Genetics.

Mutation and Genetic Variability
1. Luria, S. E., and M. Delbr&uuml;ck. 1943. Mutations of Bacteria from Virus
Sensitivity to Virus Resistance. Genetics. 28(6):491-511.

2. Hill, W G. 1982. "Rates of Change in Quantitative Traits From Fixation
of New Mutations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.)
79: 142-45.

Testing for selection
1. McDonald &amp; Kreitman. 1991. Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus
in Drosophila. Nature.

2. Begun, et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16, 1816-1819 (1999).

3. Siddiq et al. 2016. Experimental test and refutation of a classic case
of molecular adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster.  Nature Ecology &amp;
Evolution.

The shifting balance
1. Wright, S. 1932. The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding and
selection in evolution. Proceedings of the VI International Congress of
Genetics: 1. pp 356-366.

2. Coyne, J.A., N.H. Barton, and M. Turelli. 1997. A critique of Wright's
shifting balance theory of evolution.  Evolution 51: 643-671.

3. Barton. 2016. Sewall Wright on Evolution in Mendelian Populations and
the "Shifting Balance". Genetics.

Evolution of Sex
1.  Muller, H.J. 1964. The relation of recombination to mutational advance.
Mutation Res. 1(1):2-9

2. McDonald et al. 2016. Sex speeds adaptation by altering the dynamics of
molecular evolution. Nature.

Kin Selection, Cooperation, and Conflict
1. Hamilton, W. D. 1964. The genetical evolution of social behaviour I.
Journal of Theoretical Biology. 7:1-52.

2. Trivers, R. L. 1974 Parent-offspring conflict. American Zoologist.
14(1):249-264.

Sexual Selection
1. Zahavi, A. 1975. Mate selection - a selection of a handicap. J. Theor.
Biol. 53:205-214.

2. Kirkpatrick, M., and Ryan, M.J. 1991. The evolution of mating
preferences and the paradox of the lek. Nature. 350:33-38.

Fitness Landscapes
1. Dean, A. 1995. A Molecular Investigation of Genotype by Environment
Interactions. Genetics. 139:19-33.

2. Costanzo et al. 2010. The Genetic Landscape of a Cell. Science.

Speciation
1. Coyne, J. A., and H. A. Orr. 1989. Patterns of speciation in Drosophila.
Evolution. 43:362-381.

2. Corbett-Detig et al. 2013. Genetic incompatibilities are widespread
within species. Nature.

2.       *Marcos Antezana:*

Valen, L. v. 1975. Energy and Evolution. University of Chicago, Department
of Biology.

3.       *Remco Folkertsma:*

1. The work by Hopi Hoekstra on local adaptation and oldfield mice

2. Poelstra, J. W., Vijay, N., Bossu, C. M., Lantz, H., Ryll, B., M&uuml;ller,
I., ... &amp; Wolf, J. B. (2014). The genomic landscape underlying phenotypic
integrity in the face of gene flow in crows. Science, 344(6190), 1410-1414.

4.       *Joshka Kaufmann and Leslie Turner*

They offer us a link to 'papers every evolutionary biologist should read',
the papers are collected by Leslie Turner.
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/53e8cb7ce4b02c4bc3aeeee4/t/5ab8fcb670a6ad55c67fcdf4/1522072758665/EvoBioClassicsRefList.pdf

5.       *Sarah Stockwell*

Matt Ridley collected classic papers in evolutionary biology and printed
part of these papers in his book Evolution (see Matt Ridley. Evolution
(Univ. of Oxford Press, 2nd edition, 2004))</pre>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Shruti Paniwala</dc:creator>
</item>

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