More at https://bioinformaticsonline.com/snippets/view/42919/perl-ipcopen2-module

2. exec””

 syntax: exec "command";

3. Backticks “ or qx//

syntax: `command`;

syntax: qx/command/;

4. IPC::Open3

syntax: $output = open3(\*CHLD_IN, \*CHLD_OUT, \*CHLD_ERR, 'command arg1 arg2', 'optarg',...);

It is very similar to IPC::Open2 with the capability to capture all three file handles of the process, i.e., STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR. It can also be used with or without the shell. You can read about it more in the documentation: IPC::Open3.

$output = open3(my $o ut, my $in, 'command arg1 arg2');

OR without using the shell

$output = open3(my $out, my $in, 'command', 'arg1', 'arg2');

5.a2p

syntax: a2p [options] [awkscript]

There is a Perl utility known as a2p which translates awk command to Perl. It takes awk script as input and generates a comparable Perl script as the output. Suppose, you want to execute the following awk statement

awk '{$1 = ""; $2 = ""; print}' f1.txt

This statement gives error sometimes even after escaping the variables (\$1, \$2) but by using a2p it can be easily converted to Perl script:

For further information, you can read it’s documentation: a2p

More help at https://bioinformaticsonline.com/snippets/view/42920/perl-script-to-run-awk-inside-perl

6. system()

syntax: system( "command" );

It is also a Perl function (perlfunc) that executes a command and waits for it to get finished first and then resume the Perl script. The return value is the exit status of the command. It can be called in two ways:

system( "command arg1 arg2" );

OR

system( "command", "arg1", "arg2" );

HELP

Here are some useful Perl cheat sheets that can be used as a quick reference guide.-- https://www.pcwdld.com/perl-cheat-sheet

Stay at home if you have coronavirus symptoms

Stay at home if you have either:

• a high temperature – you feel hot to touch on your chest or back
• a new, continuous cough – this means you've started coughing repeatedly

DO NOT TAKE

Ibrufen

https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/14/anti-inflammatory-drugs-may-aggravate-coronavirus-infection

How to avoid catching and spreading coronavirus (social distancing)

Everyone should do what they can to stop coronavirus spreading.

It is particularly important for people who:

• are 70 or over
• have a long-term condition
• are pregnant
• have a weakened immune system

Below are the 52 Coronavirus COVID-19 Testing sites/locations in India.

State: Andhra Pradesh       

1. Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati
2. Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
3. GMC, Anantapur, AP

State: Andaman & Nicobar islands

1. Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman, and Nicobar

State: Assam

1. Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati
2.  Regional Medical Research Center, Dibrugarh

State: Bihar

1. Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna

State: Chandigarh

1. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh

State: Chhattisgarh

1. All India Institute Medical Sciences, Raipur

Union Territory: Delhi-NCT 

1. All India Institute Medical Sciences, Delhi
2. National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi

State: Gujarat

1. BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad
2. M.P.Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar

State: Haryana

1. Pt. B.D. Sharma Post Graduate Inst. of Med. Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana
2. BPS Govt Medical College, Sonipat

State: Himachal Pradesh

1. Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
2. Dr.Rajendra Prasad Govt. Med. College, Kangra, Tanda, HP

Union Territory: Jammu and Kashmir

1. Sher‐e‐ Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar
2. Government Medical College, Jammu

State: Jharkhand

1. MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur

State: Karnataka

1. Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore
2. National Institute of Virology Field Unit Bangalore
3. Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysore
4. Hassan Inst. of Med. Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka
5. Shimoga Inst. of Med. Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka

State: Kerala

1. National Institute of Virology Field Unit, Kerala
2. Govt. Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
3. Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala

State: Madhya Pradesh

1. All India Institute Medical Sciences, Bhopal
2. National Institute of Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), Jabalpur

State: Meghalaya

1. NEIGRI of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya

State: Maharashtra

1. Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur
2. Kasturba Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Mumbai

State: Manipur

1. J N Inst. of Med. Sciences Hospital, Imphal‐East, Manipur

State: Odisha

1. Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar

Union Territory: Puducherry

1. Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry

State: Punjab

1. Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab
2. Government Medical College, Amritsar

State: Rajasthan

1. Sawai Man Singh, Jaipur
2. Dr. S.N Medical College, Jodhpur
3. Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan
4. SP Med. College, Bikaner, Rajasthan

State: Tamil Nadu

1. King’s Institute of Preventive Medicine & Research, Chennai
2. Government Medical College, Theni

State: Tripura

1. Government Medical College, Agartala

State: Telangana

1. Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad

State: Uttar Pradesh

1. King’s George Medical University, Lucknow
2. Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras, Hindu University, Varanasi
3. Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh

State: Uttarakhand

1. Government Medical College, Haldwani

State: West Bengal

1. National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata
2. IPGMER, Kolkata

Perform secondary structure predictions on protein sequences.

Usually when you apply anywhere you need to fulfill some specific kind of requirements which usually include writing a formal application, letter of motivation, research proposal etc. Usually it is hard for grad students to write a crisp, clean and clear letter of motivation. To be honest, you may find several posts on the internet which do tell you how to write professionally. They are good enough to clearly tell you what points should be included, what not and many other things to learn about professional writing. Still, when I look back at my graduation days, I know even after reading many instructions I was not able to write ‘to-the-point’. According to me , writing skill is not something that you can part in binary like- ‘I write perfectly’ or ‘I can not write even a word’. It is something that you learn and get better with the the time. So, I am not going to pin-point the suggestions because you can get it many where but some ‘to-the-point’ things which you may use directly in your letter.

Ideas and main points

Start with writing down some of the main ideas, important points you would like to approach in your letter and later build around them, enrich their content; an example would be :

1. Make your goal clear; provide a short preview of the rest of the letter;
2. Why do you think that the university and the Master's program are interesting and suitable for you? ;
3. Focus on some of your strongest qualifications, past experiences (international experiences are always relevant) and qualities; organise the middle paragraphs in terms of the qualifications most relevant to the programme, you can also refer to your CV for more details;
4. Conclude by restating your interest and show appreciation for the chance to prove yourself in the letter (in some cases you can ask for a personal interview)

How to start-
Your very first line should not be just a line but an impression and reference. None would want to read you unless he knows what it is about. Just like this post. If I would not have written that it is about writing a motivation-letter, you probably would not get annoyed. So start by writing what your letter is about. It could seem like this-

Letter Of Application

Your Address And Contact Details

Receiver’s Address

Dear XYZ

I would like to apply for the…..

or

I am writing here to apply for the…

or

This is regarding your advert. published….

Then Tell Background like-
As my resume reveals, I have Bachelor`s degree from XYZ University and currently, I am…..

Be sure to signify your institution/University like-
I am privileged to obtain my postgraduate education in Bioinformatics at XXX which is known for its enriching academic ambiance where learning and research complement each other.

Then tell about your professional experience like-
Being taught by eminent faculty, I have developed a big interest and passion towards Bioinformatics and managed to have a strong foundation in ……

After that tell how this position would help you, like-
The opportunity to participate in this study would foster….

Assure them that you will make use of whatever you learn there, like-
I plan to ensure the further dissemination of the knowledge and experience gained by this opportunity in…

Close the letter with usual formality, like-
I, hereby enclose a copy of my CV/Resume (whatever it is, there is a difference we all know it) with the hope of consideration. Looking forward to hearing from you.

All the things written above is just my view. You still should see and learn which can be done by one thing and that is -reading about it. Then , please try to write yourself, do not copy /paste. Whatever is written in the post is just to have an idea about the things that should be included in the letter of motivation. You need to write accordingly with a wise choice of words.
Hope this was helpful. You may comment or ask anything if you want to.

Ramalingaswamy Re-entry Fellowship
Welcoming Indian scientists working abroad back to our institutions..

TATA Innovation Fellowships
Promotes innovations towards path-breaking solutions for major challenges..

TWAS fellowships
For doctorate & post-doctorate students from developing countries at Indian institutions..

Cutting-Edge Research Enhancement and Scientific Training (CREST) Award
Granted to biotech researchers for advanced scientific training abroad..

Wellcome Trust/DBT India Alliance
Building excellence among Indian bio-medical scientists by supporting future leaders..

More at http://www.dbtindia.nic.in/funding-mechanism/fellowships-for-scientists/

Starting with your current or most recent employment provide details of your position as follows:

• A chronological CV should be arranged in reverse chronological order. It should be apparent immediately where you are now.
• Remember that an application form is limited to the few things that a particular institution wants to know about everybody. A CV lets you give information that is unique to you. Add all your key accomplishments and activities in the initial draft. In subsequent drafts, you can remove information that may not be pertinent.
• Resist the temptation to append explanatory sentences or language, which will distract the reader from the basic information being presented. The language of a CV is abbreviated and succinct. When applying for residency training, you will have the opportunity to express yourself in a personal or biographical statement. In the future, when applying for a job or some other type of position, you will want to include an appropriate cover letter with your CV to explain your particular qualifications and strengths for the position.
• Don’t despair if your CV doesn’t resemble those of other students who are applying to the same residency program. Everybody’s CV is different. Even if everyone used the same format suggested in this section, your CV will not resemble others’ because it doesn’t have the same content. No residency program director is looking for a specific CV style. You will receive points for neatness, and readability.
• Be honest. If you haven’t accomplished anything in a particular category, leave it out. Don’t create accomplishments to fill in the spaces. You can be specific about your level of participation in a project or activity, but don’t be misleading (i.e., you can say you coordinated membership recruitment for your AMSA chapter, but don’t say you were “president” unless you were).

• Job title - time that you have held this position
• The key tasks and responsibilities that comprise this role's requirements - notable achievements whilst in the role
• Where possible quantify your achievements with precise facts and figures, e.g. managed junior staff, handled department budget, prepared management reports
• Expand on the skills you are using in your current job which you believe will be valuable in the position(s) for which you are applying

It is not necessary to state the reason you are leaving your current position. This will be a topic for conversation when you are invited for interview or can be covered in your letter of application.
For all previous employment, unless one appointment was more significant than your current or last position, keep details brief i.e. the name of the company, job title, period of employment and the job.
Be sure there are no gaps in your career history - unless for example you took a year out to travel, in which case make reference to this under Interests/Hobbies.
If you are a student just starting work, give any evidence you can to demonstrate your practical skills e.g. school prefect, event organisation, member of sports team, contributor to college magazine or voluntary work.

You are under no obligation to disclose marital status, age or whether or not you have children unless these are specific criteria for selection for a position that you are interested in.
Consider what examples (interests/ hobbies) you can give to show that you match the selection criteria.

If they want someone to work as part of a large team, remember to say if you belong to a local organisation or if you are part of a sports team.

If they want someone who will work on their own for large periods of time, make reference to an Open University course you are considering undertaking.

Your primary objective is to convince the prospective employer that you have the requisite skills, experience and hunger to do the job.

Your CV should be no more than two A4 pages and as every employer is different remember to customise your CV to every job you go after.

There are abundant books on the contents and presentation of a general CV. A BMJ article published in 1978, offering doctors guidance on how to prepare a CV, has been reprinted in the widely read How to do it series.1 2 A survey among postgraduate deans and training advisers at regional colleges found that the contents and presentation of a model CV for doctors in training has been published.3 It is perhaps surprising to note that these models differ significantly from one another. Although they may be useful as starting points, their differences tend to create confusion and anxiety among students. I would argue that these differences exist because the content and presentation of the "ideal" CV vary considerably among individual applicants, the stage of their careers, and the purposes for which the CV is used. It is impossible to create a generic CV. I have therefore not attempted to draw up another model CV. Rather, the purpose of this article is to outline the general principles and important practical points in preparing a good CV. General principles on contents Before finalising your CV for a particular purpose you must be sure of your objectives, whether it is used as an initial screening or the only selection instrument, and the criteria against which it is judged. What details, and how many of them, to include in your CV depends on these factors. I shall illustrate with examples relevant to medical students. 

(1) Job application Your objective is to get the job. In a job application, the CV is used for two purposes: as an initial screening instrument for shortlisting candidates and as a framework for discussion during the interview. The explicit criteria used for shortlisting are usually given in the job advertisement. For some organisations, separate lists of essential and desirable criteria are given. Alternatively, you can get a good idea of the basic requirements from the job description. Your CV must clearly highlight these criteria, preferably on the first page. These usually include: formal qualifications; registration with the General Medical Council; and the prescribed experience. It is sometimes easy to forget to mention items specifically asked for in the job description (for example, a valid driving licence). The implicit criteria are less easy to pinpoint. For example, how much detail on your BSc dissertation and publications should you include? Should you make a long list of extracurricular activities, interests outside medicine, and positions of responsibility? If you admit to a wide range of extracurricular activities and interests, would you be considered as a candidate with a well balanced mature personality or will it be interpreted to mean that you will have little time or interest to do your job? There are no easy answers. Common sense might tell you that BSc dissertation and publications are more important in application for teaching hospital or research posts, but less important for district hospital posts. Conversely, you might think that interests outside medicine are more important for posts in district hospitals or in general practice. This is, however, not always true. A few consultants at district hospital are highly academic. Information gathered from students and doctors working under the professor or consultant concerned may be vital. Alternatively, it is worth while doing your homework by looking up your prospective consultant in the medical directory. This may occasionally prompt you to include information that you might otherwise have left out. For example, you may find that the consultant qualified in Scotland and has previously worked in Scotland for a considerable time, and you may decide to add in your CV that you studied in a Scottish secondary school. Since the CV is only used as for initial screening, you need not go into your previous experience or extracurricular activities in too much detail. Highlight only the most significant points, and leave the details for the interview. If you are applying for a clinical post, one of your referees should be a consultant for whom you have worked as a student. You should ask for permission to use his/her name before submitting your application. 

(2) Application for research scholarship or PhD studentship The CV and application form are sometimes used as the sole selection instrument, and you must make enquiries before you submit your application. Clearly, academic ability is the main criterion for selection, and you should include as much information relevant to your academic ability and interests as you can. Examples are your A levels, your BSc dissertation, any publications (even in the form of a letter in newspaper), any experience as an editor (for example, for your school magazine). Your extracurricular activities are less important, and you can simply give a short list. At least one of the referees should be an academic - for example, your previous supervisor in your BSc degree.
 
(3) Application to join a clinical course in another medical school Preclinical students who have completed an intercalated degree often have the option of applying to join a clinical course in another medical school, although it may become more difficult to do so with the introduction of the new GMC curriculum. Your CV is usually used for shortlisting candidates for interview. The criteria differ slightly among medical schools, but both academic ability and contribution to university life are important. Hence, not only should you highlight your academic achievements but you must also highlight your participation in the university (for example, in sports or music). 

(4) For the information of your tutor or counsellor For most medical schools, you are allocated a tutor who provides both academic and non-academic support and monitors your progress throughout your study on a confidential basis. Students are sometimes asked to submit their up to date CV to their tutors for information. Assuming that the tutors are helpful there is little to gain from over emphasising your strengths or hiding your weaknesses. Once you become a doctor in training after you qualify you will need to undergo an annual assessment of your progress. It serves to certify that you have reached a satisfactory standard, but it is also used as an aid to identify and help with your weaknesses. You may find it difficult to balance these two purposes in presenting your CV. General principles on presentation Now that all students are computer literate, there should be few problems in preparing a well presented CV. The following list serves as a reminder on how to present your CV effectively: Spelling or grammar mistakes - do not rely purely on the spell check on your computer. Ask friends to proofread your CV for you. Consistency - The use of punctuation to open and close sentences, justification, and fonts should be consistent. Readability - The headings should be clear. The font size should be no less than 12 point. Basic criteria - The basic criteria should be easily located, preferably on the first page. Length - The length of your CV increases as you progress up the professional ladder. For students, it should generally be no more than three pages. Quality of print - The CV should be printed on good quality paper, preferably using a laser printer. Practical points In this article, I argue that different versions of a CV may be required for different purposes. Even applications for different posts in the same specialty may require slightly different versions. Also, CVs need to be updated regularly. This would have been time consuming to achieve in the past, but it is now quite simple, with the aid of a basic word processing package. A master CV containing all relevant information should be prepared and saved as a computer file. This should be continuously kept up to date. When the need for a CV arises, it can be tailormade by editing the master document. It is important to save each of these edited versions separately, with the file names indicating the date when it was created and the purpose. It is also important to prepare a cover letter to go with the CV. Key messages A good CV is essential for successful progression up the medical professional ladder The contents of the CV should be tailormade for the purpose it is used for and the criteria against which it is judged. It is important to gather information about these criteria first The CV must be technically well presented, with the basic criteria easily located Information technology has made it simple to regularly update our CVs and allows preparation of different versions of a CV for different purposes with relative ease.

Reference:

Prepare a curriculum vitae. BMJ 1978;25(2):1478-9.
O'Brien E. Prepare a curriculum vitae. In: Reece D, ed. 
How to do it. Vol 1. London: BMJ Publishing Group, 1995 Chambler AF, Chapman-Sheath PJ, Pearse MF. 
A model curriculum vitae: what are the trainers looking for? Hosp Med 1998;59(4):324-6.