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<channel>
	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/10925?offset=740</link>
	<atom:link href="https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/10925?offset=740" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	
	<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44614/online-resources-on-must-read-papers-in-evolutionary-biology</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jul 2024 01:39:14 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44614/online-resources-on-must-read-papers-in-evolutionary-biology</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Online resources on must-read papers in evolutionary biology]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<pre>Online resources on must-read papers in evolutionary biology, for a literature club.<br /><br />Below is a summary of all answers that we received.

All the best,

Jana and Xiaoyan

1.       *Nick Barton:*

- The textbook "Evolution" by Nick Barton, with resources for
  exploring the literature: Barton, N. H., Briggs, D. E. G., Eisen, J.
  A., Goldstein, D. B., &amp; Patel, N. H. (2007). Evolution. Cold Spring
  Harbor Laboratory Press.

- Papers from a course named "Classics in Evolutionary Biology":

Evolutionary Synthesis
1. Haldane, J. B. S. 1932. The causes of evolution. Longmans. New York.
   (esp. Ch. IV).
2. Fisher, R. A. 1930. The genetical theory of natural selection. Oxford
   University Press, Oxford. Selected Sections - Fundamental Theorem.

Genetic Variation
1a. Lewontin, R. C., and J. L. Hubby. 1966. A molecular approach to
the study of genic heterozygosity in natural populations. II. Amount
of variation and degree of heterozygosity in natural populations of
Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics. 54:595-609.

1b. Sachidandam et al. 2001. A map of human genome sequence variation
containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. 409: 928-33.

2. Wright S., Dobzhansky T., Hovanitz W. 1942 Genetics of natural
populations VII The allelism of lethals in the third chromosome of
Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 27: 363-394.

Recombination and evolution
1. Hill, W. G., and A. Robertson. 1966. The effect of linkage on limits
to artificial selection. Genet. Res. 8:269-294.

2. Maynard Smith and Haigh. 1974. The hitch-hiking effect of a favourable
gene. Genet. Res. 23: 23-35.

Understanding sequence variation
1. Begun D. J., Aquadro C. F., 1992 Levels of naturally occurring DNA
polymorphism correlate with recombination rate in Drosophila melanogaster.
Nature 356: 519-520.

2. Green R. E., Reich D., P&auml;&auml;bo S., 2010 A draft sequence of the
Neandertal genome. Science 328: 710-722.

Quantitative Genetics:  variation in complex traits
1. Galton F., 1877 Typical laws of heredity. Nature 15: 492-495-
512-514- 532-533.

2. Turelli M., 1984 Heritable genetic variation via
mutation-selection balance: Lerch's Zeta meets the abdominal
bristle. Theor. Popul. Biol. 25: 138-193.

Quantitative Genetics:  finding the genes
1. Shrimpton A. E., Robertson A., 1988 The Isolation of polygenic factors
controlling bristle score in Drosophila melanogaster II Distribution of
third chromosome bristle effects within chromosome sections. Genetics
118: 445-459.

2. Boyle E. A., Li Y. I., Pritchard J. K., 2017 An expanded view of
complex traits: from polygenic to omnigenic. Cell 169: 1177-1186.

Neutral Evolution
1. Kimura, M. 1968. Evolutionary rate at the molecular level. Science.
217:624-626.

2a. Kern A. D., Hahn M. W., 2018 The Neutral Theory in Light of Natural
Selection. Molecular Biology and Evolution 110: 21077-6.

2b. Jensen J. D., Payseur B. A., Stephan W., Aquadro C. F., Lynch M.,
Charlesworth D., Charlesworth B., 2018 The importance of the Neutral Theory
in 1968 and 50 years on: a response to Kern and Hahn 2018. Evolution 112:
2109-4.

2c. Ellegren &amp; Galtier. 2016. Determinants of genetic diversity. Nature
Reviews Genetics.

Mutation and Genetic Variability
1. Luria, S. E., and M. Delbr&uuml;ck. 1943. Mutations of Bacteria from Virus
Sensitivity to Virus Resistance. Genetics. 28(6):491-511.

2. Hill, W G. 1982. "Rates of Change in Quantitative Traits From Fixation
of New Mutations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.)
79: 142-45.

Testing for selection
1. McDonald &amp; Kreitman. 1991. Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus
in Drosophila. Nature.

2. Begun, et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16, 1816-1819 (1999).

3. Siddiq et al. 2016. Experimental test and refutation of a classic case
of molecular adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster.  Nature Ecology &amp;
Evolution.

The shifting balance
1. Wright, S. 1932. The roles of mutation, inbreeding, crossbreeding and
selection in evolution. Proceedings of the VI International Congress of
Genetics: 1. pp 356-366.

2. Coyne, J.A., N.H. Barton, and M. Turelli. 1997. A critique of Wright's
shifting balance theory of evolution.  Evolution 51: 643-671.

3. Barton. 2016. Sewall Wright on Evolution in Mendelian Populations and
the "Shifting Balance". Genetics.

Evolution of Sex
1.  Muller, H.J. 1964. The relation of recombination to mutational advance.
Mutation Res. 1(1):2-9

2. McDonald et al. 2016. Sex speeds adaptation by altering the dynamics of
molecular evolution. Nature.

Kin Selection, Cooperation, and Conflict
1. Hamilton, W. D. 1964. The genetical evolution of social behaviour I.
Journal of Theoretical Biology. 7:1-52.

2. Trivers, R. L. 1974 Parent-offspring conflict. American Zoologist.
14(1):249-264.

Sexual Selection
1. Zahavi, A. 1975. Mate selection - a selection of a handicap. J. Theor.
Biol. 53:205-214.

2. Kirkpatrick, M., and Ryan, M.J. 1991. The evolution of mating
preferences and the paradox of the lek. Nature. 350:33-38.

Fitness Landscapes
1. Dean, A. 1995. A Molecular Investigation of Genotype by Environment
Interactions. Genetics. 139:19-33.

2. Costanzo et al. 2010. The Genetic Landscape of a Cell. Science.

Speciation
1. Coyne, J. A., and H. A. Orr. 1989. Patterns of speciation in Drosophila.
Evolution. 43:362-381.

2. Corbett-Detig et al. 2013. Genetic incompatibilities are widespread
within species. Nature.

2.       *Marcos Antezana:*

Valen, L. v. 1975. Energy and Evolution. University of Chicago, Department
of Biology.

3.       *Remco Folkertsma:*

1. The work by Hopi Hoekstra on local adaptation and oldfield mice

2. Poelstra, J. W., Vijay, N., Bossu, C. M., Lantz, H., Ryll, B., M&uuml;ller,
I., ... &amp; Wolf, J. B. (2014). The genomic landscape underlying phenotypic
integrity in the face of gene flow in crows. Science, 344(6190), 1410-1414.

4.       *Joshka Kaufmann and Leslie Turner*

They offer us a link to 'papers every evolutionary biologist should read',
the papers are collected by Leslie Turner.
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/53e8cb7ce4b02c4bc3aeeee4/t/5ab8fcb670a6ad55c67fcdf4/1522072758665/EvoBioClassicsRefList.pdf

5.       *Sarah Stockwell*

Matt Ridley collected classic papers in evolutionary biology and printed
part of these papers in his book Evolution (see Matt Ridley. Evolution
(Univ. of Oxford Press, 2nd edition, 2004))
</pre>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/40754/understanding-your-reads-and-mapping</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 29 Jan 2020 06:29:55 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/40754/understanding-your-reads-and-mapping</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Understanding your reads and mapping !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>One of the best tutorial for beginners ...</p>
<p>https://bioinformatics-core-shared-training.github.io/cruk-summer-school-2017/Day1/Session4-seqIntro.html</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://bioinformatics-core-shared-training.github.io/cruk-summer-school-2017/Day1/Session4-seqIntro.html" rel="nofollow">https://bioinformatics-core-shared-training.github.io/cruk-summer-school-2017/Day1/Session4-seqIntro.html</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/41496/new-machine-learning-packages-in-r</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2020 12:11:21 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/41496/new-machine-learning-packages-in-r</link>
	<title><![CDATA[New Machine Learning Packages in R]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<h3 id="machine-learning">Machine Learning</h3><p><a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=autokeras">autokeras</a>&nbsp;v1.0.1: Implements an interface to&nbsp;<a href="https://autokeras.com/">AutoKeras</a>, an open source software library for automated machine learning. See&nbsp;<a href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/autokeras/readme/README.html">README</a>&nbsp;for an example.</p><p><a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=MTPS">MTPS</a>&nbsp;v0.1.9: Implements functions to predict simultaneous multiple outcomes based on revised stacking algorithms as described in&nbsp;<a href="denied:doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btz531">Xing et al. (2019)</a>. See the&nbsp;<a href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MTPS/vignettes/Guide.html">vignette</a>&nbsp;to get started.</p><p><a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=quanteda.textmodels">quanteda.textmodels</a>&nbsp;v0.9.1: Implements methods for scaling models and classifiers based on sparse matrix objects representing textual data. It includes implementations of the&nbsp;<a href="denied:doi:10.1017/S0003055403000698">Laver et al. (2003)</a>&nbsp;wordscores model, the&nbsp;<a href="denied:arxiv:1710.08963">Perry &amp; Benoit&rsquo;s (2017)</a>&nbsp;class affinity scaling model, and the&nbsp;<a href="denied:doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00338.x">Slapin &amp; Proksch (2008)</a>&nbsp;wordfish model. See the&nbsp;<a href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/quanteda.textmodels/vignettes/textmodel_performance.html">vignette</a>&nbsp;to get started.</p><p><a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=SeqDetect">SeqDetect</a>&nbsp;v1.0.7: Implements the automaton model found in&nbsp;<a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8910574">Krleža, Vrdoljak &amp; Brčić (2019)</a>&nbsp;to detect and process sequences. See the&nbsp;<a href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SeqDetect/vignettes/SequentialDetector.pdf">vignette</a>&nbsp;for examples and theory.</p><p><a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=studyStrap">studyStrap</a>&nbsp;v1.0.0: Implements multi-Study Learning algorithms such as Merging, Study-Specific Ensembling (Trained-on-Observed-Studies Ensemble), the Study Strap, and the Covariate-Matched Study Strap. and offers over 20 similarity measures. See&nbsp;<a href="denied:doi:10.1101/856385">Kishida, et al. (2019)</a>&nbsp;for background and the&nbsp;<a href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/studyStrap/vignettes/vignette.html">vignette</a>&nbsp;for how to use the package.</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/41107/machine-learning-in-perl</guid>
	<pubDate>Sun, 16 Feb 2020 15:32:03 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/41107/machine-learning-in-perl</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Machine learning in Perl]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>this is a fourth blog post in the Machine learning in Perl series, focusing on the&nbsp;<a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/AI::MXNet">AI::MXNet</a>, a Perl interface to Apache MXNet, a modern and powerful machine learning library.</p>
<p>If you're interested in refreshing your memory or just new to the series, please check previous entries over here:&nbsp;<a href="http://blogs.perl.org/users/sergey_kolychev/2017/02/machine-learning-in-perl.html">1</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://blogs.perl.org/users/sergey_kolychev/2017/04/machine-learning-in-perl-part2-a-calculator-handwritten-digits-and-roboshakespeare.html">2</a>&nbsp;<a href="http://blogs.perl.org/users/sergey_kolychev/2017/10/machine-learning-in-perl-part3-deep-convolutional-generative-adversarial-network.html">3</a></p>
<p><a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/AI::MXNet">https://metacpan.org/pod/AI::MXNet</a></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://blogs.perl.org/users/sergey_kolychev/2018/07/machine-learning-in-perl-kyuubi-goes-to-a-modelzoo-during-the-starry-night.html" rel="nofollow">http://blogs.perl.org/users/sergey_kolychev/2018/07/machine-learning-in-perl-kyuubi-goes-to-a-modelzoo-during-the-starry-night.html</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43877/crowdgo-machine-learning-and-semantic-similarity-guided-consensus-gene-ontology-annotation</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 26 May 2022 00:59:49 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43877/crowdgo-machine-learning-and-semantic-similarity-guided-consensus-gene-ontology-annotation</link>
	<title><![CDATA[CrowdGO: Machine learning and semantic similarity guided consensus Gene Ontology annotation]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p dir="auto">CrowdGO is a protein Gene Ontology predictor using a meta approach, analyzing the predictions of other tools in order to get an improved precision and recall.</p>
<p dir="auto">Please note that the CrowdGO snakemake workflow is currently only tested on Ubuntu. It should work on OSX, but please report any errors to <a href="mailto:maarten.reijnders@unil.ch">maarten.reijnders@unil.ch</a> or create an issue.</p>
<p>https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010075</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://gitlab.com/mreijnders/crowdgo" rel="nofollow">https://gitlab.com/mreijnders/crowdgo</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Shruti Paniwala</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/37800/heatmapper-web-enabled-heat-mapping-for-all</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 01 Oct 2018 08:34:41 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/37800/heatmapper-web-enabled-heat-mapping-for-all</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Heatmapper: web-enabled heat mapping for all]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>Heatmapper is a freely available web server that allows users to interactively visualize their data in the form of heat maps through an easy-to-use graphical interface. Heatmapper is a versatile tool that allows users to easily create a wide variety of heat maps for many different data types and applications. Heatmapper allows users to generate, cluster and visualize: </span></p>
<p><span>1)&nbsp;</span><span>expression-based heat maps</span><span>&nbsp;from transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic experiments; 2)&nbsp;</span><span>pairwise distance maps</span><span>; </span></p>
<p><span>3)&nbsp;</span><span>correlation maps</span><span>; </span></p>
<p><span>4)&nbsp;</span><span>image overlay heat maps</span><span>; </span></p>
<p><span>5)&nbsp;</span><span>latitude and longitude heat maps</span><span>&nbsp;and </span></p>
<p><span>6)&nbsp;</span><span>geopolitical (choropleth) heat maps</span><span>. </span></p>
<p><span>Heatmapper offers a number of simple and intuitive customization options for easy adjustments to each heat map&rsquo;s appearance and plotting parameters. Heatmapper also allows users to interactively explore their numeric data values by hovering their cursor over each heat map, or by using a searchable/sortable data table view.</span></p>
<p><span>Ref&nbsp;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27190236</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://www2.heatmapper.ca/" rel="nofollow">http://www2.heatmapper.ca/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/1737/perl-in-a-day</guid>
	<pubDate>Sat, 10 Aug 2013 21:14:03 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/1737/perl-in-a-day</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Perl in a day !!]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>This pdf based tutorial in good resource to understand the basic of Perl in a day</p><p><a href="http://ritg.med.harvard.edu/training/perl/RC_Perl_Intro.pdf">http://ritg.med.harvard.edu/training/perl/RC_Perl_Intro.pdf</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jitendra Narayan</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/4037/perl-and-bioperl-tutorials</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 28 Aug 2013 05:51:38 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/4037/perl-and-bioperl-tutorials</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Perl and BioPerl Tutorials]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>This bookmark is created to store the useful Perl and BioPerl tutorial links at one place. Feel free to share and add more useful tutorial links here ....&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://cbb.sjtu.edu.cn/course/database/beginning.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://cbb.sjtu.edu.cn/course/database/beginning.pdf</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jitendra Narayan</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44200/dashboard-designing-tutorial</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 02 Mar 2023 06:48:43 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44200/dashboard-designing-tutorial</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Dashboard designing tutorial !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Dashboard Design Tutorial</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/dthill196/SARS-2-Dashboard-Tutorial" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/dthill196/SARS-2-Dashboard-Tutorial</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/14011/dynamic-chromosome-breakpoints</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 13 Aug 2014 18:38:10 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/14011/dynamic-chromosome-breakpoints</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Dynamic chromosome breakpoints !!!]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Cell division involves the distribution of identical genetic material, DNA, to two daughters&rsquo; cells. During this process, duplicated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) goes through a condensation and decondensation process. This is followed by nuclear envelope dissolution, mitotic spindle assembly, migration of the sister chromatid pairs to the metaphase plate, division and segregation of identical sets of chromosomes into daughter nuclei and nuclear envelope reformation.</p><p>The vital metaphase stage of cell division, when the sister chromatids migrated to the centre and lined up in a row, and pulled apart using attached microtubules in such a way that half the DNA ends up in each daughter cell. However, before the mitotic spindle‐mediated movement gets start and pulled DNA apart, the chromosomes are free to undergo <strong>recombination </strong>which involves the exchange of genetic material either between multiple chromosomes or between different regions of the same chromosome.</p><p><img src="http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/var/sciencelearn/storage/images/contexts/uniquely-me/sci-media/images/chromosomes-crossing-over/464438-1-eng-NZ/Chromosomes-crossing-over.jpg" alt="image" width="504" height="342" style="border: 0px; border: 0px;"></p><p>During recombination, the precise breakage of each strand, exchange between the strands, and sealing of the resulting recombined molecules happens. The &ldquo;<strong>chromosomal breakpoints</strong>&rdquo; refers to these places where they break. Mostly, this process occurs with a high degree of accuracy at high frequency in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. But occasionally this &ldquo;break and sealing/ break and reattach&rdquo; process goes wrong and the reattachment happens in the wrong place which usually create disaster (with few exceptions).These chromosome disaster or abnormalities involve the gain, loss or rearrangement of visible amounts of genetic material during cell division. These abnormalities are of two type, the first one is numerical abnormalities &nbsp;where severe disorders are caused by the loss or gain of whole chromosomes, which affect the copy number of hundreds or even thousands of genes. The second are structural abnormalities which can be unbalanced or balanced. The former are similar to numerical abnormalities in that genetic material is either gained or lost. The natural defects in chromosome segregation are linked to cancer and several genetic diseases (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_genetic_disorders). Therefore, the enzymes involved in regulating cell division are still the attractive drug targets for many diseases.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Chromosomal_translocations.svg" alt="image" width="424" height="331" style="border: 0px; border: 0px;"></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Apart from certain chromosome abnormalities, these &ldquo;crossing over&rdquo; of segments of maternal and paternal chromosomes to form hybrid chromosomes have some evolutionary importance and considered as a driver of genetic variation. Moreover, the chromosome breakage in evolution is considered to be non-random in nature(http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.0020014). In addition the study of breakpoint regions and non-breakpoint (stable) regions of chromosomes indicates both the regions evolved in distinctly different ways ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675965/). These breakage may lead to genetic diseases or participate to chromosomal rearranmgnets and contributed in development of new species.</p><p>I will try to explain the genome hotspots/Evolutionary Breakpoint Regions(EBRs)/fragile regions/weak fragments/&nbsp; in my next blog.</p><p><strong>Software for recombination detection:</strong></p><p><strong>RAT</strong> http://cbr.jic.ac.uk/dicks/software/RAT/</p><p><strong>Breakpointer</strong> https://github.com/ruping/Breakpointer</p><p><strong>DRP</strong> http://web.cbio.uct.ac.za/~darren/rdp.html</p><p><strong>RB-finder</strong> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18707535</p><p><strong>LDhat2.0</strong> http://ldhat.sourceforge.net/LDhat2.0/instructions.shtml</p><p><strong>Reference:</strong></p><p>http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-recombination-514#</p><p>Image: Wikipedia , sciencelearn.org.nz</p><p><strong>Recommended Articles:</strong></p><p>http://www.friendshipcircle.org/blog/2012/05/22/13-chromosomal-disorders-youve-never-heard-of/</p><p>http://web.udl.es/usuaris/e4650869/docencia/segoncicle/genclin98/recursos_classe_%28pdf%29/revisionsPDF/chromosyndromes.pdf</p><p>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775595/table/T2/</p><p>http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/chromosomal/</p><p>http://www.ncert.nic.in/html/learning_basket/biology/cc&amp;cd.pdf</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jitendra Narayan</dc:creator>
</item>

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