BOL: Related items

Phylogenetic for Bioinformatics

Jitendra Narayan — Tue, 16 Jul 2013 03:50:30 -0500

Biologists estimate that there are about 5 to 100 million species of organisms living on Earth today. Evidence from morphological, biochemical, and gene sequence data suggests that all organisms on Earth are genetically related, and the genealogical relationships of living things can be represented by a vast evolutionary tree, the Tree of Life. The Tree of Life then represents the phylogeny of organisms, i. e., the history of organismal lineages as they change through time.
Every living organism contains DNA, RNA, and proteins. Closely related organisms generally have a high degree of agreement in the molecular structure of these substances, while the molecules of organisms distantly related usually show a pattern of dissimilarity. Molecular phylogeny uses such data to build a "relationship tree" that shows the probable evolution of various organisms. Not until recent decades, however, has it been possible to isolate and identify these molecular structures.
phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms (for example, species or populations), which is discovered through molecular sequencing data and morphological data matrices. In other word, Phylogenetics, the science of phylogeny, is one part of the larger field of systematics, which also includes taxonomy. Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying the diversity of organisms Molecular phylogeny is the use of the structure of molecules to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a so-called phylogenetic tree.

The evolutionary connections between organisms are represented graphically through phylogenetic trees. Due to the fact that evolution takes place over long periods of time that cannot be observed directly, biologists must reconstruct phylogenies by inferring the evolutionary relationships among present-day organisms.
Application of the techniques that make this possible can be seen in the very limited field of human genetics, such as the ever more popular use of genetic testing to determine a child's paternity, as well as the emergence of a new branch of criminal forensics focused on genetic evidence.
The effect on traditional scientific classification schemes in the biological sciences has been dramatic as well. Work that was once immensely labor- and materials-intensive can now be done quickly and easily, leading to yet another source of information becoming available for systematic and taxonomic appraisal. This particular kind of data has become so popular that taxonomical schemes based solely on molecular data may be encountered. Proponents even claim that taxonomy was previously based on morphology alone, which of course is utter fable.

For additional information on phylogenetics, see list of Phylogenetics Resources on the Internet.

Phylogeny and Reconstructing Phylogenetic Trees: http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/Phyltree/cover.html
the CBRG and Department of Statistics Phylogeny tutorial: http://www.compbio.ox.ac.uk/tutorials/phylogeny/
TUTORIAL: PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS USING PARSIMONY:http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~psgendb/GDE/phylogeny/parsimony/phylip.parsimony.html

PHYLIP: http://www.umanitoba.ca/afs/plant_science/psgendb/doc/Phylip/main.html
An Introduction to Molecular Phylogeny: http://bibiserv.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/gcb04/tutorials/hoef-emden/GCB04Tut.pdf

How to make a phylogenetic tree: http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/sequence/TUTORIALS/TREE_TUTORIAL/Treetutorial.html
Phylogenetic Trees: http://cnx.org/content/m11052/latest/
Phylogeny by Ron Shamir: http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~rshamir/algmb/01/scribe08/lec08.pdf
Introduction to Phylogeny: http://www.utm.edu/departments/cens/biology/rirwin/391/391Phylog.htm
Lecturer notes on Phylogeny: http://www.sbc.su.se/~bens/course_material/phylocourse1/lecture2.pdf
Principles and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics:http://www.faculty.biol.ttu.edu/Strauss/Phylogenetics/LectureNotes.htm

Inferring phylogenetic trees: http://www.cis.hut.fi/Opinnot/T-61.6070/slides2008/pres_6070.pdf

Lecture Notes

Chapter 1 - The Diversity, Classification, and Evolution of Vertebrates:http://academic.emporia.edu/mooredwi/nathist/chap1.htm

Algorithms for Phylogenetic Reconstructions:http://lectures.molgen.mpg.de/Algorithmische_Bioinformatik_WS0405/phylogeny_script.pdf

Phylogeny.fr is a free, simple to use web service dedicated to reconstructing and analysing phylogenetic relationships between molecular sequences. Phylogeny.fr runs and connects various bioinformatics programs to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic tree from a set of sequences. For more detail : http://www.phylogeny.fr/version2_cgi/index.cgi

A Brief Tutorial on Phylogenetics
http://bioss.ac.uk/~dirk/talks/tutorial_phylogenetics.pdf

A Brief Tutorial on Phylogenetics Human Rabbit Chicken
http://bioss.ac.uk/~dirk/talks/psnup_tutorial_phylogenetics.pdf

Phylogenetic Tree Computation Tutorial Overview
http://pga.lbl.gov/Workshop/April2002/lectures/Olken.pdf

MrBayes: A program for the Bayesian inference of phylogeny
http://golab.unl.edu/teaching/SBseminar/manual.pdf

Web sites providing software for the construction of phylogenetic trees

BioEdit

Coelocanth-Fish Out of Time

Computational Biochemistry Research Group

Digital Taxonomy

Hennig 86

Hyperclean from Bioinformatics Solutions, Inc.

Memorial University of Newfoundland

Mr. Bayes

NONA

Oxford University Evolutionary Biology Group

Paleobiology Database

PAUP

Phylip Homepage

Sinauer Associates

TNT-Tree Analysis Using New Technology

Tree Base

Treefinder

Tree-Puzzle

Tree View-Taxonomy and Systematics Group at Glasgow

Washington University-List of Phylogeny Software

Phylogenetics

Fri, 23 Aug 2013 03:53:43 -0500

006 - Phylogenetics Paul Andersen discusses the specifics of phylogenetics. The evolutionary relationships of organisms are discovered through both morphological and molecular data. A specific type of phylogenetic tree, the cladogram, is also covered. Intro Music Atribution Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav Artist: CosmicD Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/CosmicD/sounds/72556/ Creative Commons Atribution License

Sharing a million genomes: Yves Moreau at TEDxbrussels

Sun, 03 Nov 2013 19:04:25 -0600

In the spirit of ideas worth spreading, TEDx is a program of local, self-organized events that bring people together to share a TED-like experience. At a TEDx event, TEDTalks video and live speakers combine to spark deep discussion and connection in a small group. These local, self-organized events are branded TEDx, where x = independently organized TED event. The TED Conference provides general guidance for the TEDx program, but individual TEDx events are self-organized.* (*Subject to certain rules and regulations)

The Future of Personalized Medicine

Thu, 06 Feb 2014 00:21:26 -0600

Howard Jacob speaking on Personalize Medicine at the Illumina Meeting in Feb. of 2013.

Sequence - Evolution - Function; Computational Approaches in Comparative Genomics

Jit — Sun, 06 Aug 2017 06:58:12 -0500

Sequence - Evolution - Function is an introduction to the computational approaches that play a critical role in the emerging new branch of biology known as functional genomics. The book provides the reader with an understanding of the principles and approaches of functional genomics and of the potential and limitations of computational and experimental approaches to genome analysis.

Address of the bookmark: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK20260/

ShendureLab

Thu, 28 Dec 2017 09:57:50 -0600

The mission of our lab is to develop and apply new technologies and methods for genetics, genomics and molecular biology. Most of our work exploits next-generation DNA sequencing which is effectively emerging as a broadly enabling microscope for the measurement of biological phenomena. Our ongoing work generally falls into six areas. These are listed below as links to representative publications in each area.

Developing New Molecular Methods

Genomic Approaches to Developmental Biology

Massively Parallel Functional Genomics

Translating Genomics to the Clinic

Genetic Basis of Human Disease

Genome Sequencing Technologies

http://krishna.gs.washington.edu/index.html
http://www.gs.washington.edu/faculty/shendure.htm

ASAR: Advanced metagenomic Sequence Analysis in R

Jit — Mon, 09 Jul 2018 05:20:50 -0500

An interactive data analysis tool for selection, aggregation and visualization of metagenomic data is presented. Functional analysis with a SEED hierarchy and pathway diagram based on KEGG orthology based upon MG-RAST annotation results is available.

To read the manual, please click the link https://askarbek-orakov.github.io/ASAR/

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/Askarbek-orakov/ASAR

The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH)

Jit — Sat, 08 Feb 2020 07:37:31 -0600

The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) is a policy-framing and technical standards-setting organization, seeking to enable responsible genomic data sharing within a human rights framework.

GA4GH core funders and sponsors enable our work and allow us to convene the international genomic data sharing community.

https://www.ga4gh.org/

Address of the bookmark: https://www.ga4gh.org/

The new corona variant has 23 mutations in all, which is unusually huge !

Shruti Paniwala — Wed, 23 Dec 2020 03:50:50 -0600

The new SARS-CoV-2 version, B.1.1.7, which was first seen in the third week of September in Kent and Greater London, has since spread to other locations in the UK. According to the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium (COG-UK Consortium) that analysed the genome data of the virus and identified the variant, the new variant has been spreading "rapidly" over the last four weeks and has now been detected in other locations in the UK, suggesting further spread of the variant in the region.

According to a preliminary report posted on December 19 by the COG-UK Consortium scientists, as of December 15, 1,623 variant genomes have been sequenced. In a December 21 tweet, COG-UK Consortium said that it added 2,963 more genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2, of which 942 (32%) belong to the new variant. The Consortium intends to sequence 20,000 more SARS-CoV-2 genomes in the next two weeks to further ascertain the spread of the variant.

There is no clear proof, at least not yet, that it does cause severe pandemic. But there is a justification for seriously taking the possibility. Another coronavirus lineage in South Africa has acquired one specific mutation that is also present in B.1.1.7. This variant is increasingly spreading across South Africa's coastal regions. And doctors have observed in preliminary research that individuals infected with this variant bear a higher viral load-a higher concentration of the virus in their upper respiratory tract. In many viral diseases, this is associated with more severe symptoms.

Machine Learning for Genomics

Jit — Thu, 09 Sep 2021 11:26:32 -0500

Module 1: Statistics for genomics (2-8 August 2021)

A simple intro to statistical distributions
hypothesis testing
linear models.

reading: http://compgenomr.github.io/book/stats.html

slides: https://github.com/BIMSBbioinfo/compgen2021/tree/main/week1/compgen2021_stats.pdf

exercises+code: https://github.com/BIMSBbioinfo/compgen2021/tree/main/week1/

Module 2: Unsupervised learning for genomics (9-15 August 2021)

Understanding basic intuition behind machine learning approaches.
Using unsupervised learning to cluster and visualise data points
Dimension reduction techniques for visualisation and as input to clustering methods

reading: http://compgenomr.github.io/book/unsupervisedLearning.html

slides: https://github.com/BIMSBbioinfo/compgen2021/tree/main/week2/compgen2021_unsupervisedLearning.pdf

exercises+code: https://github.com/BIMSBbioinfo/compgen2021/tree/main/week2/

Module 3: Supervised learning for genomics (16-22 August 2021)

Understanding and using supervised learning methods for predictive purposes
How to measure prediction performance
Understand and use cross-validation and related concepts

reading: http://compgenomr.github.io/book/supervisedLearning.html

slides: https://github.com/BIMSBbioinfo/compgen2021/tree/main/week3/compgen2021_supervisedLearning.pdf

exercises+code: https://github.com/BIMSBbioinfo/compgen2021/tree/main/week3/

https://github.com/BIMSBbioinfo/compgen2021

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/BIMSBbioinfo/compgen2021