Features

• Circular and linear views of genomes

• Capable of drawing genomes up to 10 Mbp with 1000's of features and 100's contigs

• Smooth zooming down to the sequence level

• Easily generate features and plots directly form the sequence (e.g. ORFs, GC-content and GC-Skew)

• Save high resolution PNG maps up to 8000x8000px

• Fully documented API for interacting with CGView.js maps

Address of the bookmark: https://js.cgview.ca/

What is Genome Assembly?

Genome assembly involves piecing together short DNA sequence reads generated by sequencing platforms (e.g., Illumina, PacBio, Oxford Nanopore) into longer, contiguous sequences called contigs. This can be performed as:

• De Novo Assembly: Without a reference genome.
• Reference-Guided Assembly: Using a reference genome to guide the assembly process.

Step 1: Preparing Your Data

Before starting the assembly, ensure that your raw sequencing data is high quality.

1. Input Data

   • Short Reads: Illumina sequencing generates short, accurate reads ideal for scaffolding.
   • Long Reads: PacBio and Nanopore sequencing provide long reads for resolving repetitive regions.

2. Quality Control (QC)
   Use tools like FastQC or MultiQC to assess the quality of your reads:

   fastqc reads.fastq multiqc .

   Look for issues like low-quality bases, adapter contamination, or overrepresented sequences.

3. Read Trimming and Filtering
   Trim low-quality bases and adapters using Trimmomatic or Cutadapt:

   trimmomatic PE reads_R1.fastq reads_R2.fastq trimmed_R1.fastq trimmed_R2.fastq \ ILLUMINACLIP:adapters.fa:2:30:10 LEADING:3 TRAILING:3 SLIDINGWINDOW:4:20 MINLEN:36

Step 2: Choosing an Assembly Strategy

Select an assembly strategy based on your data type:

• Short-Read Assemblers:

  • SPAdes: Popular for microbial genomes.
  • Velvet: Fast for smaller genomes.

• Long-Read Assemblers:

  • Canu: Ideal for long-read datasets.
  • Flye: Versatile for small and large genomes.

• Hybrid Assemblers:

  • MaSuRCA: Combines short and long reads.
  • Unicycler: Optimized for bacterial genomes.

Step 3: Running the Assembly

3.1. SPAdes (Short-Read Assembly)

SPAdes is an excellent choice for small genomes, such as bacteria.

The output includes assembled contigs (contigs.fasta) and scaffolds (scaffolds.fasta).

3.2. Canu (Long-Read Assembly)

Canu is designed for high-error long reads from PacBio or Nanopore.

The output will be in canu_output/genome.contigs.fasta.

3.3. Hybrid Assembly with Unicycler

Unicycler combines short and long reads for improved assemblies.

Step 4: Assessing Assembly Quality

After assembly, evaluate its quality using the following tools:

1. QUAST
   QUAST generates assembly statistics, such as N50, genome size, and GC content:

   quast contigs.fasta -o quast_output

2. BUSCO
   BUSCO checks genome completeness by identifying conserved genes:

   busco -i contigs.fasta -o busco_output -l fungi_odb10 -m genome

3. Assembly Graph Visualization
   Visualize assembly graphs with Bandage:

   Bandage load assembly_graph.gfa

Step 5: Post-Assembly Steps

1. Polishing
   Improve assembly accuracy using tools like Pilon (for short reads) or Racon (for long reads).

   racon long_reads.fasta mapped_reads.sam contigs.fasta > polished_contigs.fasta

2. Scaffolding
   Link contigs into scaffolds using tools like SSPACE or Opera-LG if required.

3. Annotation
   Annotate the assembled genome using Prokka for prokaryotes or Maker for eukaryotes.

   prokka --outdir annotation_output --prefix genome contigs.fasta

Step 6: Sharing and Archiving

1. Submit to Public Repositories
   Share your assembly in databases like NCBI GenBank, ENA, or DDBJ.

2. Metadata Preparation
   Include detailed metadata for your submission, such as organism name, sequencing platform, and coverage.

Best Practices

• Always perform quality checks at each stage to ensure data integrity.
• Use multiple tools to cross-validate results when working with complex genomes.
• Document parameters and software versions for reproducibility.

Conclusion

Genome assembly is a powerful process that transforms raw sequencing data into a coherent representation of an organism’s genome. By following this step-by-step guide, you can successfully assemble genomes and uncover valuable biological insights. Whether you’re assembling a microbial genome or tackling the complexities of a eukaryotic genome, these tools and strategies will set you on the path to success.

The candidate is expected to have experience in handling functional genomics tools to dissect defense responses against bacterial pathogens and drought stress tolerance. This project may involve use of bioinformatics tools, database development, large scale transcriptome profiling, virus-induced gene silencing and any other research work as assigned by the PI.

Qualification: Candidates having a Ph. D. degree in Bioinformatics/Plant Molecular Biology/Plant Physiology/Plant Pathology/Plant Breeding & Genetics and strong publication record can apply. Candidates having prior work experience in using advanced molecular biology tools in laboratory with strong bioinformatics knowledge are preferred.

The Fellowship amount for the position will be given at par with the similar fellowships by DBT/DST.

NIPGR reserves the right to select the candidate against the above post depending upon the qualifications and experience of the candidate. Reservation of post shall be as per Govt. of India norms.

Eligible candidates may apply by sending hard copy of complete application in the given format with a cover letter showing interest and specifying the position. The attested copies of the mark-sheets, certificates, proof of research experience/publications are to be attached. The application should reach at the address given below within 15 days from the date of advertisement. The envelope must be superscribed by "Application for the post of RA under NIPGR Short-term research fellowship programme". No TA/DA will be paid for attending the interview.

ONLY hard copy of the application in the given format will be accepted.
www.nipgr.res.in/files/careers/format_RA2.doc

Dr. Senthil-Kumar Muthappa
Staff Scientist - III,
National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR)
Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, P.O. Box NO. 10531,
New Delhi - 110067

We have developed panHiTE, a comprehensive and accurate pipeline for TE detection in large-scale population genomes. It has been successfully applied to hundreds of plant population genomes, demonstrating its effectiveness and scalability.

For detailed instructions, please refer to the panHiTE tutorial.

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/CSU-KangHu/HiTE

More at http://biorg.cis.fiu.edu/

Assam Applications are invited for Walk-in-Interview for the following temporary positions in the MHRD sponsored Centre of Excellence under FAST project entitled “Machine Learning Research and Big Data Analysis” under the Principal Investigator Professor D.K. Bhattacharyya, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Tezpur University.

Position : Senior Research Fellows (SRFs) in the field of (i) Bioinformatics (ii) Natural Language Processing / Speech Processing (iii) Cognitive Radio Networks / Optical Networks (iv) Network Security. No. of Positions : Five (05).

Qualification : First class in ME / M. Tech. in CSE / IT / ECE with research experience in relevant fields of research. Candidates having valid GATE / NET score shall be preferred.

Fellowship : Rs. 18,000/- (Rupees Eighteen Thousand) only per month.

Duration : Two (02) years and may be extended depending on status of the project.

Position : Junior Research Fellows (JRFs) in the field of Bioinformatics

No. of Positions : One (01).

Qualification : First class in B. Tech. in CSE / IT/ ECE or MCA with consistently good academic records. Candidates with M. Tech. in CSE / IT / ECE shall be preferred.

Fellowship : Rs. 12,000/- (Rupees twelve Thousand) only per month.

Duration : Two (02) years and may be extended depending on status of the project.

Interested candidates may send their application on plain paper by post along with his/her educational qualifications, research experience certificates (for Senior Research Fellow), 02 copies of recent passport/stamp size photograph and contact phone number to Prof. D.K. Bhattacharyya, Principal Investigator, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Tezpur University, Napaam- 784028 or mail it to dkb@tezu.ernet.in (or to smh@tezu.ernet.in) within 15 days of publication of this advertisement.

Advertisement: www.tezu.ernet.in/ProjectWalkin/Advt_CoE_5816-A.pdf

Applications are invited for the post of Senior Research Fellow- SRF (one) and Junior Research Fellow- JRF (one) to be appointed in a SERB-funded major research project entitled “Biochemical and functional properties of Synechocystis Glutathione S-transferase(s)” sanctioned to Dr. Timir Tripathi, Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, NEHU, Shillong.

Essential Qualifications: For both positions M.Sc. or equivalent with a good academic record is a prerequisite.

For Project-SRF, experience in bioinformatics/computational biology is required, which should be evident by publications.

Students waiting for their last semester result can apply for JRF position.

Stipend: As per SERB norms.

Interested students can email their detailed bio-data including mobile number and recent photograph to msb.biochem@gmail.com, latest by 01.08.15. The hard copy is not required at this stage.

The date of interview will be informed after primary scrutiny of the applications. No TA/DA will be paid if called for interview. P.S: Students applied for the same post as per date 01.06.15, need not to apply again as their application will be considered in this advertisement also.

For details of the research work of the PI’s group kindly visit www.ttripathi.webs.com

Dr. Timir Tripathi Principal Investigator DST-SERB Project Department of Biochemistry NEHU, Shillong

Advertisement: www.nehu.ac.in/Advertisements/BiochemPVAdvtTT_200715.pdf

Eligibility : MSc(Bio-Chemistry, Bio-Informatics, Bio-Tech)

Location : Chennai

Last Date : 20 Aug 2015

Hiring Process : Walk - In
Alagappa University - Job Details

RA Bioinformatics Job position in Alagappa University

Qualification: M.Sc., in Bioinformatics/Biotechnology/Biophysics/Biochemistry/ Life Sciences

No.of Post: One

Salary : Rs. 11000
How to apply

A walk-in Interview will be held at the Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630 004 on 20.08.2015 (Thursday) at 10.30 AM.

Interested candidates are encouraged to send their Curriculum Vitae by email in advance. On the day of interview, the candidates must produce original certificates in proof of their educational qualification and experience and a recommendation letter from the Head of the Department/Institution where last studied/worked. Candidates who have already passed the required Degree alone are eligible to appear for interview.

Click Here for more http://alagappauniversity.ac.in/files/news_files/Notification.pdf

With InsideDNA, you can upload and store your own genomic/genetic datasets in a limitless cloud space, and instantly analyze it with a powerful compute instance, without any tool installation or set up hassle.

More at https://insidedna.me/

Address of the bookmark: https://insidedna.me/

Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics

Junior Research Fellowship Position

Applications are invited for one JRF position in the following DAE sponsored project.

Title of the project: Insight into the Structure–Function Relationships of Chemically Modified Nucleic Acids: A Molecular Dynamics Simulations Study.

The above project involves theoretical modelling and simulations on chemically modified nucleic acids to investigate their structures, dynamics and thermodynamic stabilities.

Desired qualification: M.Sc. in Chemistry/ Bioinformatics; GATE/UGC-CSIR NET qualification.

To apply: Send detailed curriculum vitae by e-mail to the following address on or before 31 August 2015: Prof. U. Deva Priyakumar (devalab@iiit.ac.in), CCNSB, IIIT-H, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 032.