It is possible to create a vector by typing data directly into R using the combine function ‘c’

x

same as

x

creates the vector x with the numbers between 1 and 5.

You can see what is in an object at any time by typing its name;

x

will produce the output ‘[1] 1 2 3 4 5′

Note that names need to be quoted

daysofweek ← c(‘Monday’, ‘Tuesday’, ‘Wednesday’, ‘Thursday’, ‘Friday’);

Usually however you want to input from a file. We have touched on the ‘read.table’ function already.

mydata

Now mydata is a data frame with multiple vectors

each vector can be identified by the default syntax

#if any of these are typed it will print to screen

mydata$V1 mydata$V2 mydata$V3

By default the function assumes certain things from the file

• The file is a plain text file (there are function to read excel files: not covered here)
• columns are separated by any number of tabs or spaces
• there is the same number of data points in each column
• there is no header row (labels for the columns)
• there is no column with names for the rows** [I’ll explain].

If any of these are false, we need to tell that to the function

If it has a header column

mydata header=T also works

Note that there is a comma between different parts of the functions arguments

If there is one less column in the header row, then R assumes that the 1^st column of data after the header are the row names

Now the vectors (columns) are identified by their name

#if any of these are typed it will print to screen

mydata$A mydata$B mydata$C

# Summary about the whole data frame

summary(mydata)

# Summary information of column A

summary(mydata$A)

We can shortcut having to type the data frame each time by attaching it

attach(mydata)

# summary of column B as ‘mydata’ is attached

summary(B)

Two other important options for read.table

If is is separated only by tabs and has a header

mydata

Really useful if you have spaces in the contents of some columns, so R does not mess up reading the columns . However if the columns or of an uneven length it will tell you.

If you know that the file has uneven columns

mydata

This causes R to fill empty spaces in a columns with ‘NA’ .

The last two examples will still work with our file and give the same result as with only headers=T

Graphs

to get an idea of what R is capable of type

demo(graphics)

steps through the examples, and the code is printed to the screen

We will work with simpler examples that have immediate use to biologists.

Remember to get more information about the options to a function type ‘?function’

Histogram of A

hist(mydata$A)

If there was more data we could increase the number of vertical columns with the option, breaks=50 (or another relevant number).

boxplot(mydata)

We can get rid of the need to type the data frame each time by using the attach function

# if not already done so

attach(mydata)

boxplot(mydata$A, mydata$B, name=c(“Value A”, “Value B”) , ylab=“Count of Something”)

same as

boxplot(A, B, name=c(“Value A”, “Value B”) , ylab=“Count of Something”)

Scatter plot

# if not already done so

attach(mydata)

plot(A,B) # or plot(mydata$A, mydata$B)

SAVING an image

Windows users (Rgui) RIGHT click on image and select which you want.

These instructions work for everyone.

You need to create a new device of the type of file you need, then send the data to that device

to save as a png file (easy to load into the likes of powerpoint, also great for web applications.

png(‘filename’)

boxplot(A, B, name=c(“Value A”, “Value B”) , ylab=“Count of Something”)

or to save as a pdf

pdf(‘filename’)

boxplot(A, B, name=c(“Value A”, “Value B”) , ylab=“Count of Something”)

Note

• Nothing will appear on screen, the output is going to the file
• Also it may not be saved immediately but will once the device (or R) is turned quit.

To quit R type

q() # If you save your session, next time you start R, you will have your data preloaded.

Or if you want to remain in R

dev.off() #turns of the png (or pdf etc) device, thus forces the data to save

No of post : 01
Essential qualifications: i) Ph. D degree in Bioinformatics/computers/Bio-technology. OR ii) Master’s Degree in Bioinformatics/computers/Bio-technology with 1st division or 60% marks or equivalent overall grade point average with at least two years of research experience as evidenced from fellowship/Associateship/training/other engagements.
Desirable qualifications: i) Working Knowledge and Published Research papers in Bio-informatics.
Monthly emoluments : Rs. 23,000/- + HRA . for M.Sc degree holder Rs. 24,000/- + HRA for Ph.D degree holder
Maximum Age limit : Research Associate – Males- 40 years & Women 45 years.
SELECTION PROCEDURE FOR CENTRAL POTATO RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CPRI) – RESEARCH ASSOCIATE POST:

Written Test on 20/03/2015.
Shortlisted candidates will undertake face to face interview.
Dates are yet to be announced for the final selection
WALK-IN PROCEDURE FOR RESEARCH ASSOCIATE VACANCY IN CENTRAL POTATO RESEARCH INSTITUTE (CPRI):

Interested/eligible candidates should submit their application along with the attested copies of educational qualification (provisional degree of Masters and Ph.D is mandatory )/experience certificates and one passport size photograph to the Asstt. Admn. Officer(E-I), CPRI, Shimla-171001 at 9.30 AM on the date of interview. The candidates appearing for interview must bring original certificate with them and only those candidates possessing essential qualification as per advertisement will be interviewed. The Director, CPRI, Shimla reserves the right either to fill up the post or cancel the interview without assigning any reasons thereof. Application form is available in the website ( website: http//cpri.ernet.in). No TA/DA will be given by the Institute to the candidates. The Institute is located at Bemloe which is about 2 Kms from Main Bus Stand(Old)/3 Kms. from the Railway Station and about 5 Kms. from ISBT (Tutikandi).

A postdoctoral training position is currently available in the Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch (CSGB) of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). The position is located in the laboratory of Andy Baxevanis, Ph.D., whose research group uses comparative genomics approaches to better-understand the molecular innovations that drove the surge of diversity in early animal evolution. The overarching theme of Dr. Baxevanis’ research program is focused on how non-traditional animal models convey critical insights into human disease research.

Candidates should have or be close to obtaining a Ph.D. or equivalent degree in bioinformatics, computational biology, computer science, molecular biology, or a closely related field. Candidates with a background in evolutionary biology are particularly encouraged to apply. Programming skills and experience in the application of computational methods to genomic data are highly desirable. Applicants must possess good communication skills and be fluent in both spoken and written English. The ability to learn how to use new software and quickly become expert in its use, critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and the ability to work semi-independently are required.
How to Apply

Interested applicants should submit a curriculum vitae, a detailed letter of interest, and the names of three potential referees to Dr. Baxevanis at andy@mail.nih.gov.
About Our Organization

The NIH Intramural Research Program is on the Bethesda, Maryland campus and offers a wide array of training opportunities for scientists early in their careers. The funding for this position is stable and offers the trainee wide latitude in the design and pursuit of their research project. The successful candidate will have access to NHGRI’s established and robust bioinformatics infrastructure, as well as resources made available through NIH’s Center for Information Technology (CIT) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

For more information on CSGB and NHGRI’s Intramural Research Program, please see http://genome.gov/DIR/.

ESSENTIAL QUALIFICATION: PH.D. DEGREE IN LIFE SCIENCES / PHYSICAL SCIENCE.

Research Associate for Programme No. –I Specialization in the area of plant molecular biology or plant proteomic study or plant pathogen interaction.
Research Associate for Programme No. –I Specialization in the area of plant / fungal Biotechnology, tissue culture and molecular biology
Research Associate for Programme No. –III Specialization in the area of structural biology and protein crystallography.
Research Associate for Programme No. – V Specialization in the area of microbial physiology (metabolism) or environmental microbiology, with experience in microbial genomics and proteomics.
Research Associate for Programme No. – VII Specialization in the area of Theoretical High Energy Astrophysics or Astroparticle Physics. Proven record of independent research experience in Astrophysical
Radiation Magnetohydrodynamics or Cosmic Ray Astrophysics. Experience in numerical techniques and /or date analysis would be additional advantage.
Associateship : 22,000/- p.m., plus admissible H.R.A. and Medical benefit.
Age: Below 3 Age : Below 35 years (Relaxable in case of SC/ST/OBC/Women candidates only as per rule).
SELECTION PROCEDURE FOR BOSE INSTITUTE- RESEARCH ASSOCIATE POST:

Candidates can apply on or before 13/4/2015.
No detailed information about the selection procedure is mentioned in the recruitment notification.
HOW TO APPLY FOR RESEARCH ASSOCIATE VACANCY IN BOSE INSTITUTE:

Interested and eligible candidates may read the application procedures and instructions carefully before applying through online as well as submitting the hard copy of the same. Candidates those who has submitted their Ph.D. Thesis and can produce Provisional Ph.D. Certificate at the time of Interview may also apply

Ref
Bose Institute Recruitment 2015 – ADVT. NO. : BI/IF/35/2014-15.

Walk in for Research Asst & Programmer Posts: Enterovirus Research Centre, Mumbai, Indian Council of Medical Research has issued notification for the recruitment of Research Asst & Programmer vacancies on temporary basis for the project entitled “An Atlas of Non-Polio Enterovirus Types Isolated from Cases of Acute Flaccid Paralysis in India”. Eligible candidates may walk in on 20-04-2015 from 10:00 AM to 12:00 Noon. Other details like age limit, educational qualification, how to apply are given below…

Enterovirus Research Centre Mumbai Vacancy Details:
Total No. of Posts: 04
Name of the Posts:
1. Research Assistant: 03 Posts
2. Programmer: 01 Post

Age Limit: Candidates age should below 28 years. Age relaxations are applicable as per rules.

Educational Qualification: Candidates should have M.Sc (1st Class) in Microbiology/ Bioinformatics/ Biotechnology/ Life Science for post 1, BE/ B.Tech/ MCA for post 2.

Selection Process: Candidates are selected based on their performance in interview.

How to Apply: Eligible candidates may attend for interview along with original certificates, CV, attested copies of relevant certificates, one recent passport size photograph duly affixed on right side of application at Enterovirus Research Centre, Mumbai, Indian Council of Medical Research, Haffkine Institute Cmpound, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai-400012 on 20-04-2015 from 10:00 AM to 12:00 Noon.

Important Dates:
Date & Time of Interview: 20-04-2015 from 10:00 AM to 12:00 Noon.
Registration Time: 12:00 Noon.

Important Date & Details

Closing Date for Registration: 10 May 2015

Details of Post

Name of Post: Junior Research Fellow- 04 Posts

Pay Scale: Rs. 12,000 or 16,00+ HRA Post Graduate degree with NET (16,000+HRA) Post Graduate Degree (12,000+HRA)

Eligibility Criteria: M.Sc. in Microbiology/Marine Microbiology/ Marine Biotechnology/Biotechnology/Bioinformatics/Zoology or equivalent degree with minimum 60% marks or equivalent grade

Age Limit- Not more than 28 years

Organisation Name: Savitribai Phule Pune University
Eligibility for the post:

Selection Procedure: The selection procedure is through personal interview. No TA/DA will be paid for appearing in the interview.

How to Apply: The candidates may send their application along with CV to the Head Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule University on or before 10 May 2015.

Position 1: Traineeship
Monthly fellowship (in rupee): 5,000/-
No. of vacancies: Two
Required Qualification: First Class M.Sc Bioinformatics/ Biotechnology/ Botany

Position 2: Studentship
Monthly fellowship (in rupee): 5,000/-
No. of vacancies: Two
Required Qualification: M.Phil/M.Tech Bioinformatics/ Biotechnology/ any branch of Life Science students for doing their thesis work in the area of Bioinformatics.

Age limit as on 1.1.2015, 28 years. Age relaxation will be provided for SC, ST, OBC candidates as per Govt. norms.

Interested candidates may appear for walk-in-interview on 15th May 2015 at 10.30 am at JNTBGRI, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram. The candidate should report to the Office at Palode before 10.00 am.

More at http://jntbgri.res.in/news/appointment-of-two-traineeships-and-two-studentships-in-bioinformatics/