BOL: Related items

Python Education Material

Jitendra Narayan — Wed, 10 Jul 2013 16:38:23 -0500

Google provide free class for people with a little bit of programming experience who want to learn Python. The google python class includes written materials, lecture videos, and lots of code exercises to practice Python coding. These materials are used within Google to introduce Python to people who have just a little programming experience.

Find more @ https://developers.google.com/edu/python/

Environment for Tree Exploration (ETE) is a Python programming toolkit that assists in the recontruction, manipulation, analysis and visualization of phylogenetic trees

Rahul Nayak — Wed, 27 Nov 2019 05:32:33 -0600

The Environment for Tree Exploration (ETE) is a Python programming toolkit that assists in the recontruction, manipulation, analysis and visualization of phylogenetic trees (although clustering trees or any other tree-like data structure are also supported).

Other tools

https://github.com/shenwei356/taxonkit

ETE, version: 3.1.1
BioPython, version: 1.73
taxadb, version: 0.10.1
TaxonKit, version: 0.5.0

Address of the bookmark: https://pypi.org/project/ete3/3.1.1/

Flanker

Rahul Nayak — Sat, 27 Feb 2021 22:04:53 -0600

Flanker, a Python package which performs alignment-free clustering of gene flanking sequences in a consistent format, allowing investigation of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) without prior knowledge of their structure. Flanker can be flexibly parameterised to finetune outputs by characterising upstream and downstream regions separately and investigating variable lengths of flanking sequence.

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/wtmatlock/flanker

XAMPP: Starting Apache fail Ubuntu

Ram Yash Pal — Sat, 07 Jun 2014 05:52:35 -0500

Once you install XAMMP on linux, the most common problem you face is Apache failure. To fix the issues please use following command to first stop and then again start it.

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd stop

sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start

PhpMyAdmin “Wrong permissions on configuration file, should not be world writable!”

Once the Xammp is installed, it might be possible to set up the configuration file in writable mode. Try the following steps:

Just chmod 0755 the file

sudo chmod 0755 config.inc.php

jobTree based python wrapper to run the genome simulation tool suite Evolver

Jit — Fri, 08 Dec 2017 16:26:32 -0600

evolverSimControl (eSC) can be used to simulate multi-chromosome genome evolution on an arbitrary phylogeny (Newick format). In addition to simply running evolver, eSC also automatically creates statistical summaries of the simulation as it runs including text and image files. Also included are convenience scripts to: check on a running simulation and see detailed status and logging information; extract fasta sequence files from the leaf nodes of a completed simulation; extract pairwise multiple alignment files (.maf) from leaf and branch nodes from a completed simulation and with the help of mafJoin, join them together into a single maf covering the entire simulation.

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/dentearl/evolverSimControl

Genomic Medicine - Bruce Korf (2014)

Tue, 24 Jun 2014 07:58:44 -0500

May 21, 2014 - Current Topics in Genome Analysis 2014 A lecture series covering contemporary areas in genomics and bioinformatics. More: http://www.genome.gov/COURSE2014

tinycov: standalone command line utility written in python to plot coverage from a BAM file

Jit — Mon, 23 Mar 2020 06:22:08 -0500

Tinycov is a small standalone command line utility written in python to plot the coverage of a BAM file quickly. This software was inspired by Matt Edwards' genome coverage plotter.

To install the stable version: pip3 install --user tinycov

To install the development version:

git clone https://github.com/cmdoret/tinycov.git
cd tinycov
pip install .

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/cmdoret/tinycov

Type of SSR

BioStar — Thu, 09 Mar 2023 04:35:41 -0600

Types of SSRs (simple sequence repeats), SSRs are short DNA sequences consisting of a tandem repeat of a few nucleotides, typically 2-6 nucleotides in length. There are different types of SSRs based on the length and pattern of the repeated sequence, as well as the presence or absence of interruptions of non-repeated nucleotides within the repeat array. The four types of SSRs are:

Perfect SSR: This is the simplest type of SSR, where the same repeat motif is present adjacent to each other without any interruption of any other nucleotide. For example, a perfect SSR with the repeat motif "CAT" would be "CATCATCATCAT", where the "CAT" sequence is repeated four times.
Imperfect SSR: This type of SSR contains repeat motifs that are interrupted by one or a few non-repeat nucleotides. For example, an imperfect SSR with the repeat motif "CAT" would be "CATCATGGCATCATCAT", where the "CAT" sequence is repeated twice, but interrupted by "GG".
Compound perfect SSR: This type of SSR contains two or more repeat motifs lying adjacent to each other, separated by no or very few intervening nucleotides. For example, a compound perfect SSR with the repeat motifs "CAT" and "GTC" would be "CATCATCATGTCGTC", where the "CAT" sequence is repeated three times, followed by the "GTC" sequence repeated twice.
Compound imperfect SSR: This type of SSR contains two or more repeat motifs interrupted by several non-repeat nucleotides. For example, a compound imperfect SSR with the repeat motifs "CAT" and "GTC" would be "CATCATCATNNNNNNNGTCGTCGTC", where the "CAT" sequence is repeated three times, interrupted by several non-repeat nucleotides, followed by the "GTC" sequence repeated three times.

Dynamic chromosome breakpoints !!!

Jitendra Narayan — Wed, 13 Aug 2014 18:38:10 -0500

Cell division involves the distribution of identical genetic material, DNA, to two daughters’ cells. During this process, duplicated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) goes through a condensation and decondensation process. This is followed by nuclear envelope dissolution, mitotic spindle assembly, migration of the sister chromatid pairs to the metaphase plate, division and segregation of identical sets of chromosomes into daughter nuclei and nuclear envelope reformation.

The vital metaphase stage of cell division, when the sister chromatids migrated to the centre and lined up in a row, and pulled apart using attached microtubules in such a way that half the DNA ends up in each daughter cell. However, before the mitotic spindle‐mediated movement gets start and pulled DNA apart, the chromosomes are free to undergo recombination which involves the exchange of genetic material either between multiple chromosomes or between different regions of the same chromosome.

During recombination, the precise breakage of each strand, exchange between the strands, and sealing of the resulting recombined molecules happens. The “chromosomal breakpoints” refers to these places where they break. Mostly, this process occurs with a high degree of accuracy at high frequency in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. But occasionally this “break and sealing/ break and reattach” process goes wrong and the reattachment happens in the wrong place which usually create disaster (with few exceptions).These chromosome disaster or abnormalities involve the gain, loss or rearrangement of visible amounts of genetic material during cell division. These abnormalities are of two type, the first one is numerical abnormalities where severe disorders are caused by the loss or gain of whole chromosomes, which affect the copy number of hundreds or even thousands of genes. The second are structural abnormalities which can be unbalanced or balanced. The former are similar to numerical abnormalities in that genetic material is either gained or lost. The natural defects in chromosome segregation are linked to cancer and several genetic diseases (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_genetic_disorders). Therefore, the enzymes involved in regulating cell division are still the attractive drug targets for many diseases.

Apart from certain chromosome abnormalities, these “crossing over” of segments of maternal and paternal chromosomes to form hybrid chromosomes have some evolutionary importance and considered as a driver of genetic variation. Moreover, the chromosome breakage in evolution is considered to be non-random in nature(http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.0020014). In addition the study of breakpoint regions and non-breakpoint (stable) regions of chromosomes indicates both the regions evolved in distinctly different ways ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675965/). These breakage may lead to genetic diseases or participate to chromosomal rearranmgnets and contributed in development of new species.

I will try to explain the genome hotspots/Evolutionary Breakpoint Regions(EBRs)/fragile regions/weak fragments/ in my next blog.

Software for recombination detection:

RAT http://cbr.jic.ac.uk/dicks/software/RAT/

Breakpointer https://github.com/ruping/Breakpointer

DRP http://web.cbio.uct.ac.za/~darren/rdp.html

RB-finder http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18707535

LDhat2.0 http://ldhat.sourceforge.net/LDhat2.0/instructions.shtml

Reference:

http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-recombination-514#

Image: Wikipedia , sciencelearn.org.nz

Recommended Articles:

http://www.friendshipcircle.org/blog/2012/05/22/13-chromosomal-disorders-youve-never-heard-of/

http://web.udl.es/usuaris/e4650869/docencia/segoncicle/genclin98/recursos_classe_%28pdf%29/revisionsPDF/chromosyndromes.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775595/table/T2/

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/chromosomal/

http://www.ncert.nic.in/html/learning_basket/biology/cc&cd.pdf

JRF/SRF at University of Hyderabad

Fri, 17 Oct 2014 01:55:44 -0500

Applications are invited for the following post of Junior Research Fellow (temporary position coterminous with the project) under DBT funded research project on ““Understanding the functions of α1β1γ1/α2β1γ1 selective AMPK Modulators in dissecting the pharmacological role of these isozymes in metabolic diseases”

Qualified and interested candidates can send their curriculum vitae by e-mail to hr@drils.org on or before 27th October 2014 mention in the subject line of the mail the following code: AMPK-Biology.

Selected candidates will be called for a personal interview to Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad. The selected candidate is expected to report within two weeks from the date of selection to start work on the project.

Junior Research Fellowship (Molecular Modeling/Biology) for two years and Senior Research fellowship for one year

Junior Research Fellowship: Rs. 15,600/- (consolidated) per month for first two years.
Senior Research Fellowship: Rs. 18,200/-(consolidated) per month for the 3rd year.

Duration: The duration of the fellowship is for three years. However, the performance of the candidate will be reviewed after the completion of every year and the fellowship will be renewed only upon satisfactory performance.

Responsibilities:

1) Literature search.
2) Design, plan and execute experiments under the supervision of the scientist.
3) Provide scientific support to the scientist in his/her research activities.
4) Book keeping and maintenance of stocks and consumables.

Essential Qualifications:

Required: M.Sc. in Microbiology/Biotechnology/Bioinformatics or any other related branch of basic Sciences from a recognized university/institute with a consistent academic record of minimum 60% aggregate in all qualifying examinations. The candidate should be NET qualified for lectureship. The candidate should be motivated to work with dedication.

Desirable: expertise/experience in both Molecular Modeling and Molecular Biology.

Experience: 0-2 years in the areas of Molecular Modeling and/or Molecular Biology and cell biology and Biochemistry.

Preferable: Relevant research experience as evident from thesis/dissertation/project work.

Advertisement: http://www.ilsresearch.org/userfiles/Junior%20REsearch%20Fellowship%20-%20AMPK(Biology).pdf