SynVisio requires two files to run:

• The simplified gff file that was used as an input for a McScanX query.
• The collinearity file generated as an output by McScanX for the same input query.
• Optional track file in bedgraph format to annotate the generated charts.

SynVisio offers different types of visualizations such as Linear Parallel plots, Hive plots, Stacked Parallel Plots and Dot plots. Users can configure the type of plots required and then choose the source and the target chromosomes that need to be mapped. Users also have option to download the generated visualizations in publication ready SVG or PNG formats.

Address of the bookmark: https://synvisio.github.io/#/

http://www.putonti-lab.com/uploads/4/5/3/0/45307835/s-plot2_tutorial.pdf

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1176934318797354

Address of the bookmark: https://bitbucket.org/lkalesinskas/splot

R script that makes a plotly interactive and/or static (png/pdf) dot plot.

Shiny app available for testing

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/tpoorten/dotPlotly

To create single-genome plot by aligning genome data along all chromosomes of a single genome, go to the Single-genome plot menu.

To cretae two-genome plot for comparison of data across two genomes, go to the Two-genome plot menu.

For the detail format of input data, check the Input data format submenu of the Help menu.

shinyChromosome is deployed at http://150.109.59.144:3838/shinyChromosome/, http://shinyChromosome.ncpgr.cn, and https://yimingyu.shinyapps.io/shinyChromosome for online use. The source code and manual of shinyChromosome are freely available at https://github.com/venyao/shinyChromosome.

https://yimingyu.shinyapps.io/shinychromosome/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1672022919301883

Address of the bookmark: https://yimingyu.shinyapps.io/shinychromosome/

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd stop

sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start

PhpMyAdmin “Wrong permissions on configuration file, should not be world writable!”

Once the Xammp is installed, it might be possible to set up the configuration file in writable mode. Try the following steps:

Just chmod 0755 the file

sudo chmod 0755 config.inc.php

Check out the detail at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MN908947

The vital metaphase stage of cell division, when the sister chromatids migrated to the centre and lined up in a row, and pulled apart using attached microtubules in such a way that half the DNA ends up in each daughter cell. However, before the mitotic spindle‐mediated movement gets start and pulled DNA apart, the chromosomes are free to undergo recombination which involves the exchange of genetic material either between multiple chromosomes or between different regions of the same chromosome.

During recombination, the precise breakage of each strand, exchange between the strands, and sealing of the resulting recombined molecules happens. The “chromosomal breakpoints” refers to these places where they break. Mostly, this process occurs with a high degree of accuracy at high frequency in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. But occasionally this “break and sealing/ break and reattach” process goes wrong and the reattachment happens in the wrong place which usually create disaster (with few exceptions).These chromosome disaster or abnormalities involve the gain, loss or rearrangement of visible amounts of genetic material during cell division. These abnormalities are of two type, the first one is numerical abnormalities  where severe disorders are caused by the loss or gain of whole chromosomes, which affect the copy number of hundreds or even thousands of genes. The second are structural abnormalities which can be unbalanced or balanced. The former are similar to numerical abnormalities in that genetic material is either gained or lost. The natural defects in chromosome segregation are linked to cancer and several genetic diseases (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_genetic_disorders). Therefore, the enzymes involved in regulating cell division are still the attractive drug targets for many diseases.

Apart from certain chromosome abnormalities, these “crossing over” of segments of maternal and paternal chromosomes to form hybrid chromosomes have some evolutionary importance and considered as a driver of genetic variation. Moreover, the chromosome breakage in evolution is considered to be non-random in nature(http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.0020014). In addition the study of breakpoint regions and non-breakpoint (stable) regions of chromosomes indicates both the regions evolved in distinctly different ways ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675965/). These breakage may lead to genetic diseases or participate to chromosomal rearranmgnets and contributed in development of new species.

I will try to explain the genome hotspots/Evolutionary Breakpoint Regions(EBRs)/fragile regions/weak fragments/  in my next blog.

Software for recombination detection:

RAT http://cbr.jic.ac.uk/dicks/software/RAT/

Breakpointer https://github.com/ruping/Breakpointer

DRP http://web.cbio.uct.ac.za/~darren/rdp.html

RB-finder http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18707535

LDhat2.0 http://ldhat.sourceforge.net/LDhat2.0/instructions.shtml

Reference:

http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-recombination-514#

Image: Wikipedia , sciencelearn.org.nz

Recommended Articles:

http://www.friendshipcircle.org/blog/2012/05/22/13-chromosomal-disorders-youve-never-heard-of/

http://web.udl.es/usuaris/e4650869/docencia/segoncicle/genclin98/recursos_classe_%28pdf%29/revisionsPDF/chromosyndromes.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775595/table/T2/

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/chromosomal/

http://www.ncert.nic.in/html/learning_basket/biology/cc&cd.pdf

Orange Bioinformatics provides access to publicly available data, like GEO data sets, Biomart, GO, KEGG, Atlas, ArrayExpress, and PIPAx database. As for the analytics, there is gene selection, quality control, scoring distances between experiments with multiple factors. All features can be combined with powerful visualization, network exploration and data mining techniques from the Orange data mining framework.

Address of the bookmark: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Orange-Bioinformatics/2.5.34

Qualified and interested candidates can send their curriculum vitae by e-mail to hr@drils.org on or before 27th October 2014 mention in the subject line of the mail the following code: AMPK-Biology.

Selected candidates will be called for a personal interview to Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad. The selected candidate is expected to report within two weeks from the date of selection to start work on the project.

Junior Research Fellowship (Molecular Modeling/Biology) for two years and Senior Research fellowship for one year

Junior Research Fellowship: Rs. 15,600/- (consolidated) per month for first two years.
Senior Research Fellowship: Rs. 18,200/-(consolidated) per month for the 3rd year.

Duration: The duration of the fellowship is for three years. However, the performance of the candidate will be reviewed after the completion of every year and the fellowship will be renewed only upon satisfactory performance.

Responsibilities:

1) Literature search.
2) Design, plan and execute experiments under the supervision of the scientist.
3) Provide scientific support to the scientist in his/her research activities.
4) Book keeping and maintenance of stocks and consumables.

Essential Qualifications:

Required: M.Sc. in Microbiology/Biotechnology/Bioinformatics or any other related branch of basic Sciences from a recognized university/institute with a consistent academic record of minimum 60% aggregate in all qualifying examinations. The candidate should be NET qualified for lectureship. The candidate should be motivated to work with dedication.

Desirable: expertise/experience in both Molecular Modeling and Molecular Biology.

Experience: 0-2 years in the areas of Molecular Modeling and/or Molecular Biology and cell biology and Biochemistry.

Preferable: Relevant research experience as evident from thesis/dissertation/project work.

Advertisement: http://www.ilsresearch.org/userfiles/Junior%20REsearch%20Fellowship%20-%20AMPK(Biology).pdf