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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/22793?offset=240</link>
	<atom:link href="https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/22793?offset=240" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/23626/walk-ins-for-ra-jrf-and-srf-post-in-nbagr-karnal</guid>
  <pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2015 18:50:07 -0500</pubDate>
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  <title><![CDATA[Walk-ins for RA, JRF and SRF post in NBAGR, Karnal]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>ICAR-NATIONAL BUREAU OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES<br />Near Basant Vihar G.T. Road Bypass P.O. Box No.129,<br />Karnal-132001 (Haryana)</p>

<p>A walk-in-Interview is proposed to be held at National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal (Haryana)-132001 at 10:30 AM on 19.08.2015 to select One Research Associate &amp; Three Senior Research Fellow as per details given below:</p>

<p>Name of the project &amp; project period: ICAR Consortium Platform on Genomics.</p>

<p>The post duration is Upto 31.03.2017 or earlier &amp; Co-terminus with the project.</p>

<p>Upto 31.03.2017 or earlier and Coterminus with the project</p>

<p>Essential Qualifications: PhD degree in Bioinformatics OR Master’s degree in Bioinformatics with 4 years/5 years of Bachelor’s degree having 1st division or 60% marks or equivalent overall grade point average, with at least two years of research experience as evidenced from Fellowship/Associateship</p>

<p>Desirable: Working experience in Next Generation Sequencing data analysis</p>

<p>Emolument: Research Associates may be fixed at a consolidated amount at one of the two pay levels given below depending upon the qualification &amp; experience.</p>

<p>I. Research Associate – Master Degree Holders Rs. 38,000/ + HRA II. Research Associate – Doctoral Degree Holder Rs. 40,000/ + HRA</p>

<p>Senior Research Fellow: Two:- Bioinformatics One: - Biotechnology.</p>

<p>Duration of engagement: Upto 31.03.2017 or earlier and Coterminus with the project</p>

<p>Essential Qualifications: Master degree in any one of discipline/ Subjects- Biotechnology/Bioinformatics with 4 years/5 years of Bachelor’s degree.</p>

<p>Candidates having post graduate degree in above mentioned subjects with 3 years Bachelor’s degree should have NET qualification.</p>

<p>Desirable: The candidates should have zeal to work in R environment and NGS data analysis Emolument: Rs. 28,000/- per month + HRA as per admissibility</p>

<p>Age Limit: 1. 40 year for Men and 45 years for Women in case of RA on the date of Interview. 2. 35 year for Men and 40 years for Women in case of SRF on the date of Interview. (Relaxation for SC/ST/OBC and PHC as per GOI/ICAR rules) The above positions are purely temporary and will be filled in on Contractual basis. The selected candidate shall have no right/claim for regular appointment at this Institute, as the engagement is co-terminus with the Project/Scheme.</p>

<p>Interested candidates may attend Walk-in-Interview at 10:30 AM on 19.08.2015 alongwith original certificates and typed bio-data with one set of attested copies of each their certificates with passport size photograph. No TA/DA will be paid for attending the interview. All eligible candidates are advised to be present at least 30 minutes before scheduled time on the date of interview for completing necessary formalities. Canvassing in any form will disqualify the candidates. </p>

<p>More at http://210.212.93.85/Advertisiment3.pdf</p>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/21794/research-associate-biotechnology-bioinformatics-in-national-research-centre-on-plant-biotechnology-%E2%80%93-new-delhi</guid>
  <pubDate>Sun, 29 Mar 2015 21:13:14 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Research Associate (Biotechnology, Bioinformatics) In National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology – New Delhi]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Pay Scale:Rs.24000+ 30% HRA) for Ph.D. and for M. Sc Rs.23000/‐ (+ 30% HRA)<br />Educational Requirements:Ph.D. Degree in Bioinformatics/Molecular Biology/Biotechnology/ Genetics/allied sciences; or M. Sc in Bioinformatics/ Biotechnology/Life Sciences/ allied sciences with 1st division or 60% marks or equivalent overall grade point average with at least two years of research experience as evidenced from Fellowship/ Associate ship<br />Experience Requirements:2 years research experience in bioinformatic data analysis/molecular biology techniques, and high throughput DNA/RNA sequencing, and transcriptome data analysis. Research paper with IF&gt;1 will be desirable<br />+Details will be available at: http://www.nrcpb.org/sites/default/files/ICAR-NPTC%20DBT%20RA%20SRF%20interview%2024th%20March.pdf</p>

<p>No of Post: 01<br />How To Apply: Walk-in interview will be held on 24-03-2015 at 10:00 AM at NRCPB, New Delhi for filling Research Associate and Senior Research Fellow positions as mentioned below. The positions are temporary and are initially offered for a period of one year. Details such as emoluments, qualifications, application format etc., are given below. Desirous candidates should report for interview latest by 10:30 AM with the application in the prescribed format, copies and originals of certificates, thesis and documents. No TA/DA will be provided for attending the interview<br />General Instructions: The positions are purely temporary, on a contractual basis and are initially offered for one year. The period and duration of the scheme is tentative and the same may change. The person employed will have no right to claim employment or engagement in ICAR at the end of the contract period. No TA/DA will be provided for appearing in the interview. Persons already in employment should bring “No Objection Certificate” from their present employer. The candidates must bring with them five copies of the CV in the format given below along with original documents such as t h e s i s , degree certificates, marks sheets, publications, experience certificate etc. for verification and one set of self attested copy of all certificates. The decision of the Project Director of this Institute will be final and binding in all aspects. In case of any disputes, it will be resolved within the jurisdiction of New Delhi Court only.<br />Detail of Interview: 24-03-2015<br />Age Limit: 35 Years<br />Contact Details: Ph: 011-25848783; Fax: 25843984</p>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/22147/research-associate-bioinformatics-job-position-in-nipgr</guid>
  <pubDate>Sun, 19 Apr 2015 14:55:19 -0500</pubDate>
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  <title><![CDATA[Research Associate Bioinformatics job position in NIPGR]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>NIPGR Recruitment 2015 – Apply for Research Associate Posts</p>

<p>NIPGR is commonly known as National Institute of Plant Genome Research. Recently, it’s great opportunity for those candidates who are interested to do job in NIPGR. National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR) had found to build a bridge between the branches of natural sciences and due this connection it is steeping on the heaps of success. Its objectives to preserve, research, production and the advancement in the trait are very clear and also being appreciated by the nation and had been contributing for the further enrichment of the institute. NIPGR had announced the recruitment to further make improvements and amendments by the young potential in their panel. The recruitment is being announced for the post is mentioned below. We are giving a complete information to applicants for find their eligibility as per desired post under NIPGR Recruitment 2015 project but if the candidates are not satisfied with this information then they can download an official advertisement of NIPGR recruitment 2015 from the link defined ahead under the head of reference.</p>

<p>NIPGR Recruitment 2015 for the 1 post of Research Associate: National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR) had instigated the progression of the recruitment and this process is linked thoroughly so as the 1 post of Research Associate. Applicants are associated and linked with the education to be PHD degree in the life science, biotechnology, bioinformatics or molecular biology. Applicants are associated with the dispatch of the application along with the required certificates so as on the date of 24th Feb 2015.</p>

<p>The recruitment notification and application @ http://www.nipgr.res.in/careers/vacancies_latest.php#</p>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/22024/research-associate-bioinformatics-job-position-in-indian-agricultural-statistics-research-institute-iasri-pusa-new-delhi</guid>
  <pubDate>Tue, 14 Apr 2015 11:57:13 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Research Associate Bioinformatics job position in Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI), Pusa, New Delhi]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute is inviting applications from indian citizens for recruiting following posts:</p>

<p>Vacancies:<br />Research Associate-02<br />Age Limits:<br />Candidates age limit should be not more than 40 years as on date of interview.<br />Qualification:<br />Candidates should possess Ph.D in Bioinformatics/Agricultural Statistics/Statistics/Computer Science/Computer Application or equivalent.<br />Selection Process:<br />Selection will be based on interview.<br />How to Apply:<br />Eligible candidates may attend for interview along with application in prescribed format, recent passport size photograph pasted on the application form, bio-data, original certificates and self attested copies of relevant documents, all experience certificates, testimonials etc, held at Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi on 18-04-2015 at 10:30 AM.<br />Last Date:<br />18-04-2015</p>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/22234/national-institute-of-biologicals-recruitment-2015</guid>
  <pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2015 19:44:45 -0500</pubDate>
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  <title><![CDATA[National Institute of Biologicals Recruitment 2015]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>National Institute of Biologicals (NIB), Noida<br />Job Code: 260415(04)Y</p>

<p>National Institute of Biologicals (NIB), Noida invites applications to recruit on vacant posts of Scientist, Training Officer, Administrative Assistant, Stenographer, Junior Engineer, Computer Operator etc. Applications against these Government Jobs can be submitted on or before 01 July 2015.</p>

<p>NIB Vacancy 2015 Details<br />1. Scientist Grade III – 06<br />Qualification: PG degree in the concern field.<br />Age Limit: 35 Years</p>

<p>2. Junior Scientist – 07<br />Qualification: M.Sc. in Microbiology / Clinical Microbiology / Biotechnology/ Bioinformatics/ Biochemistry/Bacteriology/Pharmacology/ Serology / Molecular Biology/Physiology from any recognized University with at least 60% marks.<br />Age Limit: 30 Years</p>

<p>How to Apply: Duly filled-in applications in prescribed application format along with copies of required documents should be reach to: Administrative Officer, National Institute of Biologicals (Ministry of Health &amp; Family Welfare), A-32, Sector-62, Institutional Area, Noida-201309. Click here to obtain application form.</p>

<p>The Last Date to apply to NIB Job is 01 July 2015.</p>

<p>Click here to view details http://nib.gov.in/Advt%20%20%2824.04.2015%29.pdf</p>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/22429/walk-ins-for-jrf-ans-srf-post-in-nirrh-mumbai</guid>
  <pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2015 19:04:57 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Walk-ins for JRF ans SRF post in NIRRH, Mumbai]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Title of project- "EXPLORING THE HINGE AND TRANSMEMBRANE REGION OF HUMAN FSHR FOR DESIGN OF SMALL MOLECULE AND PEPTIDOMIMETIC MODULATORS"<br />Name of the Post- Junior Research Fellow<br />No. of vacancy- One<br />Stipend- Rs. 25000/ +30% HRA<br />Essential qualification- Candidate should be Post Graduate Degree in Life Sciences / Bioinformatics /Pharmacology/ Chemistry or any other relevant area of Biology or Graduate Degree in Professional Course with NET qualification or Post Graduate Degree in Professional Course.<br />Desirable- Candidate with Good knowledge of protein structures, docking, MD simulations will be preferred.<br />Age Limit- Not exceeding 28 Years<br />Duration of project- Upto May 2018</p>

<p>Title of project- "Analysis of the structures of known antimicrobial peptides using machine learning algorithms and molecular dynamics simulations".<br />Name of the Post- Senior Research Fellow<br />No. of vacancy- One<br />Stipend- Rs. 14000/ +30% HRA<br />Essential qualification- Candidate should be having M.Sc. degree in Life Sciences / Bioinformatics / Pharmacology/ Chemistry or any other relevant area of Biology and 2 years of research experience.<br />Desirable- Candidate with Good knowledge of protein structures, docking, MD simulations will be preferred.<br />Age Limit- Not exceeding 35 Years<br />Duration of project- Upto April 2016<br />How to Apply- Interested candidates can download the application form from below mentioned link- http://www.nirrh.res.in/links/BiodataForm.pdf<br />Candidate must bring the filled up application form along with all the relevant documents in original and one set of attested photocopies of the same and one passport size recent colour photograph.</p>

<p>Ref. - http://www.nirrh.res.in/links/job_jrf-srf.htm</p>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/22286/jrf-bioinformatics-pune-university</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2015 06:21:09 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[JRF Bioinformatics @ Pune University]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Pune University is inviting applications from indian citizens for recruiting following posts:</p>

<p>Vacancies:<br />Junior Research Fellow-04<br />Age Limits:<br />Candidates age should be not more than 28 years.<br />Qualification:<br />Candidates should possess M.Sc in Microbiology/ Marine microbiology/Marine Biotechnology/ Bioinformatics/Zoology or equivalent degree with minimum 60% marks.<br />Selection Process:<br />Shortlisted candidates will be called for interview.<br />How to Apply:<br />Eligible candidates may send their applications in the prescribed format along with CV in an envelope should be superscribed as the "Application for the post of JRF" to Head Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University on or before 10-05-2015.<br />Last Date:<br />10-05-2015</p>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/22436/ra-bioinformatics-at-national-bureau-of-animal-genetic-resources</guid>
  <pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2015 19:25:33 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[RA Bioinformatics at NATIONAL BUREAU OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>NATIONAL BUREAU OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES</p>

<p>Near Basant Vihar G.T. Road Bypass P.O. Box No.129</p>

<p>Karnal - 132001 (Haryana)</p>

<p>WALK-IN-INTERVIEW</p>

<p>A walk-in-Interview is proposed to be held at National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal (Haryana)-132001 at 10:30 AM on 10.06.2015 to select One Research Associate as per details given below:</p>

<p>1. One post of Research Associate under National Fellow project entitled “Genome data mining to unravel molecular basis of thermotolerance and adaptation to diverse environments in native cattle and buffaloes”.</p>

<p>The post duration is Upto 22.05.2016 or earlier &amp; Co-terminus with the project.</p>

<p>Essential Qualifications: Master’s degree (M.Sc. / M.V.Sc.) in Biotechnology/ Animal Genetics and Breeding/ Life Sciences/ Bioinformatics with 2 Years research experience in relevant subject or Ph.D in any of the above subjects.</p>

<p>Desirable: Working Experience in molecular biology, gene expression/ microarray data analysis, SNP genotyping and sequence data analysis, mammalian cell-culture handling etc.</p>

<p>Emolument: Rs. 23,000/- per month + HRA as per admissibility</p>

<p>Research Associate: ONE</p>

<p>Duration of engagement: Upto 22.05.2016 or earlier Co-terminus with the project</p>

<p>Age Limit:  40 years for Men  45 years for women as on date of interview</p>

<p>Note: Relaxation in age will be admissible for SC/ST &amp; OBC candidates as per Govt. of India /ICAR norms</p>

<p>1. The applicants must bring with them original documents and brief of research work done during post graduation along with a set of photocopy and latest two passport size photographs. 2. A panel of selected candidates will also be made which may be utilized for filling of positions of shorter durations in future if demand arises. 3. Experience certificate in original, if any 4. The above positions are purely on temporary basis and are coterminus with the project. No TA/DA will be paid to attend the interview. 5. Any other clarifications can be had on the date of interview. 6. The Director’s decision will be final and binding on all respects.</p>

<p>Advertisement: http://210.212.93.85/RAadvertisiment.pdf</p>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/22615/jrf-position-%E2%80%93-bioinformatics-department-aravind-medical-research-foundation-amrf-madurai</guid>
  <pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2015 05:42:12 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[JRF Position – Bioinformatics Department, Aravind Medical Research Foundation (AMRF), Madurai.]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Applications are invited from eligible candidates for the post of Junior Research Fellow (JRF) to work at the Department of Bioinformatics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation in the following DST-SERB funded project “Clinical exome analysis pipeline for eye disease next-generation sequencing panel”.</p>

<p>Post: Junior Research Fellow (1 Position)</p>

<p>Duration: Three years</p>

<p>Qualification: First class in M.Sc/M.tech in Bioinformatics/Life Sciences/Biophysics/ Biostatistics/Bioengineering. Experience in Database development, NGS data analysis, Systems Biology and Structural Bioinformatics is desired. Preference will be given to the candidates with good computer programming skills in C, C++, R, Perl, PHP, Unix Scripting etc.</p>

<p>Selected candidates will be paid fellowship as per existing DST norms.</p>

<p>How to apply:</p>

<p>Candidates are requested to apply through one of the two modes given below<br />1. Online application – Click here to submit the online application https://docs.google.com/forms/d/16h2GLnQ-Ny-tLtlgfY3Bx3sCjeHJE30cfhJaDqW_uRs/viewform?c=0&amp;w=1<br />2. Application forms can be downloaded from here.https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BwwJEudQStxFWXdNWXl4NWtDaWc/edit<br /> Filled in application form should be sent by post to Dr. D. Bharanidharan, Department of Bioinformatics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation No 1, Anna Nagar Madurai – 625 020,</p>

<p>Candidates should apply by online or submit their applications by post on or before 15th June, 2015. Only Short listed candidates will be called for an interview. No TA/DA will be paid.</p>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/33306/ancestral-sequence-reconstruction-asr-or-ancestral-genesequence-reconstructionresurrection-tools-to-study-molecular-evolution</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 30 May 2017 04:20:05 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/33306/ancestral-sequence-reconstruction-asr-or-ancestral-genesequence-reconstructionresurrection-tools-to-study-molecular-evolution</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) or ancestral gene/sequence reconstruction/resurrection tools to study molecular evolution]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span><strong>Ancestral sequence reconstruction</strong><span>&nbsp;(</span><strong>ASR</strong><span>) &ndash; also known as&nbsp;</span><strong>ancestral gene</strong><span>/</span><strong>sequence reconstruction</strong><span>/</span><strong>resurrection</strong><span>&nbsp;&ndash; is a technique used in the study of&nbsp;</span>molecular evolution<span>. The method consists of the synthesis of an ancestral&nbsp;</span>gene<span>&nbsp;and expression of the corresponding ancestral&nbsp;</span>protein<span>.&nbsp;</span><sup id="cite_ref-thornton_1-0"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestral_sequence_reconstruction#cite_note-thornton-1"></a></sup><span>The idea of protein 'resurrection' was suggested in 1963 by Pauling and Zuckerkandl.</span><sup id="cite_ref-2"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestral_sequence_reconstruction#cite_note-2"></a></sup><span>&nbsp;Some early efforts were made in the eighties-nineties, led by the laboratory of&nbsp;</span>Steven A. Benner<span>, showing the potential of this technique &ndash; one that only started to be fulfilled in the post-genomic era.</span><sup id="cite_ref-3"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestral_sequence_reconstruction#cite_note-3"></a></sup><span>&nbsp;Thanks to the improvement of algorithms and of better sequencing and synthesis techniques, the method was developed further in the early 2000s to allow the resurrection of a greater variety of and much more ancient genes.</span><sup id="cite_ref-4"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestral_sequence_reconstruction#cite_note-4"></a></sup><span>&nbsp;Over the last decade, ancestral protein resurrection has developed as a strategy to reveal the mechanisms and dynamics of protein evolution.&nbsp;</span></span></p><p><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/ASR_phylogeny.png/510px-ASR_phylogeny.png" alt="image" width="610" height="435" style="border: 0px; border: 0px;"></p><p><span>Following are the list of&nbsp;</span><strong style="font-size: 12.8px;">Ancestral /sequence/ reconstruction</strong><span>&nbsp;(</span><strong style="font-size: 12.8px;">ASR</strong><span>) tools:&nbsp;</span></p><p><a href="http://www.bx.psu.edu/miller_lab/car/" target="_blank" title="To inferCars official website"><span>inferCars</span></a></p><p><span><span><span><span><span>Reconstructs contiguous regions of an ancestral genome. Given information about adjacencies between conserved segments in each modern species, our goal is to infer segment order in the ancestral genome. To get a clean and precise statement of the problem, we formalize it using graph theory. We develop an algorithm that identifies a most parsimonious scenario for the history of each individual adjacency, although the whole-genome prediction is not guaranteed to optimize traditional measures like the number of breakpoints. We introduce weights to the graph edges to model the reliability of each adjacency.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><a href="http://paleogenomics.irmacs.sfu.ca/ANGES/" target="_blank" title="To ANGES official website">ANGES</a>:</span><a href="http://paleogenomics.irmacs.sfu.ca/ANGES/" target="_blank" title="To ANGES official website">reconstructing ANcestral GEnomeS maps</a></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span>A suite of Python programs that allows reconstructing ancestral genome maps from the comparison of the organization of extant-related genomes. ANGES can reconstruct ancestral genome maps for multichromosomal linear genomes and unichromosomal circular genomes. It implements methods inspired from techniques developed to compute physical maps of extant genomes.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><a href="http://virulence.molgen.mpg.de/cocos/" target="_blank" title="To Cocos official website"><span>Cocos</span></a></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Constructs phylogenies of multi-domain proteins. With a given species tree and domain phylogenies, the procedure infers the composition of ancestral multi-domain proteins. Cocos implements and extend a suggested algorithmic approach by Behzadi and Vingron in an easy-to-use program. Such method could be applied to reconstruction of partial homologous units such as bacterial operons or protein complexes.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><a href="https://github.com/msrosenberg/MySSP" target="_blank" title="To MySSP official website"><span>MySSP</span></a></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Constructs an initial DNA sequence at the root of the tree and simulates evolution across the tree using a variety of common models of DNA evolution. MySSP is a program for the simulation of DNA sequence evolution across a phylogenetic tree. It is designed for large-scale studies, including simulation of multiple replicates and outputs sequences into NEXUS, MEGA, or FASTA formats. MySSP has a fairly simple graphical user interface (GUI) for basic use, but also has a specialized batch script interpreter to allow for more complicated or large-scale simulations.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ckingsf/software/parana/" target="_blank" title="To PARANA official website">PARANA</a>:&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ckingsf/software/parana/" target="_blank" title="To PARANA official website">Parsimonious Ancestral Reconstruction And Network Analysis</a></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Performs parsimony based inference of ancestral biological networks. Given multiple extant networks and phylogenetic information relating extant nodes, PARANA finds a parsimonious set of ancestral interaction events (edge gains and losses) which explain the extant networks. The framework adopted by PARANA is able to represent network evolution under models that support gene duplication and loss and independent interaction gain and loss. The method works on both directed and undirected networks and can incorporate asymmetric interaction gain and loss costs. In contrast to previous approaches, PARANA does not require knowing the relative ordering of unrelated duplication events and thus, works on phylogenetic trees even where branch lengths are not provided.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><a href="http://www-labs.iro.umontreal.ca/~mabrouk/" target="_blank" title="To GapAdj official website">GapAdj</a>:&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www-labs.iro.umontreal.ca/~mabrouk/" target="_blank" title="To GapAdj official website">Gapped Adjacencies</a></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>A synteny-based method that is flexible enough to handle a model of evolution involving whole genome duplication events, in addition to rearrangements, gene insertions, and losses. Ancestral relationships between markers are defined in term of Gapped Adjacencies, i.e. pairs of markers separated by up to a given number of markers. It improves on a previous restricted to direct adjacencies, which revealed a high accuracy for adjacency prediction, but with the drawback of being overly conservative, i.e. of generating a large number of contiguous ancestral regions (CARs).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><a href="http://ancestors.bioinfo.uqam.ca/"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>ANCESTOR</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>A web server allowing one to easily and quickly perform the last three steps of the ancestral genome reconstruction procedure. Ancestors implements several alignment algorithms, an indel maximum likelihood solver and a context-dependent maximum likelihood substitution inference algorithm. The results presented by the server include the posterior probabilities for the last two steps of the ancestral genome reconstruction and the expected error rate of each ancestral base prediction.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><a href="http://bioinfo.lifl.fr/procars/" target="_blank" title="To ProCARs official website"><span>ProCARs</span></a></p><p>Reconstructs ancestral gene orders as contiguous ancestral regions (CARs) with a progressive homology-based method. ProCARs runs from a phylogeny tree (without branch lengths needed) with a marked ancestor and a block file. This homology-based method is based on iteratively detecting and assembling ancestral adjacencies, while allowing some micro-rearrangements of synteny blocks at the extremities of the progressively assembled CARs. The method starts with a set of blocks as the initial set of CARs, and detects iteratively the potential ancestral adjacencies between extremities of CARs, while building up the CARs progressively by adding, at each step, new non-conflicting adjacencies that induce the less homoplasy phenomenon. The species tree is used, in some additional internal steps, to compute a score for the remaining conflicting adjacencies, and to detect other reliable adjacencies, in order to reach completely assembled ancestral genomes.</p><p><a href="http://fastml.tau.ac.il/" target="_blank" title="To FastML official website"><span>FastML</span></a></p><p>A user-friendly tool for the reconstruction of ancestral sequences. FastML implements various novel features that differentiate it from existing tools: (i) FastML uses an indel-coding method, in which each gap, possibly spanning multiples sites, is coded as binary data. FastML then reconstructs ancestral indel states assuming a continuous time Markov process. FastML provides the most likely ancestral sequences, integrating both indels and characters; (ii) FastML accounts for uncertainty in ancestral states: it provides not only the posterior probabilities for each character and indel at each sequence position, but also a sample of ancestral sequences from this posterior distribution, and a list of the k-most likely ancestral sequences; (iii) FastML implements a large array of evolutionary models, which makes it generic and applicable for nucleotide, protein and codon sequences; and (iv) a graphical representation of the results is provided, including, for example, a graphical logo of the inferred ancestral sequences.</p><p><a href="http://rth.dk/resources/maxAlike/" target="_blank" title="To maxAlike official website"><span>maxAlike</span></a></p><p>Reconstructs a genomic sequence for a specific taxon based on sequence homologs in other species. The input is a multiple sequence alignment and a phylogenetic tree that also contains the target species. For this target species, the algorithm computes nucleotide probabilities at each sequence position. Consensus sequences are then reconstructed based on a certain confidence level.</p><p><span><span><a href="http://www.geneorder.org/server.php" target="_blank" title="To MLGO official website">MLGO</a>:&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.geneorder.org/server.php" target="_blank" title="To MLGO official website">Maximum Likelihood for Gene Order Analysis</a></span></p><p>A web tool for the reconstruction of phylogeny and/or ancestral genomes from gene-order data. MLGO was designed for analysis of large-scale genomic changes including not only rearrangements but also gene insertions, deletions and duplications. MLGO can be used to infer a phylogeny from genome rearrangement and gene order data, and can also obtain an estimation of ancestral genomes, given an input tree. MLGO takes the advantage of binary encoding on gene-order data, supports a fairly general model of genomic evolution (rearrangements plus duplications, insertions, and losses of genomic regions), and successfully accommodates itself into the framework of maximized likelihood.</p><p>Image Reference : Wiki</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
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