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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/26999?offset=620</link>
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	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	
	<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/43728/short-read-assembly-using-spades</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 31 Jan 2022 07:18:16 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/43728/short-read-assembly-using-spades</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Short-read assembly using Spades !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<h2 id="short-read-assembly-a-comparison">If we only had Illumina reads, we could also assemble these using the tool Spades.</h2><p>You can try this here, or try it later on your own data.</p><h2 id="get-data">Get data</h2><p>We will use the same Illumina data as we used above:</p><ul>
<li>illumina_R1.fastq.gz: the Illumina forward reads</li>
<li>illumina_R2.fastq.gz: the Illumina reverse reads</li>
</ul><h2 id="assemble">Assemble</h2><p>Run Spades:</p><div><pre>spades.py -1 illumina_R1.fastq.gz -2 illumina_R2.fastq.gz --careful --cov-cutoff auto -o spades_assembly_all_illumina
</pre></div><ul>
<li><code>-1</code>&nbsp;is input file of forward reads</li>
<li><code>-2</code>&nbsp;is input file of reverse reads</li>
<li><code>--careful</code>&nbsp;minimizes mismatches and short indels</li>
<li><code>--cov-cutoff auto</code>&nbsp;computes the coverage threshold (rather than the default setting, &ldquo;off&rdquo;)</li>
<li><code>-o</code>&nbsp;is the output directory</li>
</ul><h2 id="results">Results</h2><p>Move into the output directory and look at the contigs:</p><div><pre>infoseq contigs.fasta</pre></div>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhimanyu Singh</dc:creator>
</item>

<item>
  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/29886/research-officer-at-national-tea-research-foundation</guid>
  <pubDate>Fri, 18 Nov 2016 04:19:24 -0600</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Research Officer at National Tea Research Foundation]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>National Tea Research Foundation (NTRF) a registered body, requires qualified and experienced agricultural research scientist for contractual appointment as per details below :</p>

<p>Post Research Officer, NTRF, Kolkata</p>

<p>Essential Post Graduate degree in Life Science having special paper in Bioinformatics. Post Graduate degree in Bioinformatics.</p>

<p>Desirable Ph. D. in the area of computational biology or bioinformatics.</p>

<p>Job Experience Work experience on database development, capable to work independently and efficient in bioinformatics related project.</p>

<p>Job Responsibility</p>

<p>To develop database on various aspects of tea research.</p>

<p>Screening of the In-house projects of NTRF at the preliminary level.</p>

<p>Review and evaluation of In-house projects of NTRF. Technical monitoring of the In-house projects of NTRF.</p>

<p>Reviewing the final technical report of the In-house projects of NTRF.</p>

<p>Putting-up of same proposals for taking approval and sanction of the competent authority.</p>

<p>Physical and technical verification of the In-house projects of NTRF.</p>

<p>To assist in organizing seminars / workshops / meetings etc.</p>

<p>Interested candidate may appear for walk-in Interview on 17 th November, 2016</p>

<p>More Info :</p>

<p>http://www.teaboard.gov.in/pdf/Recruitment_for_the_post_of_Research_Officer_pdf7538.pdf</p>
]]></description>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43926/aun-a-new-metric-to-measure-assembly-contiguity</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 02 Aug 2022 01:18:47 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43926/aun-a-new-metric-to-measure-assembly-contiguity</link>
	<title><![CDATA[auN: a new metric to measure assembly contiguity]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>Given a de novo assembly, we often measure the &ldquo;average&rdquo; contig length by N50.&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N50,_L50,_and_related_statistics">N50</a><span>&nbsp;is neither the real average nor median. It is the length of the contig such that this and longer contigs cover at least 50% of the assembly. A longer N50 indicates better contiguity. We can similarly define N</span><em>x</em><span>&nbsp;such that contigs no shorter than N</span><em>x</em><span>&nbsp;covers&nbsp;</span><em>x</em><span>% of the assembly. The N</span><em>x</em><span>&nbsp;curve plots N</span><em>x</em><span>&nbsp;as a function of&nbsp;</span><em>x</em><span>, where&nbsp;</span><em>x</em><span>&nbsp;is ranged from 0 to 100.</span></p>
<p><span><img src="http://lh3.github.io/images/NGx_plot.png" alt="image" style="border: 0px;"></span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://lh3.github.io/2020/04/08/a-new-metric-on-assembly-contiguity" rel="nofollow">https://lh3.github.io/2020/04/08/a-new-metric-on-assembly-contiguity</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/29992/spines</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 28 Nov 2016 05:33:26 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/29992/spines</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Spines]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.broadinstitute.org/ftp/distribution/software/spines/"><em>Spines</em></a>&nbsp;is a collection of software tools, developed and used by the Vertebrate Genome Biology Group at the Broad Institute. It provides basic data structures for efficient data manipulation (mostly genomic sequences, alignments, variation etc.), as well as specialized tool sets for various analyses. It also features three sequence alignment packages:&nbsp;<em>Satsuma,</em>&nbsp;a highly parallelized program for high-sensitivity, genome-wide synteny;&nbsp;<em>Papaya,</em>&nbsp;an all-purpose alignment tool for less diverged sequences; and&nbsp;<em>SLAP,</em>&nbsp;a context-sensitive local aligner for diverged sequences with large gaps.</p>
<p>Access&nbsp;<em>Spines</em>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.broadinstitute.org/ftp/distribution/software/spines/">here</a>.</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://www.broadinstitute.org/genome-sequencing-and-analysis/spines" rel="nofollow">https://www.broadinstitute.org/genome-sequencing-and-analysis/spines</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/44377/mitochondrial-genome-assembly-tools</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 06 Sep 2023 00:37:18 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/44377/mitochondrial-genome-assembly-tools</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Mitochondrial genome assembly tools !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Mitochondrial genome assembly tools are specialized software and algorithms designed to accurately reconstruct the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) from sequencing data, typically obtained through techniques like next-generation sequencing (NGS). The mitochondrial genome is relatively small compared to the nuclear genome, making it an ideal target for assembly. Here are some commonly used mitochondrial genome assembly tools:</p><p><strong>MitoFinder:</strong> Mitofinder is a pipeline to assemble mitochondrial genomes and annotate mitochondrial genes from trimmed read sequencing data.</p><p><strong>MitoHiFi:</strong> a python pipeline for mitochondrial genome assembly from PacBio high fidelity reads</p><p>MITObim: MITObim is a tool specifically developed for the iterative assembly of mitochondrial genomes. It starts with a reference mitogenome and iteratively refines the assembly using the read data.</p><p><strong>MITOS:</strong> MITOS is a web-based platform that provides a pipeline for annotating mitochondrial genomes. It integrates multiple software tools for assembly, annotation, and visualization of mitogenomes.</p><p><strong>MIRA:</strong> MIRA (Mimicking Intelligent Read Assembly) is a versatile genome assembly tool that can be used for mitochondrial genome assembly. It supports various sequencing technologies and allows for reference-based or de novo assembly.</p><p><strong>NOVOPlasty:</strong> NOVOPlasty is a user-friendly tool designed for de novo assembly of organelle genomes, including mitochondria. It utilizes a seed-and-extend algorithm and is suitable for both short-read and long-read data.</p><p><strong>MITOS2:</strong> MITOS2 is an updated version of the MITOS pipeline, which automates the annotation of mitochondrial genomes. It provides improved accuracy and additional features for mitochondrial genome analysis.</p><p><strong>GetOrganelle:</strong> While primarily designed for chloroplast genome assembly, GetOrganelle can also be used for mitochondrial genome assembly. It is particularly useful for dealing with high-throughput sequencing data.</p><p><strong>SPAdes:</strong> SPAdes (St. Petersburg genome assembler) is a versatile genome assembly tool that can be employed for mitochondrial genome assembly, especially when dealing with complex datasets that may contain nuclear mitochondrial DNA sequences (numts).</p><p><strong>IDBA-UD:</strong> IDBA-UD (Iterative De Bruijn Graph De Novo Assembler) is another de novo assembly tool that can be used for mitochondrial genome assembly, especially in cases with relatively low coverage.</p><p><strong>Velvet:</strong> Velvet is a de novo assembly tool that can be applied to mitochondrial genome assembly, especially when working with short-read data.</p><p>When selecting a mitochondrial genome assembly tool, it's important to consider the specific characteristics of your sequencing data, such as read length and coverage, as well as the complexity of the mitochondrial genome. Additionally, some tools are better suited for specific organisms or research objectives, so choosing the right tool will depend on your particular project requirements.</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhi</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/30018/bipype</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 01 Dec 2016 08:47:38 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/30018/bipype</link>
	<title><![CDATA[bipype]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>Bipype is a very useful program, which prepare a lot of types of bioinformatics analyses. There are three input options: amplicons, WGS (whole genome sequences) and metatranscriptomic data. If amplicons are input data, then bipype does reconstruction and pairs merging. After that biodiversity is searching. There are two types of searching depending on the amplicons types (ITS or 16S). If WGS are chosen, then bipype finds the SA coordinates of the input reads and generates alignments in the SAM format given single-end reads, aligns reads to reference sequence(s). All of these analyses will be shown with Krona program, which allows to show hierarchical data with pie charts.</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://readthedocs.org/projects/bipype/" rel="nofollow">https://readthedocs.org/projects/bipype/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>

<item>
  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/30331/16th-congress-of-the-european-society-for-evolutionary-biology-eseb</guid>
  <pubDate>Thu, 22 Dec 2016 08:08:37 -0600</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[16th Congress of the European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB)]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Abstract submissions for our upcoming symposium on the Genomics of Adaptation that will take place as part of the 16th Congress of the European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB). The conference will take place from August 20th - August 25th, 2017 in Groningen, the Netherlands. </p>

<p>SYMPOSIUM DESCRIPTION: Genomics of Adaptation [S16] Model organisms for life-history research are mainly studied in the lab where functional genetics is assessable. In general, however, knowledge about their eco-evolutionary dynamics, such as biotic interactions, is rare. By contrast, in organisms for which the ecology and adaptation strategies in the field are well known, we typically lack the appropriate genetic tools to investigate functionality. Advances in genomics and statistics as well as investments in evolutionary model organisms are now providing access to putatively adaptive genome-wide variation within species from across the tree of life. In this symposium, we focus on integrating life-history biology, genetics and evolutionary ecology in the genomics era. </p>

<p>We wish to (1) highlight the role of genetic architecture of complex traits, such as adaptations to biotic interactions or life-history traits; (2) contrast this to morphological traits which are generally thought to have a less complex genetic architecture; and (3) discuss the opportunities and drawbacks of specific model systems. </p>

<p>INVITED SPEAKERS: Josephine Pemberton, University of Cambridge (http://bit.ly/2hJWytJ ) Peter Tiffin, University of Minnesota (http://bit.ly/2hK7HuS ) </p>

<p>ABSTRACT SUBMISSION The deadline for abstract submission is January 10, 2017. For more information and to submit abstracts online, please visit: http://bit.ly/2fBXlvN We look forward to an exciting symposium and seeing you all in Groningen! Sincerely, Ben Blackman, UC Berkeley Maaike de Jong, University of Bristol Bart Pannebakker, Wageningen University Noah Whiteman, UC Berkeley Jelle Zandveld, Wageningen University</p>
]]></description>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/30364/bioinformatics-contest-2017</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 23 Dec 2016 14:03:37 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/30364/bioinformatics-contest-2017</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Bioinformatics Contest 2017!]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://contest.bioinf.me" target="_blank">Bioinformatics Contest 2017</a>! Rosalind is co-organizer.<br /> Compete with thousands of people worldwide on bioinformatics problem solving.<br /> Everything is online. Qualification round starts on <strong>January 23, 2017</strong>. Final is on <span><span>Feb 18</span></span>.</p><p>You will need to solve bioinformatics problems using programming. The goal is to correctly solve as many problems as possible within 24 hours. Some of them will be approximation problems and will have partial grades. All rounds will be held online, submissions will be auto-graded in real time.</p><p>Check more at http://contest.bioinf.me/</p><p>Good luck!</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/30540/progressive-cactus</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 17 Jan 2017 03:40:06 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/30540/progressive-cactus</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Progressive Cactus]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<h1><em style="font-size: 12.8px; font-weight: normal;">v0.0 by Glenn Hickey (<a href="mailto:hickey@soe.ucsc.edu">hickey@soe.ucsc.edu</a>)</em></h1>
<p>Progressive Cactus is a whole-genome alignment package.</p>
<h3><a href="https://github.com/glennhickey/progressiveCactus#requirements"></a>Requirements</h3>
<ul>
<li>git</li>
<li>gcc 4.2 or newer</li>
<li>python 2.7</li>
<li>wget</li>
<li>64bit processor and build environment</li>
<li>150GB+ of memory on at least one machine when aligning mammal-sized genomes; less memory is needed for smaller genomes.</li>
<li>Parasol or SGE for cluster support.</li>
<li>750M disk space</li>
</ul>
<h3><a href="https://github.com/glennhickey/progressiveCactus#instructions"></a>Instructions</h3>
<p>IMPORTANT NOTE: Progressive Cactus does not presently support installation into paths that contain spaces. Until this is resolved, you can use a softlink as a workaround: ln -s "path with spaces" "installation path without spaces"</p>
<p>In the parent directory of where you want Progressive Cactus installed:</p>
<pre><code>git clone git://github.com/glennhickey/progressiveCactus.git
cd progressiveCactus
git pull
git submodule update --init
make
</code></pre>
<p>It is also convenient to add the location of&nbsp;<code>progressiveCactus/bin</code>&nbsp;to your PATH environment variable. In order to run the included tools (ex hal2maf) in the submodules/ directory structure, first source&nbsp;<code>progressiveCactus/environment</code>&nbsp;to load the installed environment.</p>
<p>If any errors occur during the build process, you are unlikely to be able to use the tool. Please submit a GitHub issue so we can help out: not only will you help yourself, but others who wish to use the tool as well.</p>
<p><em>Note that all dependencies are also built and included in the submodules/ directory. This increases the size and build time but greatly simplifies installation and version management. The installation does not create or modify any files outside the progressiveCactus/ directory.</em></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/glennhickey/progressiveCactus" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/glennhickey/progressiveCactus</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/30654/source-code-and-pseudo-code</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jan 2017 10:17:35 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/30654/source-code-and-pseudo-code</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Source Code and Pseudo Code !!]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>An <span style="text-decoration: underline;">algorithm</span> is a procedure for solving a problem in terms of the actions to be executed and the order in which those actions are to be executed. An algorithm is merely the sequence of steps taken to solve a problem. The steps are normally "sequence," "selection, " "iteration," and a case-type statement.</p><p>In C, "sequence statements" are imperatives. The "selection" is the "if then else" statement, and the iteration is satisfied by a number of statements, such as the "while," " do," and the "for," while the case-type statement is satisfied by the "switch" statement.</p><hr><p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Pseudocode</span> is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop algorithms. Pseudocode is a "text-based" detail (algorithmic) design tool.</p><p>The rules of Pseudocode are reasonably straightforward. All statements showing "dependency" are to be indented. These include while, do, for, if, switch. Examples below will illustrate this notion.</p><p><strong> GUIDE TO PSEUDOCODE LEVEL OF DETAIL: Given record/file descriptions, pseudocode should be created in sufficient detail so as to directly support the programming effort. It is the purpose of pseudocode to elaborate on the algorithmic detail and not just cite an abstraction. </strong></p><hr><p>Examples:</p><p>1.</p><pre>If student's grade is greater than or equal to 60
    Print "passed"
else
    Print "failed"  
endif
</pre><hr><p>2.</p><pre>  
Set total to zero
Set grade counter to one
While grade counter is less than or equal to ten
    Input the next grade
    Add the grade into the total
endwhile 
Set the class average to the total divided by ten
Print the class average.
</pre><hr><p>3.</p><pre>Initialize total to zero
Initialize counter to zero
Input the first grade
while the user has not as yet entered the sentinel
   add this grade into the running total 
   add one to the grade counter  
   input the next grade (possibly the sentinel)
endwhile

if the counter is not equal to zero
   set the average to the total divided by the counter
   print the average  
else
   print 'no grades were entered' 
endif 
</pre><hr><p>4.</p><pre>initialize passes to zero
initialize failures to zero
initialize student to one
while student counter is less than or equal to ten
    input the next exam result  
    if the student passed</pre><p>add one to passes else add one to failures add one to student counter endif endwhile print the number of passes print the number of failures if eight or more students passed print "raise tuition" endif</p><hr><h3><strong>5.</strong></h3><pre>Larger example:  

NOTE:  NEVER ANY DATA DECLARATIONS IN PSEUDOCODE

Print out appropriate heading and make it pretty
While not EOF do:
     Scan over blanks and white space until a char is found 
	(get first character on the line)
     set can't-be-ascending-flag to 0
     set consec cntr to 1
     set ascending cntr to 1
     putchar first char of string to screen
     set read character to hold character
     While next character read != blanks and white space
          putchar out on screen
          if new char = hold char + 1
               add 1 to consec cntr
               set hold char = new char
               continue
          endif
          if new char &gt;= hold char 
               if consec cntr &lt; 3 
                    set consec cntr to 1
               endif
               set hold char = new char
               continue
          endif
          if new char &lt; hold char
               if consec cntr &lt; 3
                    set consec cntr to 1
               endif
               set hold char = new char
               set can't be ascending flag to 1
               continue
           endif
     end while
     if consec cntr &gt;= 3 
          printf (Appropriate message 1 and skip a line)
          add 1 to consec total
     endif
     if  can't be ascending flag = 0
          printf (Appropriate message 2 and skip a line)
          add 1 to ascending total
     else
          printf (Sorry message and skip a line)
          add 1 to sorry total
     endif
end While
Print out totals:  Number of consecs, ascendings, and sorries.
Stop
</pre><p>Some Keywords That Should be Used And Additional Points</p><p>For looping and selection, The keywords that are to be used include Do While...EndDo; Do Until...Enddo; While .... Endwhile is acceptable. Also, Loop .... endloop is also VERY good and is language independent. Case...EndCase; If...Endif; Call ... with (parameters); Call; Return ....; Return; When;</p><p>Always use scope terminators for loops and iteration.</p><p>As verbs, use the words Generate, Compute, Process, etc. Words such as set, reset, increment, compute, calculate, add, sum, multiply, ... print, display, input, output, edit, test , etc. with careful indentation tend to foster desirable pseudocode. Also, using words such as Set and Initialize, when assigning values to variables is also desirable.</p><p>More on Formatting and Conventions in Pseudocoding</p><ul>
<li>INDENTATION in pseudocode should be identical to its implementation in a programming language. Try to indent at least four spaces.</li>
<li>As noted above, the pseudocode entries are to be cryptic, AND SHOULD NOT BE PROSE. NO SENTENCES.</li>
<li>No flower boxes (discussed ahead) in your pseudocode.</li>
<li>Do not include data declarations in your pseudocode.</li>
<li>But do cite variables that are initialized as part of their declarations. E.g. "initialize count to zero" is a good entry.<hr>Function Calls, Function Documentation, and Pseudocode</li>
<li>Calls to Functions should appear as:
<ul>     </ul>
</li>
<li>Returns in functions should appear as:
<ul> </ul>
</li>
<li>Function headers should appear as:
<ul>     </ul>
</li>
<li>Note that in C, arguments and parameters such as "fieldn" could be written: "pointer to fieldn ...."</li>
<li>Functions called with addresses should be written as:
<ul>         </ul>
</li>
<li>Function headers containing pointers should be indicated as:
<ul>        </ul>
</li>
<li>Returns in functions where a pointer is returned:
<ul>   </ul>
</li>
<li>It would not hurt the appearance of your pseudocode to draw a line or make your function header line "bold" in your pseudocode. Try to set off your functions.</li>
<li>Try to use scope terminators in your pseudocode and source code too. It really hels the readability of the text.<hr>Source Code</li>
<li>EVERY function should have a flowerbox PRECEDING IT. This flower box is to include the functions name, the main purpose of the function, parameters it is expecting (number and type), and the type of the data it returns. All of these listed items are to be on separate lines with spaces in between each explanatory item.</li>
<li>FORMAT of flowerbox should be
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<pre>	 ********************************************************
	 Function:   ( cryptic text describing single function
		     ....... (indented like this) 	
		     .......
	 Calls:      Start listing functions "this" function calls
		     Show these functions:  one per line, indented

	 Called by:  List of functions that calls "this" function
		     Show these functions:  one per line, indented.

	 Input Parameters:  list, if appropriate; else None
	 
	 Returns:    List, if appropriate.
	 ****************************************************************
</pre>
</li>
<li>INDENTATION is critically important in Source Code. Follow standard examples given in class. If in doubt, ASK. Always indent statements within IFs, FOR loops, WILLE loops, SWITCH statements, etc. a consistent number of spaces, such as four. Alternatively, use the tab key. One or two spaces is insufficient.</li>
<li>Use scope terminators at the end of if statements, for statements, while statements, and at the end of functions. It will make your program much more readable.
<p><strong> SPELLING ERRORS ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE </strong></p>
</li>
</ul>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>

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