As one of the leading research-intensive universities in China, ZJU is located in the beautiful city of Hangzhou. Successful candidates will be employed as Principal Investigators and are qualified to supervise doctoral students. ZJU will offer an internationally competitive salary and the opportunity to purchase university's apartment at a price much lower than the market price, and will provide office and laboratory spaces as well as internationally competitive research startup packages.

Qualified applicants are strongly encouraged to submit their applications electronically to tr@zju.edu.cn. Applicants should include the following materials in pdf format: a comprehensive CV, a statement of research and teaching plan, and a list of 3 to 5 references with detailed contact information.

Contact：Talents Office, ZJU

Tel：+86-571-88981345, +86-571-88981390

Fax：+86-571-88981976

E-mail:tr@zju.edu.cn

More at https://dahak-metagenomics.github.io/dahak/

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/dahak-metagenomics/dahak

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop

sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd stop

sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start

PhpMyAdmin “Wrong permissions on configuration file, should not be world writable!”

Once the Xammp is installed, it might be possible to set up the configuration file in writable mode. Try the following steps:

Just chmod 0755 the file

sudo chmod 0755 config.inc.php

At present, some people have posted articles about the analysis process of WGD. I searched for the keyword "wgd pipeline" and found the following:

GenoDup: https:// github.com/MaoYafei/GenoDup-Pipeline
https://peerj.com/articles/6303/
WGDdetector: https:// github.com/yongzhiyang2 012/WGDdetector
https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-019-2670-3
wgd: https:// github.com/arzwa/wgd
https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-016-1142-2#Sec1
https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-017-0399-x
GeNoGAP https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-016-1142-2
https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-017-0399-x
https://github.com/dfguan/purge_dups
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.24.917997v1

This article introduces the usage of wgd.

Wgd cannot be installed directly with bioconda at present, so it is a little troublesome to install, because it depends on a lot of software. wgd depends on the following software

BLAST
MCL
MUSCLE/MAFFT/PRANK
PAML
PhyML/FastTree
i-ADHoRe

But the good news is that most of the software it depends on can be installed with bioconda

conda create -n wgd python=3.5 blast mcl muscle mafft prank paml fasttree cmake libpng mpi=1.0=mpich
conda activate wgd

Here mpi=1.0=mpich is selected, because i-adhore depends on mpich. If openmpi is installed, an error will appear while loading shared libraries: libmpi_cxx.so.40: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

After that, the installation is much simpler

git clone https://github.com/arzwa/wgd.git
cd wgd
pip install .
pip install git+https://github.com/arzwa/wgd.git
For i-ADHoRe, you need to register at http:// bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be /webtools/i-adhore/licensing/Agree to the license to download i-ADHoRe-3.0

Since my miniconda3 installed ~/opt/, the installation path is so~/opt/miniconda3/envs/wgd/

tar -zxvf i-adhore-3.0.01.tar.gz
cd i-adhore-3.0.01
mkdir -p build && cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/opt/miniconda3/envs/wgd/
make -j 4
make insatall

Take the sugarcane genome Saccharum spontaneum L as an example. The genome is 8-ploid with 32 chromosomes (2n = 4x8 = 32)

Download the tutorial for CDS and GFF annotation files

mkdir -p wgd_tutorial && cd wgd_tutorial
wget http://www.life.illinois.edu/ming/downloads/Spontaneum_genome/Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta.gz
wget http://www.life.illinois.edu/ming/downloads/Spontaneum_genome/Sspon.v20190103.gff3.gz
gunzip *.gz

First conda activate wgdstart our analysis environment, and then start the analysis

Step 1 : Use to wgd mclidentify homologous genes in the genome

wgd mcl -n 20 --cds --mcl -s Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta -o Sspon_cds.out

Step 2 : Use to wgd ksdbuild Ks distribution

wgd ksd --n_threads 80 Sspon_cds.out/Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta.blast.tsv.mcl Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta

Step 3 : If the quality of the genome is good, then wgd syncollinearity analysis can be used . It can help us find the collinearity block in the genome and the corresponding anchor point

wgd syn --feature gene --gene_attribute ID \
-ks wgd_ksd/Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta.ks.tsv \
Sspon.v20190103.gff3 Sspon_cds.out/Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta.blast.tsv.mcl

 For more reading - There are 9 sub-modules in WGD

• kde: KDE fitting to the Ks distribution
• ksd: Ks distribution construction
• mcl: BLASP comparison of All-vs-ALl + MCL classification analysis.
• mix: Hybrid modeling of Ks distribution.
• pre: preprocess the CDS file
• syn: Call I-ADHoRe 3.0 to use GFF files for collinearity analysis
• viz: draw histogram and density plot
• wf1: Ks standard analysis procedure of the whole genome paranome (paranome), call mcl, ksd and syn
• wf2: Ks standard analysis procedure of one-vs-one homologous gene (ortholog), call wcl and kSD

Address of the bookmark: https://cmdcolin.github.io/awesome-genome-visualization/?latest=true&selected=%23BRIG&tag=Comparative

Pay Scale: Pay Band Rs.15600-39100 with AGP of Rs.6,000/-

Essential Qualifications for Professors, Associate Professors, and Assistant Professors: As per “UGC REGULATIONS ON MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT OF TEACHERS AND OTHER ACADEMIC STAFF IN UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES AND MEASURES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF STANDARDS IN HIGHER EDUCATION 2010“ and the 2nd Amendments to the regulation issued in June 2013.

For details: http://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/regulations/revised_finalugcregulationfinal10.pdf http://www.ugc.ac.in/pdfnews/8539300_English.pdf and University rules.

Procedure to apply:

Application forms along with API form complete in all respect along with necessary documents and application fee of Rs. 500/-. (Rs. 250/- for Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe/Person with disabilities) should be sent to:

Registrar, Central University of Punjab, City Campus, Mansa Road, Bathinda-151001

For more info visit: http://www.centralunipunjab.com/Teaching/Final%20Details-t10-2013.pdf, http://www.centralunipunjab.com/Teaching/Advertisement-t10-2013.jpg

Last Apply Date: 31 Dec 2014

http://ritg.med.harvard.edu/training/perl/RC_Perl_Intro.pdf

Reference@http://www.datasciencecentral.com/profiles/blogs/one-page-r-a-survival-guide-to-data-science-with-r

• Templates for the Data Scientist
  1. A Template for Preparing Data: *OnePageR - *R
  2. A Template for Building Models: *OnePageR - *R
• Getting Started as a Data Scientist
  1. Getting Started with R and Rattle: *Lecture - *Laboratory
  2. Introducing and Interacting with R: *Lecture - *Laboratory
  3. BasicR - OnePage(R) - Writing R scripts
• Dealing With Data
  1. Read Data into R: *OnePageR - *R
  2. Explore and Summarise Data: *OnePageR - *R
  3. Transform Data: *OnePageR - *R
  4. Dealing with Dates and Time: (PDF, R) Dates and Time
  5. Visualising Data with GGPlot2: *OnePageR - *R
  6. Visualising Data with Maps *OnePageR - *R
  7. Spatial (R) Spatial Analysis
  8. Handling Big Data *OnePageR - *R
• Descriptive Analytics
  1. Cluster Analysis: *Lecture - *OnePageR - *R
  2. Association Analysis: *Lecture
• Predictive Analytics
  1. Decision Trees: *Lecture - *OnePageR - *R - *Rattle
  2. Ensembles of Decision Trees: *Lecture - *OnePageR - *R
  3. SVM (R)
  4. KernLab (R)
  5. NeuralNetworks (R)
  6. NNet (R)
• Model Delivery
  1. Evaluating Models: *OnePageR - *R
  2. Evaluation (R)
  3. Scoring (R)
  4. PMML (R) Exporting Models for Deployment
• Advanced Topics
  1. Text Mining: *OnePageR - *R
• Advanced R Topics
  1. Plots (PDF, R) Miscellaneous Plots
  2. Functions (PDF, R) Writing Functions in R
  3. Parallel (PDF, R) Parallel Execution
  4. Packaging (R) Pulling it Together into a Package
  5. Doing R with Style: *OnePageR - *R
  6. Literate Data Mining with KnitR: *Lecture - *OnePageR - *

What are SNPs?
SNPs (pronounced "snips") are positions in the genome where individuals differ by a single nucleotide. For example:

Reference: ...A T G C A T G A...
Variant:     ...A T G T A T G A...

Here, the C in the reference genome has been replaced by a T in the variant.

SNPs occur roughly every 300–1,000 bases in the human genome, meaning there are millions of them scattered throughout our DNA. Most SNPs have no effect on health, but some are linked to disease susceptibility, drug response, and other traits.

Why Do We Analyze SNPs?
1. Medical Genetics

Identify disease-associated variants (e.g., BRCA1/2 in breast cancer).

Predict drug response (pharmacogenomics).

Enable precision medicine by tailoring treatments.

2. Population Genetics & Ancestry

Trace human migration and ancestry.

Study genetic diversity within and between populations.

3. Agriculture & Animal Breeding

Select for desirable traits (drought resistance, yield, disease resistance).

Improve breeding efficiency in livestock.

4. Evolutionary Biology

Track natural selection.

Study adaptation in wild populations.

How is SNP Analysis Performed?
SNP analysis can be broadly divided into three steps:

SNP Detection
Genotyping arrays: Chips that test hundreds of thousands of known SNP positions simultaneously. Fast and affordable, widely used in consumer ancestry testing.

Whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing: Can detect known and novel SNPs across the genome.

Targeted sequencing or PCR: For focused analysis of specific regions.

Variant Calling
Sequencing data is aligned to a reference genome. Bioinformatics tools (e.g., GATK, bcftools) identify positions where the sequenced sample differs from the reference.

Annotation and Interpretation
Tools (e.g., SnpEff, VEP) predict the functional impact of SNPs.

Are the SNPs in coding regions? Do they cause amino acid changes? Are they known to be pathogenic?

Databases like dbSNP, ClinVar, and GWAS Catalog provide information on known associations.

Common Tools for SNP Analysis
Alignment: BWA, Bowtie2

Variant Calling: GATK, FreeBayes

Visualization: IGV, UCSC Genome Browser

Annotation: SnpEff, VEP

Statistical Analysis: PLINK, SNPTEST

Challenges in SNP Analysis
False positives/negatives: Sequencing errors, alignment issues.

Population stratification: Confounding in association studies.

Interpretation: Many SNPs have unknown or complex effects.

Researchers address these with rigorous quality control, large datasets, and increasingly sophisticated statistical models.

The Future of SNP Analysis
With advances in sequencing technology and AI-driven analysis, SNP studies are expanding:

Polygenic risk scores predict disease risk based on thousands of SNPs.

Large-scale biobanks (e.g., UK Biobank, All of Us) enable powerful genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

CRISPR and functional assays help validate SNP effects in the lab.

SNP analysis is at the heart of the genomic revolution, promising insights into biology, health, and evolution at unprecedented scale.

Conclusion
From diagnosing rare diseases to designing better crops, SNP analysis is a foundational tool in modern science. As our ability to sequence and interpret genomes improves, so will our understanding of these tiny—but mighty—variations in DNA.

More at http://ncb.qau.edu.pk/