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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/28269?offset=1550</link>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/22569/reverse-complement-problem-solved-with-perl</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2015 23:37:23 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/22569/reverse-complement-problem-solved-with-perl</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Reverse Complement Problem Solved with Perl]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Question at http://rosalind.info/problems/1b/</p><p>#Find the reverse complement of a DNA string.<br />#Given: A DNA string Pattern.<br />#Return: Pattern, the reverse complement of Pattern.<br /><br />use strict;<br />use warnings;<br /><br />my $string="AAAACCCGGT";<br />my $finalString="";<br />my %hash = (<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;"C" =&gt; "G", <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;"A" =&gt; "T", <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;"T" =&gt; "A", <br />&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;"G" =&gt; "C",<br />);<br /><br />for (my $aa=0; $aa&lt;=(length($string)-1); $aa++) {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;my $char=substr $string, $aa, 1;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;#print $hash{$char};<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;$finalString="$hash{$char}"."$finalString";<br />}<br /><br />print $finalString;<br />print "\n";</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44223/ale-assembly-likelihood-estimator</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 08 Mar 2023 01:39:33 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44223/ale-assembly-likelihood-estimator</link>
	<title><![CDATA[ALE: Assembly Likelihood Estimator]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Just import the assembly, bam and ALE scores. You can convert the .ale file to a set of .wig files with ale2wiggle.py and IGV can read those directly.&nbsp; Depending on your genome size you may want to convert the .wig files to the BigWig format.</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/sc932/ALE" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/sc932/ALE</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
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<item>
  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/22580/appointment-of-two-traineeships-and-two-studentships-in-bioinformatics</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2015 10:19:07 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Appointment of two traineeships and two studentships in Bioinformatics]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Jawaharlal Nehru<br />TROPICAL BOTANIC GARDEN AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE<br />An organization under the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment and<br />National Centre of Excellence, Government of India<br /> <br />Applications are invited for the appointment of two traineeships and two studentships in Bioinformatics for a period of six months sponsored by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India in the Bioinformatics Sub-DIC, Saraswathy Thangavelu Centre, JNTBGRI, Puthenthope, Thiruvananthapuram 695 586. The required qualifications and other details are given below.</p>

<p>Monthly fellowship (in rupee): 5,000/-<br />	<br />Traineeship<br />	<br />First Class M.Sc Bioinformatics/ Biotechnology/ Botany<br />	<br />Studentship: 5,000/-<br />	<br />M.Phil/M.Tech Bioinformatics/ Biotechnology/ any branch of Life Science students for doing their thesis work in the area of Bioinformatics.</p>

<p>Age limit as on 1.1.2015, 28 years. Age relaxation will be provided for SC, ST, OBC candidates as per Govt. norms.</p>

<p>Interested candidates may appear for walk-in-interview on 16th June 2015 at 10.30 am at JNTBGRI, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram. The candidate should report to the Office at Palode before 10.00 am</p>

<p>More at http://www.jntbgri.in/jntbgri/news/File0001.pdf</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/44371/steps-to-find-all-the-repeats-in-the-genome</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 31 Aug 2023 02:43:28 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/44371/steps-to-find-all-the-repeats-in-the-genome</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Steps to find all the repeats in the genome !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<div><p>To find repeats in a genome from 2 to 9 length using a Perl script, you can use the RepeatMasker tool with the "--length" option<a href="https://mobilednajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1759-8753-5-13" target="_blank">[0]</a>. Here's a step-by-step guide:</p></div><div><ol>
<li>Install RepeatMasker: First, you need to install RepeatMasker on your system. You can download it from the RepeatMasker website<a href="https://mobilednajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1759-8753-5-13" target="_blank">[0]</a>.</li>
</ol></div><div><ol>
<li>Prepare the genome sequence: Make sure you have the genome sequence in a FASTA file format. Let's assume the file is named "genome.fasta".</li>
</ol><blockquote><p>./RepeatMasker -pa &lt;number_of_processors&gt; -nolow -norna -no_is -div &lt;divergence_value&gt; -lib RepeatMaskerLib.embl -gff -xsmall -small -poly -species &lt;species_name&gt; -dir &lt;output_directory&gt; -length &lt;min_length&gt;-&lt;max_length&gt; genome.fasta</p></blockquote><div><p>Replace the following placeholders with appropriate values:</p><ul>
<li><code>&lt;number_of_processors&gt;</code>: The number of processors/threads you want to use for parallel processing.</li>
<li><code>&lt;divergence_value&gt;</code>: The divergence value for the species you are analyzing. You can find divergence values for different species in the RepeatMasker documentation<a href="https://mobilednajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1759-8753-5-13" target="_blank">[0]</a>.</li>
<li><code>&lt;species_name&gt;</code>: The name of the species you are analyzing.</li>
<li><code>&lt;output_directory&gt;</code>: The directory where you want the output files to be saved.</li>
<li><code>&lt;min_length&gt;</code>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<code>&lt;max_length&gt;</code>: The minimum and maximum lengths of the repeats you want to find (in this case, 2 and 9).</li>
</ul></div><div><ol>
<li>Analyze the output: RepeatMasker will generate several output files, including a .out file. You can parse this file to extract the information you need. There is a Perl tool called "one_code_to_find_them_all.pl" that can help you parse RepeatMasker output files<a href="https://mobilednajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1759-8753-5-13" target="_blank">[0]</a>. You can download it from the source provided.</li>
</ol></div><div><ol>
<li>Use the provided Perl script: Once you have the "one_code_to_find_them_all.pl" script, you can run it to conveniently parse the RepeatMasker output files. Here's an example of how to use it:</li>
</ol><blockquote><p>perl one_code_to_find_them_all.pl --rm &lt;RepeatMasker_out_file&gt; --length &lt;length_file&gt;</p></blockquote></div><p>&nbsp;</p></div><div><div><p>Replace&nbsp;<code>&lt;RepeatMasker_out_file&gt;</code>&nbsp;with the path to your RepeatMasker .out file, and&nbsp;<code>&lt;length_file&gt;</code>&nbsp;with the path to a file containing the lengths of the reference elements.</p></div><div><p>This script will generate several output files, including .log.txt and .copynumber.csv, which contain quantitative information about the identified repeat elements.</p></div><div><p>Remember to adjust the parameters and options according to your specific needs and the characteristics of your genome.</p></div></div>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/22778/sr-research-fellow-technical-asst-at-indian-institute-of-maize-research-india</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2015 18:47:51 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Sr Research Fellow &amp; Technical Asst at Indian Institute of Maize Research - India]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Indian Institute of Maize Research Jobs 2015 –</p>

<p>Sr Research Fellow &amp; Technical Asst Posts: Indian Institute of Maize Research (IIMR), New Delhi has advertised a notification for the recruitment of Senior Research Fellow &amp; Technical Assistant vacancies for the project titled “Genetic modifications to improve biological nitrogen fixation for augmenting nitrogen needs of cereals” on contractual basis. Eligible candidates may apply in prescribed application format on or before 25-06-2015. Other details like age, educational qualification, selection process, how to apply are given below…</p>

<p>Indian Institute of Maize Research Vacancy Details:<br />Total No. of Posts: 03<br />Name of the Posts :<br />1. Senior Research Fellow: 02 Posts<br />2. Technical Assistant: 01 Post</p>

<p>Age Limit: Candidates age should be 35 years for Senior Research Fellow, Minimum 21 years and maximum 45 years for Technical Assistant as on the closing date of the application. Age relaxation is 5 years to SC/ST and women candidates and 3 years to OBC candidates as per ICAR rules.</p>

<p>Educational Qualification: Candidates should possess Post graduate degree in Biotechnology/ Molecular Biology/ Bioinformatics/ Plant physiology for Senior Research fellow, Graduate degree in Agriculture/ Biotechnology/ any discipline of life sciences for Technical Assistant with relevant experience.</p>

<p>Selection Process: Candidates will be selected based on their performance in interview.</p>

<p>How to Apply: Eligible candidates can send their application in prescribed format along with bio-data to Dr. Pranjal Yadava, Principal Investigator, ICAR Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012 or mail to pranjal.yadava@gmail.com on or before 25-06-2015 &amp; attend the interview along with application in the attached format at the time of interview, one passport size photograph, self attested copies of certificates for age, and qualifications, reprints of publications and ‘No Objection Certificate’, original documents on 01-07-2015. Venue details are mentioned below.</p>

<p>Important Dates:<br />Last Date for Receipt of Application: 25-06-2015<br />Date &amp; Time of Interview : 01-07-2015.<br />Venue: IIMR, Pusa Campus, New Delhi</p>
]]></description>
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<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/44637/tools-to-access-the-quality-of-your-assembled-genome</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 08 Aug 2024 23:31:18 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/44637/tools-to-access-the-quality-of-your-assembled-genome</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Tools to access the quality of your assembled genome !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<ul dir="auto">
<li><a href="https://github.com/linsalrob/fasta_validator">FASTA VALIDATOR</a>&nbsp;+&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/shenwei356/seqkit">SEQKIT RMDUP</a>: FASTA validation</li>
<li><a href="https://genometools.org/tools/gt_gff3validator.html">GENOMETOOLS GT GFF3VALIDATOR</a>: GFF3 validation</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/PlantandFoodResearch/assemblathon2-analysis/blob/a93cba25d847434f7eadc04e63b58c567c46a56d/assemblathon_stats.pl">ASSEMBLATHON STATS</a>: Assembly statistics</li>
<li><a href="https://genometools.org/tools/gt_stat.html">GENOMETOOLS GT STAT</a>: Annotation statistics</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ncbi/fcs">NCBI FCS ADAPTOR</a>: Adaptor contamination pass/fail</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ncbi/fcs">NCBI FCS GX</a>: Foreign organism contamination pass/fail</li>
<li><a href="https://gitlab.com/ezlab/busco">BUSCO</a>: Gene-space completeness estimation</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/tolkit/telomeric-identifier">TIDK</a>: Telomere repeat identification</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/oushujun/LTR_retriever/blob/master/LAI">LAI</a>: Continuity of repetitive sequences</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/DerrickWood/kraken2">KRAKEN2</a>: Taxonomy classification</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/igvteam/juicebox.js">HIC CONTACT MAP</a>: Alignment and visualisation of HiC data</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/mummer4/mummer">MUMMER</a>&nbsp;&rarr;&nbsp;<a href="http://circos.ca/documentation/">CIRCOS</a>&nbsp;+&nbsp;<a href="https://plotly.com/">DOTPLOT</a>&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/lh3/minimap2">MINIMAP2</a>&nbsp;&rarr;&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/schneebergerlab/plotsr">PLOTSR</a>: Synteny analysis</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/marbl/merqury">MERQURY</a>: K-mer completeness, consensus quality and phasing assessment</li>
</ul>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>LEGE</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/22787/senior-technical-assistant-at-pondicherry-university</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 17 Jun 2015 20:46:12 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Senior Technical Assistant at Pondicherry University]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Senior Technical Assistant</p>

<p>Eligibility : BE/B.Tech(CSE, ECE, IT)</p>

<p>Location : Pondicherry</p>

<p>Last Date : 26 Jun 2015</p>

<p>Hiring Process : Face to Face Interview<br />Pondicherry University - Job DetailsDate of posting:19 May 15</p>

<p>Senior Technical Assistant Job position in Pondicherry University on temporary basis  </p>

<p>Project Title : "Bioinformatics National Certification (BINC) for certifying quality human resource in Bioinformatics"</p>

<p>Qualification : i) B.E/ B.Tech Computer Science/ Electronics &amp; Communication Engineering/ Information Technology with 55% or equivalent marks. ii) One year Experience in relevant field in Government/ Public Sector or reputed Private Organizations. Desirable : Working experience in JSP and ASP/PHP</p>

<p>No. of Post : 01</p>

<p>Department : Biotechnology</p>

<p>Pay : Rs. 27,800/- </p>

<p>Age Limit : 30 Yrs<br />How to apply</p>

<p>Both above-mentioned posts are purely on temporary basis, extended by one year based on performance and will be terminated with the completion of BINC Program at Pondicherry University. Interested Candidates may send their application in the prescribed format with self-attested copies of all mark sheets and certificates to Dr. Basant K. Tiwary, Coordinator (BINC), Centre for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry-605 014 before June 26, 2015.</p>

<p>Click Here http://www.pondiuni.edu.in/news/requirement-post-one-senior-technical-assistant-one-computer-assistant-–-dept-biotechnologygove</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44766/genome-simulation-with-slim-and-msprime</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 31 Jan 2025 12:47:43 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44766/genome-simulation-with-slim-and-msprime</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Genome Simulation with SLiM and msprime]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Genome simulation is an essential tool in population genetics, enabling researchers to model evolutionary processes and study genetic variation. Two widely used simulation tools in this field are <strong style="font-size: 12.8px;">SLiM</strong><span style="font-size: 12.8px; font-weight: normal;"> and </span><strong style="font-size: 12.8px;">msprime</strong><span style="font-size: 12.8px; font-weight: normal;">. While both serve different purposes, they can be used together with the </span><strong style="font-size: 12.8px;">slendr</strong><span style="font-size: 12.8px; font-weight: normal;"> framework to compare simulation outputs effectively.</span></p><h2>Overview of SLiM and msprime</h2><h3>SLiM: Forward Genetic Simulator</h3><p>SLiM is a <strong>free, open-source</strong> tool designed for forward genetic simulations. It allows researchers to model complex evolutionary scenarios, including selection, recombination, and demographic events, making it particularly useful for studying adaptation and selection in populations.</p><p><strong>Key Features of SLiM:</strong></p><ul>
<li>
<p>Simulates population evolution forward in time</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Supports custom evolutionary models using an embedded scripting language</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Allows modeling of spatial and ecological dynamics</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Provides high flexibility and extensibility for user-defined scenarios</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Available on GitHub as an open-source project</p>
</li>
</ul><h3>msprime: Ancestry and Mutation Simulator</h3><p>msprime is an efficient, <strong>open-source</strong> tool that simulates ancestry and mutations using a coalescent framework. It is known for its high-speed performance and low memory requirements, making it a popular choice for large-scale genomic simulations.</p><p><strong>Key Features of msprime:</strong></p><ul>
<li>
<p>Implements coalescent simulations for ancestry modeling</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Efficiently simulates large population histories</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Supports the addition of mutations to genealogies</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Developed using an open-source community model</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Often faster and more memory-efficient than alternative simulators</p>
</li>
</ul><h2>Using SLiM and msprime with slendr</h2><p>Both SLiM and msprime can be integrated with <strong>slendr</strong>, a framework that facilitates structured population genetic simulations. This integration allows for seamless comparison of simulation outputs.</p><h3>How They Work Together:</h3><ul>
<li>
<p>SLiM and msprime simulations can be analyzed within slendr.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <strong>ts_read()</strong> function in slendr enables loading and comparing tree sequence outputs from both simulators.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>This integration allows researchers to validate simulation results and gain deeper insights into evolutionary processes.</p>
</li>
</ul><h2>Performance Considerations</h2><p>While SLiM offers powerful forward simulations with extensive customization, msprime is often preferred for its <strong>speed and memory efficiency</strong> when simulating ancestry and mutations. The choice between the two depends on the research goals:</p><ul>
<li>
<p><strong>For detailed evolutionary modeling with selection and recombination:</strong> Use SLiM.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>For large-scale coalescent simulations with mutations:</strong> Use msprime.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>For comparing different simulation models and their outputs:</strong> Use slendr to integrate SLiM and msprime results.</p>
</li>
</ul><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>SLiM and msprime are valuable tools for genome simulation, each serving distinct but complementary purposes in population genetics research. By leveraging the strengths of both simulators with slendr, researchers can conduct robust and efficient evolutionary simulations, enhancing our understanding of genetic diversity and adaptation.</p><p>For more information, check out the official GitHub repositories for <strong>SLiM</strong> and <strong>msprime</strong>, and explore the <strong>slendr</strong> framework for streamlined simulation workflow</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/poll/view/22920/how-long-have-you-been-a-bioinformatics-scientist-for</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 23 Jun 2015 10:55:33 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/poll/view/22920/how-long-have-you-been-a-bioinformatics-scientist-for</link>
	<title><![CDATA[How long have you been a bioinformatics scientist for?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Most of the researcher have been a scientist whole life, but infact they actually started paying&nbsp; it with at certain time.So, how long have you been in bioinformatics domain now?</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44525/synorth-exploring-the-evolution-of-synteny-and-long-range-regulatory-interactions-in-vertebrate-genomes</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 06 May 2024 06:21:10 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44525/synorth-exploring-the-evolution-of-synteny-and-long-range-regulatory-interactions-in-vertebrate-genomes</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Synorth: exploring the evolution of synteny and long-range regulatory interactions in vertebrate genomes]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>Genomic regulatory blocks are chromosomal regions spanned by long clusters of highly conserved noncoding elements devoted to long-range regulation of developmental genes, often immobilizing other, unrelated genes into long-lasting syntenic arrangements. Synorth&nbsp;</span><a href="http://synorth.genereg.net/" target="_blank">http://synorth.genereg.net/</a><span>&nbsp;is a web resource for exploring and categorizing the syntenic relationships in genomic regulatory blocks across multiple genomes, tracing their evolutionary fate after teleost whole genome duplication at the level of genomic regulatory block loci, individual genes, and their phylogenetic context.</span></p>
<p><span>More at&nbsp;https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2745767/</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://synorth.genereg.net/" rel="nofollow">http://synorth.genereg.net/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>LEGE</dc:creator>
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