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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/29407?offset=410</link>
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	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	
	<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/37411/my-commonly-used-commands-in-bioinformatics</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 26 Jul 2018 04:58:45 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/37411/my-commonly-used-commands-in-bioinformatics</link>
	<title><![CDATA[My commonly used commands in Bioinformatics]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>FYI, I've found it useful to use MUMmer to extract the specific changes that Racon makes, so I can evaluate them individually:</p><pre><code>minimap -t 24 assembly.fasta long_reads.fastq.gz | racon -t 24 long_reads.fastq.gz - assembly.fasta racon_assembly.fasta
nucmer -p nucmer assembly.fasta racon_assembly.fasta
show-snps -C -T -r nucmer.delta
</code></pre><p>This reports Racon's changes in a table. You can exclude indels with the&nbsp;<code>-I</code>&nbsp;option in&nbsp;<code>show-snps</code>.&nbsp;</p><p>This process (Racon -&gt; MUMmer -&gt; SNP table) solves the problem I originally raised in this issue. So as far as I'm concerned, you can close this issue (or keep it open if you still want to implement some kind of variant table).</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/38063/referee-genome-assembly-quality-scores</guid>
	<pubDate>Sun, 04 Nov 2018 16:44:30 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/38063/referee-genome-assembly-quality-scores</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Referee: Genome assembly quality scores]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Modern genome sequencing technologies provide a succint measure of quality at each position in every read, however all of this information is lost in the assembly process. Referee summarizes the quality information from the reads that map to a site in an assembled genome to calculate a quality score for each position in the genome assembly.</p>
<p>We accomplish this by first calculating genotype likelihoods for every site. For a given site in a diploid genome, there are 10 possible genotypes (AA, AC, AG, AT, CC, CG, CT, GG, GT, TT). Referee takes as input the genotype likelihoods calculated for all 10 genotypes given the called reference base at each position.</p>
<h3>Referee is a program to calculate a quality score for every position in a genome assembly. This allows for easy filtering of low quality sites for any downstream analysis.</h3>
<p>https://github.com/gwct/referee</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://gwct.github.io/referee/#" rel="nofollow">https://gwct.github.io/referee/#</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/40699/kevler-reference-free-variant-discovery-in-large-eukaryotic-genomes</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 28 Jan 2020 03:21:53 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/40699/kevler-reference-free-variant-discovery-in-large-eukaryotic-genomes</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Kevler: Reference-free variant discovery in large eukaryotic genomes]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>Welcome to&nbsp;</span><span>kevlar</span><span>, software for predicting&nbsp;</span><em>de novo</em><span>&nbsp;genetic variants without mapping reads to a reference genome! kevlar's&nbsp;</span><em>k</em><span>-mer abundance based method calls single nucleotide variants (SNVs), multinucleotide variants (MNVs), insertion/deletion variants (indels), and structural variants (SVs) simultaneously with a single simple model.&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span>More at&nbsp;<a href="https://kevlar.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">https://kevlar.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</a></span></p>
<p><span><a href="https://www.cell.com/iscience/pdf/S2589-0042(19)30259-7.pdf">https://www.cell.com/iscience/pdf/S2589-0042(19)30259-7.pdf</a></span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/kevlar-dev/kevlar" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/kevlar-dev/kevlar</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/5894/rna-seq-data-pathway-and-gene-set-analysis-workflows</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 25 Oct 2013 08:00:48 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/5894/rna-seq-data-pathway-and-gene-set-analysis-workflows</link>
	<title><![CDATA[RNA-Seq Data Pathway and Gene-set Analysis Workflows]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>It describe the GAGE (Luo et al., 2009) /Pahview (Luo and Brouwer, 2013) workflows on&nbsp;RNA-Seq data pathway analysis and gene-set analysis.&nbsp;<span>The gage package (2.12.0) now includes a new tutorial, &ldquo;RNA-Seq Data Pathway and Gene-set Analysis Workflows&ldquo;.</span></p><p>First cover a full workflow from preparation, reads counting, data preprocessing, gene set test, to pathway visualization in about 40 lines of codes. The same workflow can be used for GO analysis or other types of gene set analysis too. We also describe joint workflows, i.e. to do gene-level analysis using one of the major RNA-Seq analysis tools, DEseq/DEseq2, edgeR, limma and Cufflinks, and feed the results into GAGE/Pahview for pathway analysis or visualization. All these workflows are implemented in R/Bioconductor.</p><p>The work ows cover the most common situations and issues for RNA-Seq data pathway analysis. Issues like&nbsp;data quality assessment are relevant for data analysis in general yet out the scope of this tutorial. Although we&nbsp;focus on RNA-Seq data here, but pathway analysis work ow remains similar for microarray, particularly step&nbsp;3-4 would be the same. Please check gage and pathview vigenttes for details.</p><p>Note: You need to update to current release versions of R(3.0.2)/ Bioconductor(2.13) to use all the features.&nbsp;</p><p>Reference:&nbsp;</p><p>Please check it out:<br /><a href="http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/gage.html">http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/gage.html</a><br /><a href="http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/vignettes/gage/inst/doc/RNA-seqWorkflow.pdf">http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/vignettes/gage/inst/doc/RNA-seqWorkflow.pdf</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/42419/biojupies-automatically-generates-rna-seq-data-analysis-notebooks</guid>
	<pubDate>Sun, 20 Dec 2020 11:43:45 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/42419/biojupies-automatically-generates-rna-seq-data-analysis-notebooks</link>
	<title><![CDATA[BioJupies: Automatically Generates RNA-seq Data Analysis Notebooks]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>With BioJupies you can produce in seconds a customized, reusable, and interactive report from your own raw or processed RNA-seq data through a simple user interface</p>
<p>BioJupies now supports user accounts! Sign in from the top right corner of the page for access to unlimited private notebooks, RNA-seq datasets and alignment jobs.</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/biojupies/" rel="nofollow">https://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/biojupies/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43447/rna-seq-workflow-gene-level-exploratory-analysis-and-differential-expression</guid>
	<pubDate>Sat, 09 Oct 2021 07:59:23 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43447/rna-seq-workflow-gene-level-exploratory-analysis-and-differential-expression</link>
	<title><![CDATA[RNA-seq workflow: gene-level exploratory analysis and differential expression]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>Here we walk through an end-to-end gene-level RNA-seq differential expression workflow using Bioconductor packages. We will start from the FASTQ files, show how these were quantified to the reference transcripts, and prepare gene-level count datasets for downstream analysis. We will perform exploratory data analysis (EDA) for quality assessment and to explore the relationship between samples, perform differential gene expression analysis, and visually explore the results.</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://master.bioconductor.org/packages/release/workflows/vignettes/rnaseqGene/inst/doc/rnaseqGene.html" rel="nofollow">http://master.bioconductor.org/packages/release/workflows/vignettes/rnaseqGene/inst/doc/rnaseqGene.html</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43308/rna-seq-differential-expression-work-flow-using-deseq2</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 23 Aug 2021 10:57:14 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43308/rna-seq-differential-expression-work-flow-using-deseq2</link>
	<title><![CDATA[RNA-Seq differential expression work flow using DESeq2]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>One of the aim of RNAseq data analysis is the detection of differentially expressed genes. The package&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/DESeq2.html">DESeq2</a><span>&nbsp;provides methods to test for differential expression analysis.</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://www.sthda.com/english/wiki/rna-seq-differential-expression-work-flow-using-deseq2" rel="nofollow">http://www.sthda.com/english/wiki/rna-seq-differential-expression-work-flow-using-deseq2</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44789/kallisto-vs-salmon-choosing-the-right-tool-for-rna-seq-quantification</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 02 May 2025 06:28:46 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44789/kallisto-vs-salmon-choosing-the-right-tool-for-rna-seq-quantification</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Kallisto vs Salmon: Choosing the Right Tool for RNA-Seq Quantification]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>In the world of transcriptomics, quantifying gene and transcript expression accurately and efficiently is crucial. With the explosion of RNA-Seq data, researchers have turned to fast, alignment-free tools that streamline the quantification process without compromising accuracy. Two leading tools in this space are&nbsp;<span>Kallisto</span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<span>Salmon</span>. Both tools are highly efficient and widely used in the bioinformatics community, but they differ in subtle yet important ways. If you're unsure which one to use for your next RNA-Seq project, this post is for you.</p><h2>What Are Kallisto and Salmon?</h2><p>At their core, both&nbsp;<span>Kallisto</span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<span>Salmon</span>&nbsp;are tools for&nbsp;<span>quantifying transcript abundance</span>&nbsp;from RNA-Seq reads. They bypass traditional alignment-based methods, replacing them with&nbsp;<span>pseudoalignment</span>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<span>quasi-mapping</span>, which drastically speeds up the process.</p><ul>
<li><span>Kallisto</span>&nbsp;was developed by Lior Pachter&rsquo;s lab and introduced the concept of&nbsp;<em>pseudoalignment</em>&nbsp;using a de Bruijn graph.</li>
<li><span>Salmon</span>, developed by Rob Patro&rsquo;s group, builds on this idea with&nbsp;<em>quasi-mapping</em>&nbsp;and offers additional features like advanced bias correction.</li>
</ul><h2>Head-to-Head Comparison</h2><h3>1. Algorithm</h3><ul>
<li><span>Kallisto</span>&nbsp;uses&nbsp;<em>pseudoalignment</em>, focusing on matching k-mers from reads to a transcriptome index.</li>
<li><span>Salmon</span>&nbsp;uses&nbsp;<em>quasi-mapping</em>, which adds more flexibility and can also work with aligned reads (BAM files).</li>
</ul><h3>2. Input and Flexibility</h3><ul>
<li><span>Kallisto</span>&nbsp;works with raw FASTQ reads and requires a custom transcriptome index.</li>
<li><span>Salmon</span>&nbsp;accepts FASTQ or pre-aligned BAM files, giving you more workflow options.</li>
</ul><h3>3. Bias Correction</h3><p>One of Salmon&rsquo;s major advantages is its sophisticated bias correction system. It corrects for:</p><ul>
<li>Sequence-specific bias</li>
<li>Positional bias</li>
<li>GC-content bias</li>
</ul><p>Kallisto offers basic sequence bias correction but lacks the comprehensive models found in Salmon.</p><h3>4. Speed and Resources</h3><ul>
<li><span>Kallisto</span>&nbsp;is blazing fast and slightly more memory-efficient.</li>
<li><span>Salmon</span>&nbsp;is still very fast, but the added features can come at a small computational cost.</li>
</ul><h3>5. Output and Downstream Analysis</h3><ul>
<li>Both tools provide transcript-level quantifications and support bootstrapping for variance estimation.</li>
<li><span>Salmon</span>&nbsp;can also summarize counts at the gene level if provided with a mapping file (<code>--geneMap</code>).</li>
<li>Kallisto integrates seamlessly with&nbsp;<span>Sleuth</span>&nbsp;for differential expression analysis.</li>
<li>Salmon works well with&nbsp;<span>tximport</span>,&nbsp;<span>DESeq2</span>,&nbsp;<span>edgeR</span>, and other Bioconductor tools.</li>
</ul><h2>Choosing the Right Tool</h2><table>
<thead>
<tr><th>Goal</th><th>Recommended Tool</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Maximum speed</td>
<td>Kallisto</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Advanced bias correction</td>
<td>Salmon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Use BAM files</td>
<td>Salmon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Transcript-level quantification with Sleuth</td>
<td>Kallisto</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Integration with DESeq2/edgeR</td>
<td>Salmon</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table><h2>Example Command Lines</h2><p><span>Kallisto</span>&nbsp;(paired-end):</p><pre><code>kallisto quant -i transcriptome.idx -o output -b 100 sample_R1.fastq sample_R2.fastq
</code></pre><p><span>Salmon</span>&nbsp;(paired-end, bias correction):</p><pre><code>salmon quant -i salmon_index -l A -1 sample_R1.fastq -2 sample_R2.fastq \
  -p 8 --validateMappings --seqBias --gcBias -o output
</code></pre><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>Both Kallisto and Salmon are exceptional tools that have transformed RNA-Seq analysis. Your choice largely depends on your priorities&mdash;whether it's speed, accuracy, flexibility, or compatibility with downstream tools.</p><p>For many users,&nbsp;<span>Salmon</span>&nbsp;offers a more complete and flexible solution, especially when bias correction and gene-level outputs are essential. However,&nbsp;<span>Kallisto</span>&nbsp;remains a favorite for quick, accurate quantification, especially when paired with the&nbsp;<span>Sleuth</span>&nbsp;pipeline.</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/37291/transrate-understanding-your-transcriptome-assembly</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 13 Jul 2018 07:49:26 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/37291/transrate-understanding-your-transcriptome-assembly</link>
	<title><![CDATA[transrate: Understanding your transcriptome assembly]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>Transrate is software for&nbsp;</span><em>de-novo</em><span>&nbsp;transcriptome assembly quality analysis. It examines your assembly in detail and compares it to experimental evidence such as the sequencing reads, reporting quality scores for contigs and assemblies. This allows you to choose between assemblers and parameters, filter out the bad contigs from an assembly, and help decide when to stop trying to improve the assembly.</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://hibberdlab.com/transrate/index.html" rel="nofollow">http://hibberdlab.com/transrate/index.html</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/4099/sequencing-solutions-to-world-health</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 29 Aug 2013 15:05:35 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/4099/sequencing-solutions-to-world-health</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Sequencing Solutions to World Health]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>"<em>New technology that quickly, easily and economically reveals the genomes of viruses and pathogens transforms public health and medicine."</em></p>
<p><strong>Source</strong>: Life technologies</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://www.lifetechnologies.com/global/en/home/communities-social/blog/blogs/sequencing-solutions-to-world-health.html?cid=social_blogseries_20130829_11098264" rel="nofollow">http://www.lifetechnologies.com/global/en/home/communities-social/blog/blogs/sequencing-solutions-to-world-health.html?cid=social_blogseries_20130829_11098264</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Agarwal</dc:creator>
</item>

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