What is de novo genome assembly?
The method of taking a large number of short DNA sequences and placing them back together to create a reflection of the original chromosomes from which the DNA originated relates to genome assembly. No previous knowledge of the source DNA sequence length, structure or composition is inferred by De novo genome assemblies. The DNA of the target organism is split up into millions of tiny parts and read on a sequencing computer in a genome sequencing experiment. Depending on the sequencing system used, these "reads" range from 20 to 1000 nucleotide base pairs (bp) in length. Usually, length reads of 36 - 150 bp are produced for Illumina style short read sequencing. These reads can be either “single ended” as described above or “paired end.”

Why genome assembly?
In basic research into why and how they live, as well as in applied topics, identifying the DNA sequence of an organism is useful. Awareness of a DNA sequence may be useful in virtually any biological research because of the relevance of DNA to living things. For example, it may be used in medicine to classify, diagnose and eventually improve genetic disorder therapies. Similarly, pathogens study can lead to treatments for infectious diseases.

Raw NGS data
Reads can be saved as a Fasta file as text or in a FastQ file with their attributes. FastQ is the most common read file format since this is what the Illumina sequencing pipeline creates. This will henceforth be the subject of our conversation.

In a nutshell the protocol:
Get the sequence file(s) read from the sequencing machine (s).
Look at the readings - have an idea of what you have and what the standard is like.
If required, raw data cleanup/quality trimming.
Choose an adequate parameter set for assembly.
Assemble the data into scaffolds/contigs.
Examine the assembly performance and determine the efficiency of the assembly.

Read Quality Control:
Check the qualiy with fastQC.
Script
https://bioinformaticsonline.com/snippets/view/42540/install-fastqc-using-conda

Quality trimming/cleanup of read files.
This function trims adapters, barcodes and other contaminants from the reads.
Script
https://bioinformaticsonline.com/snippets/view/42542/trimmomatic-command

Genome Assembly:
The object of this portion of the protocol is to explain the method of assembling the reads trimmed by quality into draft contigs.

spades.py -1 illumina_R1.fastq.gz -2 illumina_R2.fastq.gz --careful --cov-cutoff auto -o result_of_spades_assembly_all_illumina

A significant range of short-read assemblers are available. Everyone with strengths and disadvantages of their own.
Some of the assemblers available include:
Velvet
SOAP-denovo
MIRA
ALLPATHS

Next step is to assess the suitability and what to do with a draft package of contiguous details for the remainder of the study now. Few stuff you can note about the contigs you just created: They're the draft Contigs. Any mis-assemblies can occur.

Mis-assembly checking and assembly metric tools:
QUAST - Quality assessment tool for genome assembly http://bioinf.spbau.ru/quast
Mauve assembly metrics - http://code.google.com/p/ngopt/wiki/How_To_Score_Genome_Assemblies_with_Mauve
InGAP-SV - https://sites.google.com/site/nextgengenomics/ingap and http://ingap.sourceforge.net/
inGAP is also useful for finding structural variants between genomes from read mappings.

Genome finishing tools:
Semi-automated gap fillers:
Gap filler - http://www.baseclear.com/landingpages/basetools-a-wide-range-of-bioinformatics-solutions/gapfiller/

IMAGE (V2) - http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/image2/index.php?title=Main_Page

Genome visualisers and editors:
Artemis - http://www.sanger.ac.uk/resources/software/artemis/
IGV - http://www.broadinstitute.org/igv/

Automated and semi automated annotation tools:
Prokka - https://github.com/tseemann/prokka
RAST - http://www.nmpdr.org/FIG/wiki/view.cgi/FIG/RapidAnnotationServer
JCVI Annotation Service - http://www.jcvi.org/cms/research/projects/annotation-service/

Frequent command use for the analysis are at:

https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/38765/list-of-tools-frequently-used-while-genome-assembly
https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/42275/frequent-parameters-for-bioinformatics-tools

NIPGR is commonly known as National Institute of Plant Genome Research. Recently, it’s great opportunity for those candidates who are interested to do job in NIPGR. National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR) had found to build a bridge between the branches of natural sciences and due this connection it is steeping on the heaps of success. Its objectives to preserve, research, production and the advancement in the trait are very clear and also being appreciated by the nation and had been contributing for the further enrichment of the institute. NIPGR had announced the recruitment to further make improvements and amendments by the young potential in their panel. The recruitment is being announced for the post is mentioned below. We are giving a complete information to applicants for find their eligibility as per desired post under NIPGR Recruitment 2015 project but if the candidates are not satisfied with this information then they can download an official advertisement of NIPGR recruitment 2015 from the link defined ahead under the head of reference.

NIPGR Recruitment 2015 for the 1 post of Research Associate: National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR) had instigated the progression of the recruitment and this process is linked thoroughly so as the 1 post of Research Associate. Applicants are associated and linked with the education to be PHD degree in the life science, biotechnology, bioinformatics or molecular biology. Applicants are associated with the dispatch of the application along with the required certificates so as on the date of 24th Feb 2015.

The recruitment notification and application @ http://www.nipgr.res.in/careers/vacancies_latest.php#

More at https://ucdavis-bioinformatics-training.github.io/

Address of the bookmark: https://ucdavis-bioinformatics-training.github.io/2020-Genome_Assembly_Workshop/snakemake/snakemake_intro

More at http://bcil.nic.in/default.htm

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/cschin/Peregrine

Vacancies:
Research Associate-02
Age Limits:
Candidates age limit should be not more than 40 years as on date of interview.
Qualification:
Candidates should possess Ph.D in Bioinformatics/Agricultural Statistics/Statistics/Computer Science/Computer Application or equivalent.
Selection Process:
Selection will be based on interview.
How to Apply:
Eligible candidates may attend for interview along with application in prescribed format, recent passport size photograph pasted on the application form, bio-data, original certificates and self attested copies of relevant documents, all experience certificates, testimonials etc, held at Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi on 18-04-2015 at 10:30 AM.
Last Date:
18-04-2015

https://www.genome.gov/event-calendar/perspectives-in-comparative-genomics-and-evolution

Address of the bookmark: https://www.genome.gov/event-calendar/perspectives-in-comparative-genomics-and-evolution

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/sc932/ALE