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<channel>
	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/30336?offset=500</link>
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	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	
	<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/11603/ncbi-webinar</guid>
	<pubDate>Sun, 08 Jun 2014 02:47:01 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/11603/ncbi-webinar</link>
	<title><![CDATA[NCBI Webinar]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>In less than two weeks, NCBI will offer a webinar entitled "Introducing 3 NCBI Resources to Navigate Testing for Disease Linked Variants: MedGen, GTR and ClinVar". This webinar will delve into the lifecycle of genetic testing and teach attendees how to navigate the NIH Genetic Testing Registry, ClinVar, and MedGen resources. These resources can be used to prepare for clinical cases, access detailed information about orderable genetic tests, interpret test results, and more.</p><p>More at https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/8452228815737989634</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43546/introduction-to-phylogenies-in-r</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 13 Oct 2021 02:27:21 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43546/introduction-to-phylogenies-in-r</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Introduction to phylogenies in R]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>R phylogenetics is built on the contributed packages for phylogenetics in R, and there are many such packages. Let's begin today by installing a few critical packages, such as ape, phangorn, phytools, and geiger. To get the most recent CRAN version of these packages, you will need to have R 3.3.x installed on your computer!</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://www.phytools.org/Cordoba2017/ex/2/Intro-to-phylogenies.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.phytools.org/Cordoba2017/ex/2/Intro-to-phylogenies.html</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhi</dc:creator>
</item>

<item>
  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/12111/internship-program-with-arraygen-technolgies</guid>
  <pubDate>Sun, 22 Jun 2014 23:18:31 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Internship program with ArrayGen Technolgies]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Internship Program for Bioinformatics / Biotechnology Professionals Currently we offer positions to outstanding students interested in Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data analysis. Applications are accepted throughout the year. Accepted students will be listed on web with their schedules. Accepted students can attend our future workshops and trainings freely at the specified venue.</p>

<p>Interested candidates may email their resume along with a cover letter to careers@arraygen.com</p>

<p>Official website: http://www.arraygen.com/</p>
]]></description>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44213/bioinformatics-tools-to-explore-ssrs-in-genomes</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 07 Mar 2023 13:06:15 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44213/bioinformatics-tools-to-explore-ssrs-in-genomes</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Bioinformatics tools to explore SSRs in genomes !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>There are several bioinformatics tools that can be used to explore Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), which are also known as microsatellites. Here are a few examples:</p><ol>
<li>
<p>MISA: MISA (MIcroSAtellite) is a web-based tool that can identify SSRs in DNA sequences. It can be used to analyze nucleotide sequences from various organisms and can identify perfect, compound, and imperfect SSRs.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>SSR Locator: SSR Locator is a web-based tool that identifies SSRs in both DNA and RNA sequences. It can identify perfect, compound, and imperfect SSRs, and can also filter out low complexity regions.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>SciRoKo: SciRoKo is a software tool that can identify SSRs in DNA sequences. It can be used to analyze genomic and transcriptomic sequences from various organisms and can identify perfect, compound, and imperfect SSRs.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Primer3: Primer3 is a web-based tool that designs PCR primers for SSRs. It can design primers for perfect and imperfect SSRs, and can be used to design primers for SSRs in various organisms.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>QDD: QDD (Quick Detection of Duplication) is a software tool that can identify SSRs in DNA sequences and can also identify duplicate loci. It can be used to analyze genomic and transcriptomic sequences from various organisms.</p>
</li>
</ol><p>These are just a few examples of the many bioinformatics tools available for exploring SSRs. Depending on your specific needs and research questions, you may find that other tools are more appropriate for your analysis.</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
</item>

<item>
  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/12566/jrf-at-national-research-centre-on-plant-biotechnology</guid>
  <pubDate>Fri, 04 Jul 2014 13:36:02 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[JRF at NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE ON PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE ON PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY</p>

<p>New Delhi-110012</p>

<p>Walk in interview</p>

<p>Eligible candidates may appear for Walk-in interview for the temporary positions of JRF/SRF/ RA, in ICAR, DBT funded research projects. Positions are purely temporary in nature and are co-terminus with the projects. The initial appointment will be for maximum one year, which can be extended on the basis of assessment of the candidate performance and need in the project work (PI-Dr. N. K. Singh, National Professor).</p>

<p>Name of the</p>

<p>PI (Project)<br />	</p>

<p>Name of</p>

<p>Position<br />	</p>

<p>Number of</p>

<p>positions<br />	</p>

<p>Emoluments</p>

<p>Fixed per</p>

<p>month (Rs.)<br />	</p>

<p>Essential</p>

<p>Qualifications</p>

<p>DBT-“Physical Mapping and Sample sequencing of Wheat Chromosome 2A- International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (India)”.</p>

<p>(Up to Nov,2014)</p>

<p>DBT- Identification and functional analysis of genes related to yield and biotic stresses (Up to Oct,2014)</p>

<p>NPTC-Central Facility<br />	</p>

<p>RA (Master)</p>

<p>JRF/SRF</p>

<p>Research Associate: One</p>

<p>Essential: MCA or M. Tech. (Bioinformatics and computer Science with 2 years experience in Database Management with</p>

<p>MySQL, Linux)</p>

<p>Desirable: Proficiency in handling of large biological databases</p>

<p>Age limit: Max. Age 35 years (Age of relaxation of 5 years for SC/ST&amp; woman. and 3 years for OBC). The interview will be held on 08 July, 2014 at 11 am at room no. 39, NRCPB, LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012. The candidates must bring original certificates and four copies of biodata, and recent passport size photograph. No TA/DA would be given for the appearance in interview. Only the candidates having essential qualifications would be entertained for the interviews.</p>

<p>Advertisement:</p>

<p>www.nrcpb.org/sites/default/files/news%20paper%20advirtisment..docx</p>
]]></description>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/34221/alignment-free-sequence-comparison-tools-available-for-next-generation-sequencing-data-analysis</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 07 Nov 2017 05:33:33 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/34221/alignment-free-sequence-comparison-tools-available-for-next-generation-sequencing-data-analysis</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Alignment-free sequence comparison tools available for next-generation sequencing data analysis]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<div><p><span>kallisto</span></p></div><div><p>Transcript abundance quantification from RNA-seq data (uses pseudoalignment for rapid determination of read compatibility with targets)</p><p>Software (C++)</p><p><a href="https://pachterlab.github.io/kallisto/">https://pachterlab.github.io/kallisto/</a></p><p>Sailfish</p><p>Estimation of isoform abundances from reference sequences and RNA-seq data (<em>k</em>-mer based)</p><p>Software (C++)</p><p><a href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ckingsf/software/sailfish/">http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ckingsf/software/sailfish/</a></p><p>Salmon</p><p>Quantification of the expression of transcripts using RNA-seq data (uses&nbsp;<em>k</em>-mers)</p><p><a href="https://combine-lab.github.io/salmon/">https://combine-lab.github.io/salmon/</a></p><p>RNA-Skim</p><p>RNA-seq quantification at transcript-level (partitions the transcriptome into disjoint transcript clusters; uses&nbsp;<em>sig</em>-mers, a special type of&nbsp;<em>k</em>-mers)</p><p>Software (C++)</p><p><a href="http://www.csbio.unc.edu/rs/">http://www.csbio.unc.edu/rs/</a></p><p>Variant calling</p><p>ChimeRScope</p><p>Fusion transcript prediction using gene&nbsp;<em>k</em>-mers profiles of the RNA-seq paired-end reads</p><p>Software (Java)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/ChimeRScope/ChimeRScope/wiki">https://github.com/ChimeRScope/ChimeRScope/wiki</a></p><p>FastGT</p><p>Genotyping of known SNV/SNP variants directly from raw NGS sequence reads by counting unique&nbsp;<em>k</em>-mers</p><p>Software (C)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/bioinfo-ut/GenomeTester4/">https://github.com/bioinfo-ut/GenomeTester4/</a></p><p>Phy-Mer</p><p>Reference-independent mitochondrial haplogroup classifier from NGS data (<em>k</em>-mer based)</p><p>Software (Python)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/danielnavarrogomez/phy-mer">https://github.com/danielnavarrogomez/phy-mer</a></p><p>LAVA</p><p>Genotyping of known SNPs (dbSNP and Affymetrix's Genome-Wide Human SNP Array) from raw NGS reads (<em>k</em>-mer based)</p><p>Software (C)</p><p><a href="http://lava.csail.mit.edu/">http://lava.csail.mit.edu/</a></p><p>MICADo</p><p>Detection of mutations in targeted third-generation NGS data (can distinguish patients&rsquo; specific mutations; algorithm uses&nbsp;<em>k</em>-mers and is based on colored de Bruijn graphs)</p><p>Software (Python)</p><p><a href="http://github.com/cbib/MICADo">http://github.com/cbib/MICADo</a></p><p>General mapper</p><p>Minimap</p><p>Lightweight and fast read mapper and read overlap detector (uses the concept of &ldquo;minimazers&rdquo;, a special type of&nbsp;<em>k</em>-mers)</p><p>Software (C)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/lh3/minimap">https://github.com/lh3/minimap</a></p><p>Assembly</p><p>De novo genome assembly</p><p>MHAP</p><p>Produces highly continuous assembly (fully resolved chromosome arms) from third-generation long and noisy reads (10 kbp) using a dimensionality reduction technique MinHash</p><p>Software (Java)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/marbl/MHAP">https://github.com/marbl/MHAP</a></p><p>Miniasm</p><p>Assembler of long noisy reads (SMRT, ONT) using the Overlap-Layout Consensus (OLC) approach without the necessity of an error correction stage (uses minimap)</p><p>Software (C)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/lh3/miniasm">https://github.com/lh3/miniasm</a></p><p>LINKS</p><p>Scaffolding genome assembly with error-containing long sequence (e.g., ONT or PacBio reads, draft genomes)</p><p>Software (Perl)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/warrenlr/LINKS/">https://github.com/warrenlr/LINKS/</a></p><p>Read clustering</p><p>afcluster</p><p>Clustering of reads from different genes and different species based on&nbsp;<em>k</em>-mer counts</p><p>Software (C++)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/luscinius/afcluster">https://github.com/luscinius/afcluster</a></p><p>QCluster</p><p>Clustering of reads with alignment-free measures (<em>k</em>-mer based) and quality values</p><p>Software (C++)</p><p><a href="http://www.dei.unipd.it/~ciompin/main/qcluster.html">http://www.dei.unipd.it/~ciompin/main/qcluster.html</a></p><p>Reads error correction</p><p>Lighter</p><p>Correction of sequencing errors in raw, whole genome sequencing reads (<em>k</em>-mer based)</p><p>Software (C++)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/mourisl/Lighter">https://github.com/mourisl/Lighter</a></p><p>QuorUM</p><p>Error corrector for Illumina reads using k-mers</p><p>Software (C++)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/gmarcais/Quorum">https://github.com/gmarcais/Quorum</a></p><p>Trowel</p><p>Software (C++)</p><p><a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/trowel-ec/">https://sourceforge.net/projects/trowel-ec/</a></p><p>Metagenomics</p><p>Assembly-free phylogenomics</p><p>AAF</p><p>Phylogeny reconstruction directly from unassembled raw sequence data from whole genome sequencing projects; provides bootstrap support to assess uncertainty in the tree topology (<em>k</em>-mer based)</p><p>Software (Python)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/fanhuan/AAF">https://github.com/fanhuan/AAF</a></p><p>kSNP v3</p><p>Reference-free SNP identification and estimation of phylogenetic trees using SNPs (based on&nbsp;<em>k</em>-mer analysis)</p><p>Software (C)</p><p><a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/ksnp/files/">https://sourceforge.net/projects/ksnp/files/</a></p><p>NGS-MC</p><p>Phylogeny of species based on NGS reads using alignment-free sequence dissimilarity measures d2* and d2&nbsp;S&nbsp;under different Markov chain models (using&nbsp;<em>k</em>-words)</p><p>R package</p><p><a href="http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~fsun/Programs/NGS-MC/NGS-MC.html">http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~fsun/Programs/NGS-MC/NGS-MC.html</a></p><p>Species identification/taxonomic profiling</p><p>CLARK</p><p>Taxonomic classification of metagenomic reads to known bacterial genomes using&nbsp;<em>k</em>-mer search and LCA assignment</p><p>Software (C++)</p><p><a href="http://clark.cs.ucr.edu/">http://clark.cs.ucr.edu/</a></p><p>FOCUS</p><p>Reports organisms present in metagenomic samples and profiles their abundances (uses composition-based approach and non-negative least squares for prediction)</p><p>Web service Software (Python)</p><p><a href="http://edwards.sdsu.edu/FOCUS/">http://edwards.sdsu.edu/FOCUS/</a></p><p>GSM</p><p>Estimation of abundances of microbial genomes in metagenomic samples (<em>k</em>-mer based)</p><p>Software (Go)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/pdtrang/GSM">https://github.com/pdtrang/GSM</a></p><p>Mash</p><p>Species identification using assembled or unassembled Illumina, PacBio, and ONT data (based on MinHash dimensionality-reduction technique)</p><p>Software (C++)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/marbl/mash">https://github.com/marbl/mash</a></p><p>Kraken</p><p>Taxonomic assignment in metagenome analysis by exact&nbsp;<em>k</em>-mer search; LCA assignment of short reads based on a comprehensive sequence database</p><p>Software (C++)</p><p><a href="https://ccb.jhu.edu/software/kraken/">https://ccb.jhu.edu/software/kraken/</a></p><p>LMAT</p><p>Assignment of taxonomic labels to reads by&nbsp;<em>k</em>-mers searches in precomputed database</p><p>Software (C++/Python)</p><p><a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/lmat/">https://sourceforge.net/projects/lmat/</a></p><p>stringMLST</p><p><em>k</em>-mer-based tool for MLST directly from the genome sequencing reads</p><p>Software (Python)</p><p><a href="http://jordan.biology.gatech.edu/page/software/stringMLST">http://jordan.biology.gatech.edu/page/software/stringMLST</a></p><p>Taxonomer</p><p><em>k</em>-mer-based ultrafast metagenomics tool for assigning taxonomy to sequencing reads from clinical and environmental samples</p><p>Web service</p><p><a href="http://taxonomer.iobio.io/">http://taxonomer.iobio.io/</a></p><p>Other</p><p>d2-tools</p><p>Word-based (<em>k</em>-tuple) comparison (pairwise dissimilarity matrix using d2S measure) of metatranscriptomic samples from NGS reads</p><p>Software (Python/R)</p><p><a href="https://code.google.com/p/d2-tools/">https://code.google.com/p/d2-tools/</a></p><p>VirHostMatcher</p><p>Prediction of hosts from metagenomic viral sequences based on ONF using various distance measures (e.g., d2)</p><p>Software (C++)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/jessieren/VirHostMatcher">https://github.com/jessieren/VirHostMatcher</a></p><p>MetaFast</p><p>Statistics calculation of metagenome sequences and the distances between them based on assembly using de Bruijn graphs and Bray&ndash;Curtis dissimilarity measure</p><p>Software (Java)</p><p><a href="https://github.com/ctlab/metafast">https://github.com/ctlab/metafast</a></p></div>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhimanyu Singh</dc:creator>
</item>

<item>
  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/12988/guest-lecturer-molecular-biology-bioinformatics</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jul 2014 13:34:41 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Guest Lecturer - Molecular Biology &amp; Bioinformatics]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Adv. No. F.TU/ACA/GT-APP/01/14 Date: 07.07.2014</p>

<p>Faculty of Science</p>

<p>Essential Qualifications:</p>

<p>(i) Good academic record having at least 55% marks (or an equivalent grade in a point scale wherever grading system is followed) at the Master’s Degree level in a relevant subject, from an Indian University, or an equivalent degree from an accredited foreign University.</p>

<p>(II) Besides fulfilling the above qualifications, the candidates must have cleared the National Eligibility Test (NET) conducted by the UGC, CSIR or similar test accredited by the UGC like SLET/SET.</p>

<p>(III) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-clauses (i) and (ii) of clause 4.4.1 of UGC regulations 2010, candidates, who are, or have been awarded a Ph.D. Degree in accordance with the University Grants Commission (Minimum Standards and Procedure for Award of Ph.D. Degree) Regulations, 2009, shall be exempted from the requirement of the minimum eligibility condition of NET/ SLET/ SET for engagement of guest Teacher.</p>

<p>(IV) NET/ SLET/ SET shall also not be required for such Master’s Degree Programmes in discipline for which NET/ SLET/ SET is not conducted.</p>

<p>Application form along with detailed instructions can be downloaded from Tripura University website: www.tripurauniv.in. The duly filled in application forms complete in all respects may be sent so as to reach the Office of the Deputy Registrar Academic Branch, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar - 799022, Tripura on or before 31st July, 2014. The Candidates who responded against advertisement No. TU.REG/N-Advt./02/10 dated 20.02.2014 need not apply again.</p>

<p>For more info visit: http://www.tripurauniv.in/images/universitymedia/EmploymentNotification/Guest%20Teacher%20Advt.%20website_09072014.pdf</p>
]]></description>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/35429/list-of-visualization-tools-for-genome-alignments</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 02 Feb 2018 13:25:33 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/35429/list-of-visualization-tools-for-genome-alignments</link>
	<title><![CDATA[List of visualization tools for genome alignments]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>Genome</span><span>&nbsp;browsers are useful not only for showing final results but also for improving analysis protocols, testing data quality, and generating result drafts. Its integration in analysis pipelines allows the optimization of parameters, which leads to better results. But sometime, we need publication ready figure of genomes. Following are the list of genome alignment visualization tools, which could be useful for analysis and&nbsp;interpretation of results:</span></p><p>ABySS Explorer</p><p>Interactive Java application that uses a novel graph-based representation to display a sequence assembly and associated metadata</p><p>http://www.bcgsc.ca/platform/bioinfo/software/abyss-explorer</p><p>BamView</p><p>Genome browser and annotation tool that allows visualization of sequence features, next-generation sequencing (NGS) data and the results of analyses within the context of the sequence, and also its six-frame translation</p><p>http://www.sanger.ac.uk/resources/software/artemis/</p><p>DNannotator&nbsp;</p><p>Annotation web toolkit for regional genomic sequences</p><p>http://bioapp.psych.uic.edu/DNannotator.htm</p><p>JVM&nbsp;</p><p>Java Visual Mapping tool for NGS reads</p><p>http://www.springer.com/cda/content/document/cda_downloaddocument/9789401792448-c2.pdf?SGWID=0-0-45-1487072-p176815501</p><p>LookSeq&nbsp;</p><p>Web-based visualization of sequences derived from multiple sequencing technologies. Low- or high-depth read pileups and easy visualization of putative single nucleotide and structural variation</p><p>http://lookseq.sourceforge.net</p><p>MagicViewer&nbsp;</p><p>Visualization of short read alignment, identification of genetic variation and association with annotation information of a reference genome</p><p>http://bioinformatics.zj.cn/magicviewer/</p><p>MapView&nbsp;</p><p>Alignments of huge-scale single-end and pair-end short reads</p><p>http://omictools.com/mapview-s1367.html</p><p>MultiPipMaker</p><p>Computes alignments of similar regions in two DNA sequences. The resulting alignments are summarized with a &lsquo;percent identity plot&rsquo; (pip)</p><p>http://pipmaker.bx.psu.edu/pipmaker/</p><p>PileLineGUI&nbsp;</p><p>Handling genome position files in NGS studies</p><p>http://sing.ei.uvigo.es/pileline/pilelinegui.html</p><p>SAMtools tview&nbsp;</p><p>Simple and fast text alignment viewer; NGS compatible</p><p>http://www.htslib.org/</p><p>SEWAL</p><p>Uses a locality-sensitive hashing algorithm to enumerate all unique sequences in an entire Illumina sequencing run</p><p>http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/sewal</p><p>STAR&nbsp;</p><p>A web-based integrated solution to management and visualization of sequencing data</p><p>http://wanglab.ucsd.edu/star/browser</p><p>SVA&nbsp;</p><p>Software for annotating and visualizing sequenced human genomes</p><p>http://www.svaproject.org</p><p>Viewer (IGV)&nbsp;</p><p>Visualization of large heterogeneous datasets, providing a smooth and intuitive user experience at all levels of genome resolution</p><p>https://www.broadinstitute.org/igv/</p><p>ZOOM Lite&nbsp;</p><p>NGS data mapping and visualization software</p><p>http://bioinfor.com/zoom/lite/</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/14215/the-8000-years-old-tibetian-gene-mutation</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 20 Aug 2014 21:57:44 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/14215/the-8000-years-old-tibetian-gene-mutation</link>
	<title><![CDATA[The 8000 years old Tibetian gene mutation !!!]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>A new study has provided insight into how gene mutation around 8,000 years ago helped Tibetans' to survive in the thin air on the Tibetan Plateau, where an average elevation is of 14,800 feet.<br /><br />A study led by University of Utah scientists is the first to find a genetic cause for the adaptation, a single DNA base pair change that dates back 8,000 years and demonstrate how it contributes to the Tibetans' ability to live in low oxygen conditions.</p><p>About 8,000 years ago, the gene EGLN1 changed by a single DNA base pair. Today, a relatively short time later on the scale of human history, 88 percent of Tibetans have the genetic variation, and it was virtually absent from closely related lowland Asians. The findings indicate the genetic variation endows its carriers with an advantage.<br /><br />In those without the adaptation, low oxygen caused their blood to become thick with oxygen-carrying red blood cells, an attempt to feed starved tissues, which could cause long-term complications such as heart failure. The researchers found that the newly identified genetic variation protected Tibetans by decreasing the over-response to low oxygen.</p><p>Reference: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v512/n7513/abs/nature13408.html</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/36842/gap-filling-or-contigs-extensions-tools</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jun 2018 08:07:32 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/36842/gap-filling-or-contigs-extensions-tools</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Gap filling or Contigs extensions tools !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[
<p>There are many tools to perform gap filling using Illumina short reads, for example "GapFiller: a de novo assembly approach to fill the gap within paired reads" or "Toward almost closed genomes with GapFiller". There are also some tools like GAPresolution that can help to perform local re-assemblies using 454 reads. We used GAPresolution but it is not a very good software, it is useful only in some specific situations.</p>

<p>Take a look at the PRICE software from the DeRisi lab. Its meant to do something very similar. http://derisilab.ucsf.edu/index.php?page=software</p>

<p>You could also look at SSPACE (http://www.baseclear.com/landingpages/basetools-a-wide-range-of-bioinformatics-solutions/sspacev12/), ATLAS tools (http://www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu/content/bcm-hgsc-software), and SCARPA (http://compbio.cs.toronto.edu/hapsembler/scarpa.html).</p>

<p>See the PAGIT protocol: http://www.sanger.ac.uk/resources/software/pagit/ </p>

<p>In particular, take a look at the IMAGE tool: http://genomebiology.com/2010/11/4/R41 </p>

<p>Also SOAPdenovo has ha function for scaffolding. Not sure about ABYSS</p>

<p>Here there is a useful explanation of several tools.</p>

<p>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/search?q=scaffolding&amp;entity_type=object&amp;entity_subtype=bookmarks&amp;offset=0&amp;search_type=entities</p>

<p>I could be wrong, but the above answers to your hypothetical scenario appear to miss the point that you aren't interested in assembling the full genome, just the 100 kb part you're interested in. I suggest the following algorithm:</p>

<p>1. Start with the initial assembly C0 of the contigs you have identified as overlapping your region of interest, and the set S of reads those contigs contain. Let C = C0.</p>

<p>2. Repeat:<br />a. Identify paired-end reads (not in C) for which one or both ends align within, or extending, contigs in C.<br />b. Identify unpaired reads that align extending these new paired-end reads.<br />c. Construct a new assembly C' from C and the new reads identified in (a) and (b).<br />d. Trim C' so it does not extend more than 100 kb to either end of C0. Set C = C'.<br />e. Let S' denote the reads that contribute to C'. If S' does not contain any reads not present in S, stop. Otherwise, Set S = S'.</p>

<p>3. If you don't have a complete assembly of the region of interest, generate an STS for each end of each contig, probe a library for clones including these STSes, subclone these clones into a paired-end sequencing vector, and generate paired-end reads for this library; then try steps (1) and (2) again, adding these new sequencing reads to what you had before.</p>

<p>4. If your average sequencing depth for the region of interest exceeds 25 or so without filling all gaps, it is likely that the remaining gaps represent sequences that are not getting cloned in your sequencing vectors. Try different sequencing vectors.</p>
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	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
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