About 8,000 years ago, the gene EGLN1 changed by a single DNA base pair. Today, a relatively short time later on the scale of human history, 88 percent of Tibetans have the genetic variation, and it was virtually absent from closely related lowland Asians. The findings indicate the genetic variation endows its carriers with an advantage.

In those without the adaptation, low oxygen caused their blood to become thick with oxygen-carrying red blood cells, an attempt to feed starved tissues, which could cause long-term complications such as heart failure. The researchers found that the newly identified genetic variation protected Tibetans by decreasing the over-response to low oxygen.

Reference: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v512/n7513/abs/nature13408.html

Take a look at the PRICE software from the DeRisi lab. Its meant to do something very similar. http://derisilab.ucsf.edu/index.php?page=software

You could also look at SSPACE (http://www.baseclear.com/landingpages/basetools-a-wide-range-of-bioinformatics-solutions/sspacev12/), ATLAS tools (http://www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu/content/bcm-hgsc-software), and SCARPA (http://compbio.cs.toronto.edu/hapsembler/scarpa.html).

See the PAGIT protocol: http://www.sanger.ac.uk/resources/software/pagit/

In particular, take a look at the IMAGE tool: http://genomebiology.com/2010/11/4/R41

Also SOAPdenovo has ha function for scaffolding. Not sure about ABYSS

Here there is a useful explanation of several tools.

https://bioinformaticsonline.com/search?q=scaffolding&entity_type=object&entity_subtype=bookmarks&offset=0&search_type=entities

I could be wrong, but the above answers to your hypothetical scenario appear to miss the point that you aren't interested in assembling the full genome, just the 100 kb part you're interested in. I suggest the following algorithm:

1. Start with the initial assembly C0 of the contigs you have identified as overlapping your region of interest, and the set S of reads those contigs contain. Let C = C0.

2. Repeat:
a. Identify paired-end reads (not in C) for which one or both ends align within, or extending, contigs in C.
b. Identify unpaired reads that align extending these new paired-end reads.
c. Construct a new assembly C' from C and the new reads identified in (a) and (b).
d. Trim C' so it does not extend more than 100 kb to either end of C0. Set C = C'.
e. Let S' denote the reads that contribute to C'. If S' does not contain any reads not present in S, stop. Otherwise, Set S = S'.

3. If you don't have a complete assembly of the region of interest, generate an STS for each end of each contig, probe a library for clones including these STSes, subclone these clones into a paired-end sequencing vector, and generate paired-end reads for this library; then try steps (1) and (2) again, adding these new sequencing reads to what you had before.

4. If your average sequencing depth for the region of interest exceeds 25 or so without filling all gaps, it is likely that the remaining gaps represent sequences that are not getting cloned in your sequencing vectors. Try different sequencing vectors.

No.of Posts:01 (SC)

Pay Scale:

Pay Band of Rs.15600-39100 + Rs.6000/- GP +NPA @ 25% of Basic Pay +Learning Resource Allowance @ Rs.20,000/-P.A.+ Conveyance Allowance @ Rs. 1650/-P.M.+ Academic Allowance @ Rs.2500/- P.M. and other admissible allowances.

Qualifications:

Area of Specialization:-

Bioinformatics/Computational/Biology/Genomics/ Proteomics/ Structural Biology

1. Postgraduate qualification, e.g. Master’s Degree in Biotechnology/Bioinformatics/ Biophysics.

2. A Doctorate Degree of recognized University/Institute in a basic or allied Medical Science subject e.g. Medical Biotechnology/Biophysics. Bioinformatics/X-ray Crystallography/

Immunology/Structural Biology etc

Experience:

1.Minimum three years teaching and/or research experience in a recognized medical/research Institution in an allied medical subject after obtaining doctorate degree and preferably in Medical

Molecular Biology/ Biophysics/Structural Biology/Genomics and Clinical Proteomics/Computational Biology.

2. Minimum two publication with atleast one in international journal and atleast one as first author

Desirable:-

Consistently excellent scholastic/academic record, demonstrated ability to write grant proposal/(s) successfully, Post Doctoral training in a frontier area of medical Bioinformatics Research and of direct relevance to clinical diagnosis or patient care (preferably from a recognized top-ranking medical institution abroad)

Send your applications to O/O, Deputy Registrar, Recruitment & Establishment Cell, University of Health Sciences, Rohtak by 08.7.2014

For more details,please visit website:http://pgimsrohtak.nic.in/2014%20AP%20Advt.pdf

Address of the bookmark: https://www.molinspiration.com/

1.Stupid for biologist: Biology is so complex that it will make bioinformatician feel stupid. There are no any universal fixed rules; it can surprise you any time. So be nice to biologists who ask questions and resolve your biological puzzles. Sometime you will have no idea what the hell you were doing either.

2.Puzzling why: Do not hesitate to ask question. Especially. at the beginning of project you will have to ask a lot of questions. Instead of puzzling it out at end check out and clear your doubt even for a single error. It may can leads to wrong conclusion.

3.Running marathon: The most of the biological software’s documentation is always incomplete. In other word they are no more than 95 percent complete. Sometime a single problem can halt your entire project for months. Compilation and running the pipelines in tedious because almost all are interdependent and need proper configuration. I face the same kind of problem with Evolver :( …

4.Folders missing: The pipelines generate lots of data, and we keep them in several folders for future use. But sometime we delete them by mistake and move to recovery…

5.Digging deeper: Digging deeper is fruitful, but some time it can be catastrophic. You may get frustrated or direction less. So keep a biologist with you for rescue …. Sometime an expert computer programmer to handle your server. Remember, the server will always go down when you need it the most.

The most common frustrating  common line: Why do we do this again?

More at https://dahak-metagenomics.github.io/dahak/

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/dahak-metagenomics/dahak

The Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Unit of Université de Liège (Belgium) is looking for a highly motivated master student with programming skills for a PhD thesis project (4 years, fully funded) with the goal of designing computational tools that use literature, genomic and structural data in order to infer regulatory and metabolic networks.

Applicants are invited to send their resume and a recommendation letter to Prof. Patrick Meyer (more details at www.biosys.ulg.ac.be )

For more information : www.biosys.ulg.ac.be

At present, some people have posted articles about the analysis process of WGD. I searched for the keyword "wgd pipeline" and found the following:

GenoDup: https:// github.com/MaoYafei/GenoDup-Pipeline
https://peerj.com/articles/6303/
WGDdetector: https:// github.com/yongzhiyang2 012/WGDdetector
https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-019-2670-3
wgd: https:// github.com/arzwa/wgd
https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-016-1142-2#Sec1
https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-017-0399-x
GeNoGAP https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-016-1142-2
https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-017-0399-x
https://github.com/dfguan/purge_dups
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.24.917997v1

This article introduces the usage of wgd.

Wgd cannot be installed directly with bioconda at present, so it is a little troublesome to install, because it depends on a lot of software. wgd depends on the following software

BLAST
MCL
MUSCLE/MAFFT/PRANK
PAML
PhyML/FastTree
i-ADHoRe

But the good news is that most of the software it depends on can be installed with bioconda

conda create -n wgd python=3.5 blast mcl muscle mafft prank paml fasttree cmake libpng mpi=1.0=mpich
conda activate wgd

Here mpi=1.0=mpich is selected, because i-adhore depends on mpich. If openmpi is installed, an error will appear while loading shared libraries: libmpi_cxx.so.40: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

After that, the installation is much simpler

git clone https://github.com/arzwa/wgd.git
cd wgd
pip install .
pip install git+https://github.com/arzwa/wgd.git
For i-ADHoRe, you need to register at http:// bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be /webtools/i-adhore/licensing/Agree to the license to download i-ADHoRe-3.0

Since my miniconda3 installed ~/opt/, the installation path is so~/opt/miniconda3/envs/wgd/

tar -zxvf i-adhore-3.0.01.tar.gz
cd i-adhore-3.0.01
mkdir -p build && cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/opt/miniconda3/envs/wgd/
make -j 4
make insatall

Take the sugarcane genome Saccharum spontaneum L as an example. The genome is 8-ploid with 32 chromosomes (2n = 4x8 = 32)

Download the tutorial for CDS and GFF annotation files

mkdir -p wgd_tutorial && cd wgd_tutorial
wget http://www.life.illinois.edu/ming/downloads/Spontaneum_genome/Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta.gz
wget http://www.life.illinois.edu/ming/downloads/Spontaneum_genome/Sspon.v20190103.gff3.gz
gunzip *.gz

First conda activate wgdstart our analysis environment, and then start the analysis

Step 1 : Use to wgd mclidentify homologous genes in the genome

wgd mcl -n 20 --cds --mcl -s Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta -o Sspon_cds.out

Step 2 : Use to wgd ksdbuild Ks distribution

wgd ksd --n_threads 80 Sspon_cds.out/Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta.blast.tsv.mcl Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta

Step 3 : If the quality of the genome is good, then wgd syncollinearity analysis can be used . It can help us find the collinearity block in the genome and the corresponding anchor point

wgd syn --feature gene --gene_attribute ID \
-ks wgd_ksd/Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta.ks.tsv \
Sspon.v20190103.gff3 Sspon_cds.out/Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta.blast.tsv.mcl

 For more reading - There are 9 sub-modules in WGD

• kde: KDE fitting to the Ks distribution
• ksd: Ks distribution construction
• mcl: BLASP comparison of All-vs-ALl + MCL classification analysis.
• mix: Hybrid modeling of Ks distribution.
• pre: preprocess the CDS file
• syn: Call I-ADHoRe 3.0 to use GFF files for collinearity analysis
• viz: draw histogram and density plot
• wf1: Ks standard analysis procedure of the whole genome paranome (paranome), call mcl, ksd and syn
• wf2: Ks standard analysis procedure of one-vs-one homologous gene (ortholog), call wcl and kSD

Summary: The application of protein–protein docking in large-scale interactome analysis is a major challenge in structural bioinformatics and requires huge computing resources. In this work, we present MEGADOCK 4.0, an FFT-based docking software that makes extensive use of recent heterogeneous supercomputers and shows powerful, scalable performance of over 97% strong scaling.

Availability and Implementation: MEGADOCK 4.0 is written in C++ with OpenMPI and NVIDIA CUDA 5.0 (or later) and is freely available to all academic and non-profit users at: http://www.bi.cs.titech.ac.jp/megadock.

Contact: akiyama@cs.titech.ac.jp

Address of the bookmark: http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/08/06/bioinformatics.btu532.short

You can try this here, or try it later on your own data.

Get data

We will use the same Illumina data as we used above:

• illumina_R1.fastq.gz: the Illumina forward reads
• illumina_R2.fastq.gz: the Illumina reverse reads

Assemble

Run Spades:

spades.py -1 illumina_R1.fastq.gz -2 illumina_R2.fastq.gz --careful --cov-cutoff auto -o spades_assembly_all_illumina

• -1 is input file of forward reads
• -2 is input file of reverse reads
• --careful minimizes mismatches and short indels
• --cov-cutoff auto computes the coverage threshold (rather than the default setting, “off”)
• -o is the output directory

Results

Move into the output directory and look at the contigs:

infoseq contigs.fasta