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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
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	<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44200/dashboard-designing-tutorial</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 02 Mar 2023 06:48:43 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44200/dashboard-designing-tutorial</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Dashboard designing tutorial !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Dashboard Design Tutorial</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/dthill196/SARS-2-Dashboard-Tutorial" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/dthill196/SARS-2-Dashboard-Tutorial</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
</item>

<item>
  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/14050/assistant-professor-in-bioinformatics-at-indian-institute-of-technology-delhi</guid>
  <pubDate>Fri, 15 Aug 2014 06:16:06 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Assistant Professor 	in Bioinformatics at Indian Institute of Technology Delhi]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas ,New Delhi – 110016</p>

<p>ROLLING ADVERTISEMENT NO. 01/2014(E-1)<br />ADVERTISEMENT FOR THE POSITIONS OF ASSISTANT PROFESSOR CANDIDATES CAN APPLY ANY TIME DURING THE YEAR.</p>

<p>IIT Delhi invites applications from qualified Indian Nationals, Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) and Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) for the following positions in the various Departments/Centres/Schools (in the fields<br />mentioned alongwith them):<br />Post Pay Band Assistant Professor and Assistant Professor (on Contract) Rs.15600-39100 (PB-3) (Minimum pay of Rs.30000/-)+ AGP Rs.8000/-</p>

<p>The following norms will be followed for fixing the basic pay + AGP for Assistant Professors appointed on<br />contract with Ph.D but experience of 3 years or less:-<br />Type Qualification &amp; Experience on the date of joining<br />Assistant Professor (Contract) PB3 (Rs. 15,600-39,100).</p>

<p>MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE:<br />Ph.D. with First class at the preceding degree or equivalent in the appropriate branch with very good academic record throughout. A minimum of three years industrial/research/teaching experience, excluding however, the experience gained while Pursuing Ph. D. The candidates should preferably be below<br />35 years of age for male and 38 years for female ( to be relaxed by 5 years in case of persons with physical disability, SC/ST and 3 years in case of OBC-NCL).</p>

<p>Qualified persons include:<br />(a) Indian Nationals,<br />(b) Foreign Nationals who are “Persons of Indian Origin” (PIO) or Overseas<br />Citizens of India (OCI), in whose case, if selected, permission will be sought from Govt. of India<br />before he/she can join IIT Delhi, or<br />(c) Other Foreign Nationals, in whose case, if selected, appointment will be on a contract basis for up to 5 (five) years subject to permission from the Govt. of India before he/she can join IIT Delhi.<br />(d) Institute specifically encourages applicants from SC/ST/OBC category as well as persons<br />with disability to apply for these positions. </p>

<p>AMAR NATH &amp; SHASHI KHOSLA SCHOOL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY:<br />Computational Neuroscience, Medical Applications of Information Technologies, Computational &amp; Systems Biology, Machine to Machine (M2M) Technologies, Embedded Systems &amp; Sensors, Computer Security.<br />KUSUMA SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES:<br />In-silico Biology Applications, Systems Biology, Infection Biology, Neurodegeneration. </p>

<p>More at http://www.iitd.ac.in/sites/default/files/jobs/faculty/spl-areas-rolling-advt.pdf</p>

<p>http://www.iitd.ac.in/content/faculty-positions</p>
]]></description>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/34463/single-cell-rnaseq-data-analysis-tutorial</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 27 Nov 2017 16:24:29 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/34463/single-cell-rnaseq-data-analysis-tutorial</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Single Cell RNAseq data analysis tutorial !!]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<ul>
<li>A major breakthrough (replaced microarrays) in the late 00&rsquo;s and has been widely used since</li>
<li>Measures the&nbsp;average expression level&nbsp;for each gene across a large population of input cells</li>
<li>Useful for comparative transcriptomics, e.g.&nbsp;samples of the same tissue from different species</li>
<li>Useful for quantifying expression signatures from ensembles, e.g.&nbsp;in disease studies</li>
<li>Insufficient&nbsp;for studying heterogeneous systems, e.g.&nbsp;early development studies, complex tissues (brain)</li>
<li>Does&nbsp;not&nbsp;provide insights into the stochastic nature of gene expression</li>
</ul><p>Following are the useful links:</p><p><a href="http://hemberg-lab.github.io/scRNA.seq.course/scRNA-seq-course.pdf" target="_blank">Single Cell RNAseq data analysis Tutorial</a></p><p><a href="https://f1000research.com/articles/5-2122/v2" target="_blank">A step-by-step workflow for low-level analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data</a></p><p><a href="https://www.bioconductor.org/help/workflows/simpleSingleCell/" target="_blank">A step-by-step workflow for low-level analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data with Bioconductor</a></p><p>SCell: single-cell RNA-seq analysis software</p><p><a href="https://github.com/diazlab/SCell">https://github.com/diazlab/SCell</a></p><p>Beta-Poisson model for single-cell RNA-seq data analyses</p><p><a href="https://github.com/nghiavtr/BPSC">https://github.com/nghiavtr/BPSC</a></p><p>Sincera: A Computational Pipeline for Single Cell RNA-Seq Profiling Analysis</p><p><a href="https://research.cchmc.org/pbge/sincera.html">https://research.cchmc.org/pbge/sincera.html</a></p><p>SC3 &ndash; consensus clustering of single-cell RNA-Seq data</p><p><a href="http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/09/02/036558">http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/09/02/036558</a></p><p>Citrus: A toolkit for single cell sequencing analysis</p><p><a href="http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/09/14/045070">http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/09/14/045070</a></p><p>Single-Cell Resolution of Temporal Gene Expression during Heart Development</p><p><a href="http://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807%2816%2930682-7">http://www.cell.com/developmental-cell/fulltext/S1534-5807(16)30682-7</a></p><p>Scalable latent-factor models applied to single-cell RNA-seq data separate biological drivers from confounding effects</p><p><a href="http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/11/15/087775">http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/11/15/087775</a></p><p>Single cell transcriptomes identify human islet cell signatures and reveal cell-type-specific expression changes in type 2 diabetes</p><p><a href="http://genome.cshlp.org/content/early/2016/11/18/gr.212720.116.abstract">http://genome.cshlp.org/content/early/2016/11/18/gr.212720.116.abstract</a></p><p>SCODE: An efficient regulatory network inference algorithm from single-cell RNA-Seq during differentiation</p><p><a href="http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/11/21/088856">http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/11/21/088856</a></p><p>SCOUP is a probabilistic model to analyze single-cell expression data during differentiation</p><p><a href="https://github.com/hmatsu1226/SCOUP">https://github.com/hmatsu1226/SCOUP</a></p><p>scLVM is a modelling framework for single-cell RNA-seq data</p><p><a href="https://github.com/PMBio/scLVM">https://github.com/PMBio/scLVM</a></p><p>Selective Locally linear Inference of Cellular Expression Relationships (SLICER) algorithm for inferring cell trajectories</p><p><a href="https://github.com/jw156605/SLICER">https://github.com/jw156605/SLICER</a></p><p>SinQC: A Method and Tool to Control Single-cell RNA-seq Data Quality</p><p><a href="http://www.morgridge.net/SinQC.html">http://www.morgridge.net/SinQC.html</a></p><p>TSCAN: Pseudo-time reconstruction and evaluation in single-cell RNA-seq analysis</p><p><a href="https://github.com/zji90/TSCAN">https://github.com/zji90/TSCAN</a></p><p>Visualization and cellular hierarchy inference of single-cell data using SPADE</p><p><a href="http://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v11/n7/full/nprot.2016.066.html">http://www.nature.com/nprot/journal/v11/n7/full/nprot.2016.066.html</a></p><p>OEFinder: Identify ordering effect genes in single cell RNA-seq data</p><p><a href="https://github.com/lengning/OEFinder">https://github.com/lengning/OEFinder</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Robert M Willioms</dc:creator>
</item>

<item>
  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/14272/lecturersenior-lecturer-level-bc-in-bioinformatics</guid>
  <pubDate>Fri, 22 Aug 2014 12:45:52 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Lecturer/Senior Lecturer (Level B/C) in Bioinformatics]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Lecturer/Senior Lecturer (Level B/C) in Synthetic Biology, Research Fellow (Level B) in Synthetic Biology &amp; Lecturer/Senior Lecturer (Level B/C) in Bioinformatics</p>

<p>Apply now Job no: 494553<br />Work type: Continuing full time<br />Vacancy type: External Vacancy, Internal Vacancy<br />Categories: Academic - Teaching and Research</p>

<p>The Faculty of Science is launching a new and innovative branch of biological science at Macquarie University – Synthetic Biology. Synthetic biology combines engineering principles with molecular biological approaches to design and construct biological devices and systems. Recent highlights in this field include the design and synthesis of a functional bacterial genome and a yeast chromosome, and generation of synthetic bacterial cells. The rational synthesis of "designer" organisms yield important insights into how organisms work and has the potential to revolutionise biotechnological applications in areas such as bioenergy and biomanufacturing.</p>

<p>Find more at http://jobs.mq.edu.au/cw/en/job/494553/lecturersenior-lecturer-level-bc-in-synthetic-biology-research-fellow-level-b-in-synthetic-biology-lecturersenior-lecturer-level-bc-in-bioinformatics</p>
]]></description>
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<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/39307/awk-for-beginners</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 26 Apr 2019 16:19:41 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/39307/awk-for-beginners</link>
	<title><![CDATA[AWK for beginners !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>AWK is a standard tool on every POSIX-compliant UNIX system. It&rsquo;s like flex/lex, from the command-line, perfect for text-processing tasks and other scripting needs. It has a C-like syntax, but without mandatory semicolons (although, you should use them anyway, because they are required when you&rsquo;re writing one-liners, something AWK excels at), manual memory management, or static typing. It excels at text processing. You can call to it from a shell script, or you can use it as a stand-alone scripting language.</p><p>Why use AWK instead of Perl? Readability. AWK is easier to read than Perl. For simple text-processing scripts, particularly ones that read files line by line and split on delimiters, AWK is probably the right tool for the job.</p><div><pre><span>#!/usr/bin/awk -f</span>

<span># Comments are like this</span>


<span># AWK programs consist of a collection of patterns and actions.</span>
<span>pattern1</span> <span>{</span> <span>action</span><span>;</span> <span>}</span> <span># just like lex</span>
<span>pattern2</span> <span>{</span> <span>action</span><span>;</span> <span>}</span>

<span># There is an implied loop and AWK automatically reads and parses each</span>
<span># record of each file supplied. Each record is split by the FS delimiter,</span>
<span># which defaults to white-space (multiple spaces,tabs count as one)</span>
<span># You can assign FS either on the command line (-F C) or in your BEGIN</span>
<span># pattern</span>

<span># One of the special patterns is BEGIN. The BEGIN pattern is true</span>
<span># BEFORE any of the files are read. The END pattern is true after</span>
<span># an End-of-file from the last file (or standard-in if no files specified)</span>
<span># There is also an output field separator (OFS) that you can assign, which</span>
<span># defaults to a single space</span>

<span>BEGIN</span> <span>{</span>

    <span># BEGIN will run at the beginning of the program. It's where you put all</span>
    <span># the preliminary set-up code, before you process any text files. If you</span>
    <span># have no text files, then think of BEGIN as the main entry point.</span>

    <span># Variables are global. Just set them or use them, no need to declare..</span>
    <span>count</span> <span>=</span> <span>0</span><span>;</span>

    <span># Operators just like in C and friends</span>
    <span>a</span> <span>=</span> <span>count</span> <span>+</span> <span>1</span><span>;</span>
    <span>b</span> <span>=</span> <span>count</span> <span>-</span> <span>1</span><span>;</span>
    <span>c</span> <span>=</span> <span>count</span> <span>*</span> <span>1</span><span>;</span>
    <span>d</span> <span>=</span> <span>count</span> <span>/</span> <span>1</span><span>;</span> <span># integer division</span>
    <span>e</span> <span>=</span> <span>count</span> <span>%</span> <span>1</span><span>;</span> <span># modulus</span>
    <span>f</span> <span>=</span> <span>count</span> <span>^</span> <span>1</span><span>;</span> <span># exponentiation</span>

    <span>a</span> <span>+=</span> <span>1</span><span>;</span>
    <span>b</span> <span>-=</span> <span>1</span><span>;</span>
    <span>c</span> <span>*=</span> <span>1</span><span>;</span>
    <span>d</span> <span>/=</span> <span>1</span><span>;</span>
    <span>e</span> <span>%=</span> <span>1</span><span>;</span>
    <span>f</span> <span>^=</span> <span>1</span><span>;</span>

    <span># Incrementing and decrementing by one</span>
    <span>a</span><span>++</span><span>;</span>
    <span>b</span><span>--</span><span>;</span>

    <span># As a prefix operator, it returns the incremented value</span>
    <span>++</span><span>a</span><span>;</span>
    <span>--</span><span>b</span><span>;</span>

    <span># Notice, also, no punctuation such as semicolons to terminate statements</span>

    <span># Control statements</span>
    <span>if</span> <span>(</span><span>count</span> <span>==</span> <span>0</span><span>)</span>
        <span>print</span> <span>"Starting with count of 0"</span><span>;</span>
    <span>else</span>
        <span>print</span> <span>"Huh?"</span><span>;</span>

    <span># Or you could use the ternary operator</span>
    <span>print</span> <span>(</span><span>count</span> <span>==</span> <span>0</span><span>)</span> <span>?</span> <span>"Starting with count of 0"</span> <span>:</span> <span>"Huh?"</span><span>;</span>

    <span># Blocks consisting of multiple lines use braces</span>
    <span>while</span> <span>(</span><span>a</span> <span>&lt;</span> <span>10</span><span>)</span> <span>{</span>
        <span>print</span> <span>"String concatenation is done"</span> <span>" with a series"</span> <span>" of"</span>
            <span>" space-separated strings"</span><span>;</span>
        <span>print</span> <span>a</span><span>;</span>

        <span>a</span><span>++</span><span>;</span>
    <span>}</span>

    <span>for</span> <span>(</span><span>i</span> <span>=</span> <span>0</span><span>;</span> <span>i</span> <span>&lt;</span> <span>10</span><span>;</span> <span>i</span><span>++</span><span>)</span>
        <span>print</span> <span>"Good ol' for loop"</span><span>;</span>

    <span># As for comparisons, they're the standards:</span>
    <span># a &lt; b   # Less than</span>
    <span># a &lt;= b  # Less than or equal</span>
    <span># a != b  # Not equal</span>
    <span># a == b  # Equal</span>
    <span># a &gt; b   # Greater than</span>
    <span># a &gt;= b  # Greater than or equal</span>

    <span># Logical operators as well</span>
    <span># a &amp;&amp; b  # AND</span>
    <span># a || b  # OR</span>

    <span># In addition, there's the super useful regular expression match</span>
    <span>if</span> <span>(</span><span>"foo"</span> <span>~</span> <span>"^fo+$"</span><span>)</span>
        <span>print</span> <span>"Fooey!"</span><span>;</span>
    <span>if</span> <span>(</span><span>"boo"</span> <span>!~</span> <span>"^fo+$"</span><span>)</span>
        <span>print</span> <span>"Boo!"</span><span>;</span>

    <span># Arrays</span>
    <span>arr</span><span>[</span><span>0</span><span>]</span> <span>=</span> <span>"foo"</span><span>;</span>
    <span>arr</span><span>[</span><span>1</span><span>]</span> <span>=</span> <span>"bar"</span><span>;</span>

    <span># You can also initialize an array with the built-in function split()</span>

    <span>n</span> <span>=</span> <span>split</span><span>(</span><span>"foo:bar:baz"</span><span>,</span> <span>arr</span><span>,</span> <span>":"</span><span>);</span>

    <span># You also have associative arrays (actually, they're all associative arrays)</span>
    <span>assoc</span><span>[</span><span>"foo"</span><span>]</span> <span>=</span> <span>"bar"</span><span>;</span>
    <span>assoc</span><span>[</span><span>"bar"</span><span>]</span> <span>=</span> <span>"baz"</span><span>;</span>

    <span># And multi-dimensional arrays, with some limitations I won't mention here</span>
    <span>multidim</span><span>[</span><span>0</span><span>,</span><span>0</span><span>]</span> <span>=</span> <span>"foo"</span><span>;</span>
    <span>multidim</span><span>[</span><span>0</span><span>,</span><span>1</span><span>]</span> <span>=</span> <span>"bar"</span><span>;</span>
    <span>multidim</span><span>[</span><span>1</span><span>,</span><span>0</span><span>]</span> <span>=</span> <span>"baz"</span><span>;</span>
    <span>multidim</span><span>[</span><span>1</span><span>,</span><span>1</span><span>]</span> <span>=</span> <span>"boo"</span><span>;</span>

    <span># You can test for array membership</span>
    <span>if</span> <span>(</span><span>"foo"</span> <span>in</span> <span>assoc</span><span>)</span>
        <span>print</span> <span>"Fooey!"</span><span>;</span>

    <span># You can also use the 'in' operator to traverse the keys of an array</span>
    <span>for</span> <span>(</span><span>key</span> <span>in</span> <span>assoc</span><span>)</span>
        <span>print</span> <span>assoc</span><span>[</span><span>key</span><span>];</span>

    <span># The command line is in a special array called ARGV</span>
    <span>for</span> <span>(</span><span>argnum</span> <span>in</span> <span>ARGV</span><span>)</span>
        <span>print</span> <span>ARGV</span><span>[</span><span>argnum</span><span>];</span>

    <span># You can remove elements of an array</span>
    <span># This is particularly useful to prevent AWK from assuming the arguments</span>
    <span># are files for it to process</span>
    <span>delete</span> <span>ARGV</span><span>[</span><span>1</span><span>];</span>

    <span># The number of command line arguments is in a variable called ARGC</span>
    <span>print</span> <span>ARGC</span><span>;</span>

    <span># AWK has several built-in functions. They fall into three categories. I'll</span>
    <span># demonstrate each of them in their own functions, defined later.</span>

    <span>return_value</span> <span>=</span> <span>arithmetic_functions</span><span>(</span><span>a</span><span>,</span> <span>b</span><span>,</span> <span>c</span><span>);</span>
    <span>string_functions</span><span>();</span>
    <span>io_functions</span><span>();</span>
<span>}</span>

<span># Here's how you define a function</span>
<span>function</span> <span>arithmetic_functions</span><span>(</span><span>a</span><span>,</span> <span>b</span><span>,</span> <span>c</span><span>,</span>     <span>d</span><span>)</span> <span>{</span>

    <span># Probably the most annoying part of AWK is that there are no local</span>
    <span># variables. Everything is global. For short scripts, this is fine, even</span>
    <span># useful, but for longer scripts, this can be a problem.</span>

    <span># There is a work-around (ahem, hack). Function arguments are local to the</span>
    <span># function, and AWK allows you to define more function arguments than it</span>
    <span># needs. So just stick local variable in the function declaration, like I</span>
    <span># did above. As a convention, stick in some extra whitespace to distinguish</span>
    <span># between actual function parameters and local variables. In this example,</span>
    <span># a, b, and c are actual parameters, while d is merely a local variable.</span>

    <span># Now, to demonstrate the arithmetic functions</span>

    <span># Most AWK implementations have some standard trig functions</span>
    <span>localvar</span> <span>=</span> <span>sin</span><span>(</span><span>a</span><span>);</span>
    <span>localvar</span> <span>=</span> <span>cos</span><span>(</span><span>a</span><span>);</span>
    <span>localvar</span> <span>=</span> <span>atan2</span><span>(</span><span>b</span><span>,</span> <span>a</span><span>);</span> <span># arc tangent of b / a</span>

    <span># And logarithmic stuff</span>
    <span>localvar</span> <span>=</span> <span>exp</span><span>(</span><span>a</span><span>);</span>
    <span>localvar</span> <span>=</span> <span>log</span><span>(</span><span>a</span><span>);</span>

    <span># Square root</span>
    <span>localvar</span> <span>=</span> <span>sqrt</span><span>(</span><span>a</span><span>);</span>

    <span># Truncate floating point to integer</span>
    <span>localvar</span> <span>=</span> <span>int</span><span>(</span><span>5.34</span><span>);</span> <span># localvar =&gt; 5</span>

    <span># Random numbers</span>
    <span>srand</span><span>();</span> <span># Supply a seed as an argument. By default, it uses the time of day</span>
    <span>localvar</span> <span>=</span> <span>rand</span><span>();</span> <span># Random number between 0 and 1.</span>

    <span># Here's how to return a value</span>
    <span>return</span> <span>localvar</span><span>;</span>
<span>}</span>

<span>function</span> <span>string_functions</span><span>(</span>    <span>localvar</span><span>,</span> <span>arr</span><span>)</span> <span>{</span>

    <span># AWK, being a string-processing language, has several string-related</span>
    <span># functions, many of which rely heavily on regular expressions.</span>

    <span># Search and replace, first instance (sub) or all instances (gsub)</span>
    <span># Both return number of matches replaced</span>
    <span>localvar</span> <span>=</span> <span>"fooooobar"</span><span>;</span>
    <span>sub</span><span>(</span><span>"fo+"</span><span>,</span> <span>"Meet me at the "</span><span>,</span> <span>localvar</span><span>);</span> <span># localvar =&gt; "Meet me at the bar"</span>
    <span>gsub</span><span>(</span><span>"e+"</span><span>,</span> <span>"."</span><span>,</span> <span>localvar</span><span>);</span> <span># localvar =&gt; "m..t m. at th. bar"</span>

    <span># Search for a string that matches a regular expression</span>
    <span># index() does the same thing, but doesn't allow a regular expression</span>
    <span>match</span><span>(</span><span>localvar</span><span>,</span> <span>"t"</span><span>);</span> <span># =&gt; 4, since the 't' is the fourth character</span>

    <span># Split on a delimiter</span>
    <span>n</span> <span>=</span> <span>split</span><span>(</span><span>"foo-bar-baz"</span><span>,</span> <span>arr</span><span>,</span> <span>"-"</span><span>);</span> <span># a[1] = "foo"; a[2] = "bar"; a[3] = "baz"; n = 3</span>

    <span># Other useful stuff</span>
    <span>sprintf</span><span>(</span><span>"%s %d %d %d"</span><span>,</span> <span>"Testing"</span><span>,</span> <span>1</span><span>,</span> <span>2</span><span>,</span> <span>3</span><span>);</span> <span># =&gt; "Testing 1 2 3"</span>
    <span>substr</span><span>(</span><span>"foobar"</span><span>,</span> <span>2</span><span>,</span> <span>3</span><span>);</span> <span># =&gt; "oob"</span>
    <span>substr</span><span>(</span><span>"foobar"</span><span>,</span> <span>4</span><span>);</span> <span># =&gt; "bar"</span>
    <span>length</span><span>(</span><span>"foo"</span><span>);</span> <span># =&gt; 3</span>
    <span>tolower</span><span>(</span><span>"FOO"</span><span>);</span> <span># =&gt; "foo"</span>
    <span>toupper</span><span>(</span><span>"foo"</span><span>);</span> <span># =&gt; "FOO"</span>
<span>}</span>

<span>function</span> <span>io_functions</span><span>(</span>    <span>localvar</span><span>)</span> <span>{</span>

    <span># You've already seen print</span>
    <span>print</span> <span>"Hello world"</span><span>;</span>

    <span># There's also printf</span>
    <span>printf</span><span>(</span><span>"%s %d %d %d\n"</span><span>,</span> <span>"Testing"</span><span>,</span> <span>1</span><span>,</span> <span>2</span><span>,</span> <span>3</span><span>);</span>

    <span># AWK doesn't have file handles, per se. It will automatically open a file</span>
    <span># handle for you when you use something that needs one. The string you used</span>
    <span># for this can be treated as a file handle, for purposes of I/O. This makes</span>
    <span># it feel sort of like shell scripting, but to get the same output, the string</span>
    <span># must match exactly, so use a variable:</span>

    <span>outfile</span> <span>=</span> <span>"/tmp/foobar.txt"</span><span>;</span>

    <span>print</span> <span>"foobar"</span> <span>&gt;</span> <span>outfile</span><span>;</span>

    <span># Now the string outfile is a file handle. You can close it:</span>
    <span>close</span><span>(</span><span>outfile</span><span>);</span>

    <span># Here's how you run something in the shell</span>
    <span>system</span><span>(</span><span>"echo foobar"</span><span>);</span> <span># =&gt; prints foobar</span>

    <span># Reads a line from standard input and stores in localvar</span>
    <span>getline</span> <span>localvar</span><span>;</span>

    <span># Reads a line from a pipe (again, use a string so you close it properly)</span>
    <span>cmd</span> <span>=</span> <span>"echo foobar"</span><span>;</span>
    <span>cmd</span> <span>|</span> <span>getline</span> <span>localvar</span><span>;</span> <span># localvar =&gt; "foobar"</span>
    <span>close</span><span>(</span><span>cmd</span><span>);</span>

    <span># Reads a line from a file and stores in localvar</span>
    <span>infile</span> <span>=</span> <span>"/tmp/foobar.txt"</span><span>;</span>
    <span>getline</span> <span>localvar</span> <span>&lt;</span> <span>infile</span><span>;</span> 
    <span>close</span><span>(</span><span>infile</span><span>);</span>
<span>}</span>

<span># As I said at the beginning, AWK programs consist of a collection of patterns</span>
<span># and actions. You've already seen the BEGIN pattern. Other</span>
<span># patterns are used only if you're processing lines from files or standard</span>
<span># input.</span>
<span>#</span>
<span># When you pass arguments to AWK, they are treated as file names to process.</span>
<span># It will process them all, in order. Think of it like an implicit for loop,</span>
<span># iterating over the lines in these files. these patterns and actions are like</span>
<span># switch statements inside the loop. </span>

<span>/^fo+bar$/</span> <span>{</span>

    <span># This action will execute for every line that matches the regular</span>
    <span># expression, /^fo+bar$/, and will be skipped for any line that fails to</span>
    <span># match it. Let's just print the line:</span>

    <span>print</span><span>;</span>

    <span># Whoa, no argument! That's because print has a default argument: $0.</span>
    <span># $0 is the name of the current line being processed. It is created</span>
    <span># automatically for you.</span>

    <span># You can probably guess there are other $ variables. Every line is</span>
    <span># implicitly split before every action is called, much like the shell</span>
    <span># does. And, like the shell, each field can be access with a dollar sign</span>

    <span># This will print the second and fourth fields in the line</span>
    <span>print</span> <span>$</span><span>2</span><span>,</span> <span>$</span><span>4</span><span>;</span>

    <span># AWK automatically defines many other variables to help you inspect and</span>
    <span># process each line. The most important one is NF</span>

    <span># Prints the number of fields on this line</span>
    <span>print</span> <span>NF</span><span>;</span>

    <span># Print the last field on this line</span>
    <span>print</span> <span>$</span><span>NF</span><span>;</span>
<span>}</span>

<span># Every pattern is actually a true/false test. The regular expression in the</span>
<span># last pattern is also a true/false test, but part of it was hidden. If you</span>
<span># don't give it a string to test, it will assume $0, the line that it's</span>
<span># currently processing. Thus, the complete version of it is this:</span>

<span>$</span><span>0</span> <span>~</span> <span>/^fo+bar$/</span> <span>{</span>
    <span>print</span> <span>"Equivalent to the last pattern"</span><span>;</span>
<span>}</span>

<span>a</span> <span>&gt;</span> <span>0</span> <span>{</span>
    <span># This will execute once for each line, as long as a is positive</span>
<span>}</span>

<span># You get the idea. Processing text files, reading in a line at a time, and</span>
<span># doing something with it, particularly splitting on a delimiter, is so common</span>
<span># in UNIX that AWK is a scripting language that does all of it for you, without</span>
<span># you needing to ask. All you have to do is write the patterns and actions</span>
<span># based on what you expect of the input, and what you want to do with it.</span>

<span># Here's a quick example of a simple script, the sort of thing AWK is perfect</span>
<span># for. It will read a name from standard input and then will print the average</span>
<span># age of everyone with that first name. Let's say you supply as an argument the</span>
<span># name of a this data file:</span>
<span>#</span>
<span># Bob Jones 32</span>
<span># Jane Doe 22</span>
<span># Steve Stevens 83</span>
<span># Bob Smith 29</span>
<span># Bob Barker 72</span>
<span>#</span>
<span># Here's the script:</span>

<span>BEGIN</span> <span>{</span>

    <span># First, ask the user for the name</span>
    <span>print</span> <span>"What name would you like the average age for?"</span><span>;</span>

    <span># Get a line from standard input, not from files on the command line</span>
    <span>getline</span> <span>name</span> <span>&lt;</span> <span>"/dev/stdin"</span><span>;</span>
<span>}</span>

<span># Now, match every line whose first field is the given name</span>
<span>$</span><span>1</span> <span>==</span> <span>name</span> <span>{</span>

    <span># Inside here, we have access to a number of useful variables, already</span>
    <span># pre-loaded for us:</span>
    <span># $0 is the entire line</span>
    <span># $3 is the third field, the age, which is what we're interested in here</span>
    <span># NF is the number of fields, which should be 3</span>
    <span># NR is the number of records (lines) seen so far</span>
    <span># FILENAME is the name of the file being processed</span>
    <span># FS is the field separator being used, which is " " here</span>
    <span># ...etc. There are plenty more, documented in the man page.</span>

    <span># Keep track of a running total and how many lines matched</span>
    <span>sum</span> <span>+=</span> <span>$</span><span>3</span><span>;</span>
    <span>nlines</span><span>++</span><span>;</span>
<span>}</span>

<span># Another special pattern is called END. It will run after processing all the</span>
<span># text files. Unlike BEGIN, it will only run if you've given it input to</span>
<span># process. It will run after all the files have been read and processed</span>
<span># according to the rules and actions you've provided. The purpose of it is</span>
<span># usually to output some kind of final report, or do something with the</span>
<span># aggregate of the data you've accumulated over the course of the script.</span>

<span>END</span> <span>{</span>
    <span>if</span> <span>(</span><span>nlines</span><span>)</span>
        <span>print</span> <span>"The average age for "</span> <span>name</span> <span>" is "</span> <span>sum</span> <span>/</span> <span>nlines</span><span>;</span>
<span>}</span>
</pre><p><span>&nbsp;</span></p></div>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioJoker</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/14758/phd-opportunity-at-universite-de-liege-belgium</guid>
  <pubDate>Mon, 01 Sep 2014 17:16:22 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[PhD opportunity at Université de Liège - Belgium]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>The Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Unit of Université de Liège (Belgium) is looking for a highly motivated master student with programming skills for a PhD thesis project (4 years, fully funded) with the goal of designing computational tools that use literature, genomic and structural data in order to infer regulatory and metabolic networks.  </p>

<p>Applicants are invited to send their resume and a recommendation letter to Prof. Patrick Meyer (more details at   www.biosys.ulg.ac.be )</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43863/snakemake-tutorials</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 09 May 2022 05:20:41 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43863/snakemake-tutorials</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Snakemake Tutorials !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>A lesson introducing the Snakemake workflow system for bioinformatics analysis.</p>
<blockquote>
<h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites<a href="https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/snakemake-novice-bioinformatics/index.html#prerequisites"></a></h2>
<p>This is an intermediate lesson and assumes learners have already done some bioinformatics:</p>
<ul>
<li>Familiarity with the BASH command shell, including concepts like pipes, variables and loops.</li>
<li>Knowledge of bioinformatics fundamentals like the FASTQ file format and transcriptome sequencing, in order to understand the example workflow.</li>
</ul>
<p>No previous knowledge of Snakemake or workflow systems is required.</p>
<p>https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/snakemake-novice-bioinformatics/index.html</p>
</blockquote><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/snakemake-novice-bioinformatics/aio/index.html" rel="nofollow">https://carpentries-incubator.github.io/snakemake-novice-bioinformatics/aio/index.html</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/14905/internship-in-computational-biology</guid>
  <pubDate>Thu, 04 Sep 2014 04:19:40 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Internship in Computational Biology]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>We are looking for a motivated and autonomous intern to study gene expression in hybrid organisms. The student will work on natural hybrids of two or three different species of fungal endosymbionts of grasses. The pupose of this project is to build software allowing us to identify the genomic origin of expressed genes. To do that, the intern will have to analyze expression data (from RNA-seq) to find SNPs on the sequenced mRNAs allowing to identify from which of the parental genome the expressed gene come from. The data will have to be saved in a database using the standard BioSQL schema.</p>

<p>This job will allow the intern to become more familiar with new biological and bioinformatics tools like next generation sequencing, RNA-Seq data analysis and comparative genomics.</p>

<p>To apply for this position, send the following documents (in PDF format) to Dr Pierre-Yves Dupont (email p.y.dupont@massey.ac.nz):</p>

<p>1. A short cover letter.<br />2. A curriculum vitae, with transcript details.<br />3. The names and contact details of two referees willing to provide a confidential letter of recommendation upon request.</p>

<p>Informal enquiries are welcome. Formal applications are due by Sunday 2nd December 2012.<br />Requirements: </p>

<p>This position requires a good understanding of genetic problems, a good command of at least one scripting language (Perl, Python...), a basic knowledge of MySQL or any relational database management system. Knowledge in biological programming libraries (BioPython, BioPerl, BioRuby...), Java, C++ or any compiled language is an asset but not required. Undergraduate or Master degree is required.<br />Contact Information: </p>

<p>Dr. Pierre-Yves Dupont<br />Institute of Molecular BioSciences<br />Massey University<br />Private Bag 11 222<br />Palmerston North 4442<br />NEW ZEALAND</p>

<p>http://massey.genomicus.com/<br />p.y.dupont@massey.ac.nz</p>

<p>Information about the Institute of Molecular BioSciences (http://imbs.massey.ac.nz/) and the Computational Biology Research Group (http://massey.genomicus.com/) is available online. For more information about the position, you can contact Dr Pierre-Yves Dupont (email p.y.dupont@massey.ac.nz).</p>
]]></description>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/16158/bioinformatics-position-at-irccs-casa-sollievo-della-sofferenza</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2014 14:25:34 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Bioinformatics position at IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>The bioinformatics unit at IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza - Mendel laboratory in Rome is looking for one young bioinformatician with specific experience and/or interest in the analysis of genomics and transcriptomic data.</p>

<p>The candidate will be mainly in charge of developing research on Gene Expression/SNP Arrays data, NGS whole -exome and -transcriptome datasets and biological networks in the contexts of genetic diseases, innovative therapies and regenerative medicine. Main activities will be: (i) data analysis (short-reads mapping, genomics aberrations discovery and annotation, variants pathogenicity detection); (ii) functional/pathway enrichment analysis; (iii) biological networks analysis (artificial knockout, redundancy and lethality analysis, gene set essentiality); (iv) developing of ad-hoc software solutions/routines on clusters of CPUs and GPUs.</p>

<p>The correct cultural background (training in Biology / Computer Science / Statistics or a mix of the three) and a strong interest in working in high throughput data analysis will be considered at the same level of specific experience in the above-mentioned fields.</p>

<p>Knowledge of molecular modeling and simulation and willingness to learn one or more of these languages: python, perl, R, Java, C++, C# is a golden plus. Good knowledge of Scientific English will be positively evaluated for this position, together with good presentation and teamwork skills.</p>

<p>Candidates should send:<br />• a cover letter explaining the role they would like to undertake within the Center, even if it is not listed in this job adv, stating clearly why they would be a good fit to the proposed role, and what they would bring to the Center in terms of expertise, ideas, talent;<br />• a CV including a list of publications;<br />• List of referees.</p>

<p>A CV with one professional reference, details on educational background and of the biological and/or bioinformatic and/or data analysis skills and experience should be sent by email for a preliminary selection to: Tommaso Mazza t.mazza@css-mendel.it</p>
]]></description>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/17187/urdip-bioinformatics-rajrf-vacancies</guid>
  <pubDate>Sat, 20 Sep 2014 20:52:56 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[URDIP Bioinformatics RA/JRF Vacancies]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>CSIR - UNIT FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION PRODUCTS (CSIR- URDIP)</p>

<p>Adv. No. URDIP/ 6/2014</p>

<p>Opportunity for young Bioinformatics Professionals to make a career in the area of Intellectual Property CSIR has set up a Unit for Research and Development of Information Products (CSIR-URDIP) at Pune to work in the area of scientific informatics. One of the major focus areas of research work at CSIR-URDIP is PATENT INFORMATICS. With the increasing applications of Bioinformatics in the areas of life sciences industry such as Agriculture and Health Care (Diagnostics and Drugs), the output of research in these area is being protected by different forms of Intellectual Property rights. Realizing the importance of IP in the Bioinformatics field, Department of Biotechnology (DBT) has sanctioned a project on “Development, Facilitation and Harvesting of Bioinformatics related Intellectual Property” at CSIR-URDIP.</p>

<p>The project will involve application of Patent Informatics tools and techniques to Bioinformatics (including creation of patent landscapes, preparation of techno-legal reports of patentability, freedom to operate studies) to help protect IPRs and develop and conduct training programmes on IPRs related to Bioinformatics.</p>

<p>CSIR-URDIP invites applications from young Bioinformatics professionals to work on this emerging area which offers challenging opportunities and attractive career possibilities in future.</p>

<p>Position I: Research Associate</p>

<p>No of Positions: One</p>

<p>Consolidated amount Payable: Rs. 22,000/- per month + 20% HRA= Rs.26,400</p>

<p>Qualification:  PhD in Bioinformatics. In exceptional cases, candidature of M. Tech. candidates with First class in Bioinformatics with three years of relevant work experience will also be considered.</p>

<p>Age Limit: 35 years. The age should not exceed the limit indicated as on a closing date of receipt of completed application form.</p>

<p>Upper age limit is relaxable for 5 years for SC/ST, OBC, Physically handicapped and female candidates as per CSIR/Government of India rules.</p>

<p>Position II: Junior Research Fellow</p>

<p>No of Positions: one</p>

<p>Consolidated amount Payable: Rs. 16,000/- + 20% HRA = 19,200</p>

<p>Qualification: M.Sc / BE or equivalent in Bioinformatics with minimum of 55% marks in aggregate Job requirement: Scientific literature and patent search, analysis and Report Writing</p>

<p>Preference: Preference will be given to candidates with knowledge of patents and or 1-2 years of experience + Knowledge of Computers (MS Excel + Word Processing)</p>

<p>Age Limit: 28 years. The age should not exceed the limit indicated as on a closing date of receipt of completed application form.</p>

<p>For details please visit our website (www.urdip.res.in/careers) for further details and apply online by 30th September, 2014.</p>

<p>Advertisement: http://www.urdip.res.in/download/Advt6_2014.pdf</p>
]]></description>
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