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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/31064?offset=520</link>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/43728/short-read-assembly-using-spades</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 31 Jan 2022 07:18:16 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/43728/short-read-assembly-using-spades</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Short-read assembly using Spades !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<h2 id="short-read-assembly-a-comparison">If we only had Illumina reads, we could also assemble these using the tool Spades.</h2><p>You can try this here, or try it later on your own data.</p><h2 id="get-data">Get data</h2><p>We will use the same Illumina data as we used above:</p><ul>
<li>illumina_R1.fastq.gz: the Illumina forward reads</li>
<li>illumina_R2.fastq.gz: the Illumina reverse reads</li>
</ul><h2 id="assemble">Assemble</h2><p>Run Spades:</p><div><pre>spades.py -1 illumina_R1.fastq.gz -2 illumina_R2.fastq.gz --careful --cov-cutoff auto -o spades_assembly_all_illumina
</pre></div><ul>
<li><code>-1</code>&nbsp;is input file of forward reads</li>
<li><code>-2</code>&nbsp;is input file of reverse reads</li>
<li><code>--careful</code>&nbsp;minimizes mismatches and short indels</li>
<li><code>--cov-cutoff auto</code>&nbsp;computes the coverage threshold (rather than the default setting, &ldquo;off&rdquo;)</li>
<li><code>-o</code>&nbsp;is the output directory</li>
</ul><h2 id="results">Results</h2><p>Move into the output directory and look at the contigs:</p><div><pre>infoseq contigs.fasta</pre></div>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhimanyu Singh</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/17751/jrf-in-bioinformatics-inmas-drdodelhi</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 01 Oct 2014 07:01:07 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[JRF in Bioinformatics @ INMAS, DRDO,Delhi]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Delhi under the aegis of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), is engaged in research and developmental work in radiation sciences, Neuro-Computing and Medical Image Processing. INMAS is looking for meritorious young researchers for pursuing research in the frontier areas at INMAS. The Institute invites applications from young and meritorious Indian nationals who are creative, have passion and desire to pursue R&amp;D in frontier areas. INMAS possesses ambience of a research cum academic institute coupled with an advanced R&amp;D infrastructure in a mission mode. It provides the best infrastructure, motivation and personality development prospects for talented students, dreaming of unparalleled success in their professional endeavors. INMAS provides state of the art research facilities for undertaking pioneering research with defence applications. </p>

<p>JRF (Maximum Tenure‐ Five Years: 2yrs as JRF and 3yrs  as SRF) 	<br />A first class Master’s Degree in Bioinformatics (likely 2 posts) 	<br />Around Rs 16,000/ Plus 30% HRA (as per rules of funding agency)</p>

<p>Applications are invited from candidates possessing the above qualifications. The upper age limit is as on the last date for receipt of application. (5 years relaxation to SC/ST candidates, 3 years to OBC candidates, and other entitled categories as per Govt rules). Actual No. of vacancies may vary.</p>

<p>Application form can be download from the website www.drdo.gov.in and E Mailed to inmashrd@gmail.com.<br />Last date to apply by email is 1700 hrs on 15 Oct 2014<br />Incomplete applications are liable to be rejected.<br />Confirmation will be sent to short-listed candidates through email only<br />Antecedents of selected candidates will be verified.<br />Written Test will be conducted from 0930-1030 hrs. Latecomers will not be considered.<br />Candidates will be required to produce certificates/testimonials in original at the time of interview.<br />It may please be noted that offer of Fellowship does not confer on fellows any right for absorption in DRDO.<br />Candidates should carry photocopy of Application form sent by email with them.<br />No TA/DA will be paid for attending interview &amp; on joining.<br />Last date to apply by email is 1700 hrs on 15 Oct 2014</p>

<p>More at http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/jrf29092014.pdf<br />http://drdo.gov.in/drdo/English/index.jsp?pg=inmas29092014.jsp</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43801/smudgeplot-inference-of-ploidy-and-heterozygosity-structure-using-whole-genome-sequencing-data</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 25 Feb 2022 04:42:09 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43801/smudgeplot-inference-of-ploidy-and-heterozygosity-structure-using-whole-genome-sequencing-data</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Smudgeplot: Inference of ploidy and heterozygosity structure using whole genome sequencing data]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p dir="auto">This tool extracts heterozygous kmer pairs from kmer count databases and performs gymnastics with them. We are able to disentangle genome structure by comparing the sum of kmer pair coverages (CovA + CovB) to their relative coverage (CovB / (CovA + CovB)). Such an approach also allows us to analyze obscure genomes with duplications, various ploidy levels, etc.</p>
<p dir="auto">Smudgeplots are computed from raw or even better from trimmed reads and show the haplotype structure using heterozygous kmer pairs. For example:</p>
<p dir="auto"><a href="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/8181573/45959760-f1032d00-c01a-11e8-8576-ff0512c33da9.png" target="_blank"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/8181573/45959760-f1032d00-c01a-11e8-8576-ff0512c33da9.png" alt="smudgeexample" style="border: 0px;"></a></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/KamilSJaron/smudgeplot" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/KamilSJaron/smudgeplot</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/17966/internship-program-for-bioinformatics-biotechnology-professionals-no-of-vacancy-2</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 08 Oct 2014 01:10:08 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Internship Program for Bioinformatics / Biotechnology Professionals (No. Of Vacancy: 2)]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>ArrayGen is offering an Internship Program for Post graduate Bioinformatics / Biotechnology students and professionals. ArrayGen Technologies provide an excellent opportunity to gain research experience and explore if a scientific career is right for you. Currently we offer positions to outstanding students interested in Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data analysis. Applications are accepted throughout the year. Accepted students will be listed on web with their schedules. Accepted students can attend our future workshops and trainings freely at the specified venue.</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43923/monkeypox-virus-isolate-mpxv-usa-2022-ma001-complete-genome</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jul 2022 06:21:07 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43923/monkeypox-virus-isolate-mpxv-usa-2022-ma001-complete-genome</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Monkeypox virus isolate MPXV_USA_2022_MA001, complete genome]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<pre>LOCUS       ON563414              197205 bp    DNA     linear   VRL 30-MAY-2022
DEFINITION  Monkeypox virus isolate MPXV_USA_2022_MA001, complete genome.
ACCESSION   ON563414
VERSION     ON563414.3
KEYWORDS    .
SOURCE      Monkeypox virus (monkeypox)
  ORGANISM  <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=10244">Monkeypox virus</a>
            Viruses; Varidnaviria; Bamfordvirae; Nucleocytoviricota;
            Pokkesviricetes; Chitovirales; Poxviridae; Chordopoxvirinae;
            Orthopoxvirus.</pre><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ON563414" rel="nofollow">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ON563414</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/videolist/watch/18381/how-far-can-bioinformatics-go-creating-organisms-used-for-testing</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2014 02:08:16 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/videolist/watch/18381/how-far-can-bioinformatics-go-creating-organisms-used-for-testing</link>
	<title><![CDATA[How far can bioinformatics go creating organisms used for testing?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<iframe width="" height="" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/FojhDef2NW4" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>"I think you can get very far on a technical level. The problem is that a human body is more complex than just one cell." ... "At some point we still need clinical tests on animals and humans before we use it for real treatment. But we will likely be able to remove 99 % of animal tests in the future."

Erik Lindahl, Professor of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics at KTH Royal Institute of Technology is telling us about his work.

From the episode "Science for life – mapping the building blocks of the human body". Watch the rest of the talk, and other talks at www.crosstalks.tv

Crosstalks is an academic talkshow produced by KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University.]]></description>
	
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44375/phyloherb-a-high%E2%80%90throughput-phylogenomic-pipeline-for-processing-genome-skimming-data</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 06 Sep 2023 00:14:28 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44375/phyloherb-a-high%E2%80%90throughput-phylogenomic-pipeline-for-processing-genome-skimming-data</link>
	<title><![CDATA[PhyloHerb: A high‐throughput phylogenomic pipeline for processing genome skimming data]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p dir="auto"><span>Phylo</span>genomic Analysis Pipeline for&nbsp;<span>Herb</span>arium Specimens</p>
<p dir="auto"><span>What is PhyloHerb</span>: PhyloHerb is a wrapper program to process&nbsp;<span>genome skimming</span>&nbsp;data collected from plant materials. The outcomes include the plastid genome (plastome) assemblies, mitochondrial genome assemblies, nuclear ribosomal DNAs (NTS+ETS+18S+ITS1+5.8S+ITS2+28S), alignments of gene and intergenic regions, and a species tree. It is designed to be a high throughput program dealing with lower quality data. Examples include&nbsp;<span>low-coverage (5x cpDNA) plastome phylogeny, recycling plastid genes from target enrichment data, retrieving low-copy nuclear genes from medium coverage (5x nucDNA) genome skimming</span>.</p>
<p dir="auto"><span>License</span>: GNU General Public License</p>
<p dir="auto"><span>Citation</span>:</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>Cai, Liming, Hongrui Zhang, and Charles C. Davis. 2022. PhyloHerb: A high‐throughput phylogenomic pipeline for processing genome‐skimming data. Applications in Plant Sciences 10(3): 1&ndash;9.&nbsp;<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11475">https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11475</a></li>
</ul><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/lmcai/PhyloHerb/" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/lmcai/PhyloHerb/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhi</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/18576/graduate-research-assistantships-university-of-nebraska-lincoln-unl</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 22 Oct 2014 10:05:31 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Graduate research assistantships @ University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL)]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Graduate research assistantships in quantitative genetics are available with Gota Morota in the Department of Animal Science at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL).</p>

<p>Current projects in the Morota lab include developing kernel-based whole-genome prediction and kernel-based genome-wide association models, polygenic modeling of binary traits, reexamining the results from quantitative genetics analysis in light of functional annotation, and extending kernel methods (such as GBLUP and RKHS) specifically tailored for diverse types of emerging omics data.</p>

<p>In addition, candidates will be expected to leverage opportunities to interact with faculty in animal genetics and biometrics at the UNL in the areas of bioinformatics, breeding, functional genomics, quantitative genetics, and molecular genetics.</p>

<p>Candidates should have a B.S. or M.S. degree in quantitative disciplines with strong background and interest in statistical computing. <br />The starting date is Fall 2015. <br />For more information about research in the Morota lab at the UNL, visit: http://www.morotalab.org</p>

<p>A letter of interest in the position, C.V., and contact information for <br />three references should be emailed to Gota Morota at . <br />Review of applications will begin immediately, and continue until the <br />positions are filled. Informal inquiries are also welcome.</p>

<p>Also, please see: http://animalscience.unl.edu/anscprospectivegraduatestudents</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44773/genetic-basis-of-tail-loss-evolution</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 04 Mar 2025 12:12:36 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44773/genetic-basis-of-tail-loss-evolution</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Genetic basis of tail-loss evolution]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>The paper <em>"On the genetic basis of tail-loss evolution in humans and apes (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07095-8)"</em>, published in <em>Nature</em>, investigates the genetic mechanisms that led to the loss of tails in humans and apes. The study suggests that a specific genetic mutation, involving the insertion of an <em>Alu</em> element (a type of transposable DNA sequence), played a critical role in the evolutionary transition from tailed primates to tailless hominoids.</p><h3><strong>Key Findings of the Study:</strong></h3><ol>
<li>
<p><strong>Alu Insertion and Tail Loss:</strong><br /> The researchers discovered an <em>Alu</em>-mediated genetic change in a common ancestor of modern apes and humans. This change disrupted the normal function of a gene involved in tail development, leading to the suppression of tail formation.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Gene Disruption Mechanism:</strong><br /> The <em>Alu</em> insertion was found within a regulatory region of the <em>TBXT</em> gene (also known as <em>T</em> or <em>Brachyury</em>), which is crucial for tail development in vertebrates. This insertion likely altered the gene's expression patterns, leading to tail reduction over evolutionary time.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Functional Evidence from Model Organisms:</strong><br /> To test their hypothesis, the researchers introduced similar genetic modifications in mice. The modified mice exhibited shortened or absent tails, supporting the idea that the identified mutation played a role in tail loss in hominoids.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Evolutionary Implications:</strong><br /> The findings suggest that small, random genomic changes&mdash;such as transposable element insertions&mdash;can have profound effects on body morphology. This study provides evidence that mobile DNA elements (like <em>Alu</em>) can drive major evolutionary transitions.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Relevance to Human Evolution:</strong><br /> Understanding the genetic basis of tail loss helps in reconstructing the evolutionary history of hominins (the lineage that includes humans and our extinct relatives). It also sheds light on how genetic variations contribute to anatomical diversity among primates.</p>
</li>
</ol><h3><strong>Significance of the Study:</strong></h3><p>This research highlights the role of transposable elements in shaping evolutionary traits and provides a concrete genetic explanation for a defining characteristic of humans and great apes. It also demonstrates how mutations in regulatory regions of developmental genes can lead to significant anatomical changes.</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>LEGE</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/18820/jrfsrf-at-university-of-calcutta</guid>
  <pubDate>Fri, 31 Oct 2014 08:53:10 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[JRF/SRF at University of Calcutta]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Applications are invited to appear at a walk-in-interview for one post of Junior Research Fellow in the DBT(DBT Twinning NER) sponsored project entitled “Protein folding kinetics is a selection force on shaping codon usage bias in the high expression genes” in the room of the HOD, Department of Biotechnology and the Coordinator, DR. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University College of Science, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019 on the 12th November, 2014 at 3:00 p.m.</p>

<p>Essential qualifications: First class M. Sc. in any branch of life sciences and qualified CSIR-UGC NET/GATE Examination.</p>

<p>Desirable qualifications: Practical experience in biochemical and biophysical studies of proteins</p>

<p>Emoluments: as per DBT norms</p>

<p>The project is tenable for two years, initially for one year.</p>

<p>Age: Below 28 years (relaxable in the case of SC/ST/OBC/women candidates)</p>

<p>Candidates are requested to bring two sets of complete applications on plain paper furnishing bio-data and copies of attested certificates along with originals (for verification) on the date of interview.</p>

<p>No TA/DA is admissible for candidates appearing at the interview.</p>

<p>Dr. Rajat Banerjee<br />Assistant Professor<br />Department of Biotechnology and<br />Dr. B. C. Guha Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology<br />University College of Science<br />35, Ballygunge Circular Road<br />Kolkata 700019</p>

<p>Advertisement: www.caluniv.ac.in/news/jrf_biotech_2.pdf</p>
]]></description>
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