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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/31100?offset=970</link>
	<atom:link href="https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/31100?offset=970" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/7568/oldest-hominin-dna-sequenced</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 27 Dec 2013 19:58:31 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/7568/oldest-hominin-dna-sequenced</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Oldest Hominin DNA Sequenced]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Matthias Meyer and his team from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, have developed new techniques for retrieving and sequencing highly degraded ancient DNA. They then joined forces with Juan-Luis Arsuaga and applied the new techniques to a cave bear from the Sima de los Huesos site. After this success, the researchers sampled two grams of bone powder from a hominin thigh bone from the cave. They extracted its DNA and sequenced the genome of the mitochondria or mtDNA, a small part of the genome that is passed down along the maternal line and occurs in many copies per cell. The researchers then compared this ancient mitochondrial DNA with Neandertals, Denisovans, present-day humans, and apes.<br /><br />From the missing mutations in the old DNA sequences the researchers calculated that the Sima hominin lived about 400,000 years ago. They also found that it shared a common ancestor with the Denisovans, an extinct archaic group from Asia related to the Neandertals, about 700,000 years ago. "The fact that the mtDNA of the Sima de los Huesos hominin shares a common ancestor with Denisovan rather than Neandertal mtDNAs is unexpected since its skeletal remains carry Neandertal-derived features," says Matthias Meyer. Considering their age and Neandertal-like features, the Sima hominins were likely related to the population ancestral to both Neandertals and Denisovans. Another possibility is that gene flow from yet another group of hominins brought the Denisova-like mtDNA into the Sima hominins or their ancestors.<br /><br /></p><p>Reference</p><p>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/12/131204132018.htm</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Surajeet</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/45278/the-day-we-began-reading-the-dna-of-the-world</guid>
	<pubDate>Sat, 05 Sep 2026 01:43:21 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/45278/the-day-we-began-reading-the-dna-of-the-world</link>
	<title><![CDATA[The Day We Began Reading the DNA of the World]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<div>Picture waking up and knowing that in one lab, a scientist is reading the DNA of a whale. In another, a team is sequencing a rare plant. Meanwhile, researchers in India are decoding the genomes of different human populations.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>Many organisms. Many countries. All share one remarkable goal: to understand the genetic story of life.</div><div>DNA is nature's instruction manual, written with just four letters: A, T, C, and G. For years, scientists could only read small sections of this huge book. Now, new sequencing technology lets us read entire genomes like never before.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>One of the most ambitious projects is the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP). Its goal is to create reference genomes for about 1.5 million known eukaryotic species. This project links genome research across continents, species, and scientific fields.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>But this story goes beyond just animals and plants.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div><strong>A New Chapter in Human Genomics</strong></div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>Large human genome projects are changing how we understand our own genetic diversity.</div><div>India's GenomeIndia project has sequenced thousands of people from different populations. This work is uncovering genetic variation that global databases have often missed.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>Similar population-scale effSimilar large-scale projects are happening worldwide. The All of Us Research Program in the United States, Europe's 1+ Million Genomes initiative, South Korea's national genomic data program, and projects in Saudi Arabia, Australia, and Singapore are all building huge genomic resources.collect DNA.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>The real goal is to link genomes with health, disease, and other biological information. This creates a base for more accurate research and, in time, more personalized medicine.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div><strong>A Race Against Time</strong></div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>There is also an important twist.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>We are sequencing Earth's biodiversity even as many species face growing environmental threats.</div><div>A genome alone cannot save a species, but it does keep important information about its biology, evolution, and genetic diversity. This knowledge helps scientists understand risks, guide conservation, and find traits that could help agriculture or medicine.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>Projects like the Darwin Tree of Life, which studies species in Britain and Ireland, and the African BioGenome Project, which is growing genomics work across Africa, are key parts of this worldwide effort.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>Projects to Watch</div><ol>
<li>Earth BioGenome Project (EBP) - A global effort to sequence and annotate roughly 1.5 million known eukaryotic species and create a comprehensive reference library of Earth's biodiversity.</li>
<li>Vertebrate Genomes Project (VGP) - Focuses on producing high-quality reference genomes for vertebrate species, providing a major foundation for the wider Tree of Life.</li>
<li>Darwin Tree of Life - A UK and Ireland initiative aiming to sequence approximately 70,000 species, creating a detailed genomic map of regional biodiversity.</li>
<li>African BioGenome Project (AfricaBP) - A pan-African initiative focused on sequencing Africa's biodiversity while strengthening genomics and bioinformatics capacity across the continent.</li>
<li>European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) - A European effort to generate high-quality reference genomes for Europe's biodiversity and connect national sequencing efforts.</li>
<li>Canada BioGenome Project - Building reference genomes for Canadian biodiversity, supporting conservation, research and the study of ecosystems.</li>
<li>California Conservation Genomics Project - Uses genomics to understand and protect California's biodiversity and help inform conservation decisions.</li>
<li>Bat1K - An ambitious global effort to sequence the genomes of all known bat species, helping scientists study their evolution, longevity, immunity and unique biology.</li>
<li>Bird 10,000 (B10K) - A global project aiming to create genome resources covering the world's bird diversity and reconstruct avian evolutionary history.</li>
<li>Global Invertebrate Genomics Alliance (GIGA) - Builds genomic resources for the enormous and genetically diverse world of invertebrates.</li>
<li>GenomeIndia - India's national human-genome initiative, designed to capture the country's extraordinary population diversity and create a reference resource for Indian genomics.</li>
<li>All of Us Research Program - A US national research program combining genomic information with health and lifestyle data at population scale.</li>
<li>1+ Million Genomes / Genome of Europe - A European effort to enable secure, cross-border use of genomic and health data and develop genome-scale resources involving more than one million people.</li>
<li>Korea National Integrated Bio Big Data Project - South Korea's large-scale national effort combining genomic and health information from a very large population cohort.</li>
<li>Saudi Genome Program - A national genomics initiative focused on genetic diseases, population genomics and precision medicine in Saudi Arabia.</li>
<li>Australian Genomics / Genomics Health Futures Mission - Australia's growing investment in genomic medicine, rare disease research and population-scale health genomics.</li>
</ol><div><strong>The Library of Life</strong></div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>The fuThe future of genomics is not just about sequencing one genome at a time. Now, it is about creating a worldwide network of genomes&mdash;human and non-human, individual and species&mdash;linked by powerful databases and advanced computational tools.ine a library without shelves.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>In this library, the books are genomes. The pages are made of DNA. Scientists and machines are the readers. And this library is still being written. Each genome sequenced today adds a new page to the story of life and helps us better understand our place in it.</div>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jitendra Narayan</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/7986/list-of-bioinformatics-open-source-projectssoftware</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 21 Jan 2014 14:28:37 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/7986/list-of-bioinformatics-open-source-projectssoftware</link>
	<title><![CDATA[List of bioinformatics open source projects/software.]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Open source software is software that can be freely used, changed, and shared (in modified or unmodified form) by anyone. Open source software is made by many people, and distributed under licenses that comply with the Open Source Definition.The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is a global non-profit that supports and promotes the open source movement. Followings are the OS bioinformatics projects/software :</p><p><strong>.NET Bio</strong></p><p>http://blogs.msdn.com/b/msr_er/archive/2011/10/18/microsoft-biology-foundation-evolves-into-new-toolkit-net-bio.aspx</p><p>A language-neutral bioinformatics toolkit built using the Microsoft 4.0 .NET Framework to help developers, researchers, and scientists.</p><p><strong>AMPHORA</strong> ("AutoMated Phylogenomic infeRence Application")</p><p>http://wolbachia.biology.virginia.edu/WuLab/Software.html</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metagenomics" title="Metagenomics">Metagenomics</a> analysis software</p><p><strong>Anduril</strong></p><p>http://www.anduril.org/anduril/site/</p><p>Component-based <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workflow" title="Workflow">workflow</a> framework for data analysis</p><p>Armadillo workflow platform</p><p>Tool for designing and executing phylogenetic workflows</p><p><strong>AutoDock</strong></p><p>http://autodock.scripps.edu/</p><p>suite of automated docking tools</p><p><strong>Biochemical Algorithms Library (BALL)</strong></p><p>http://www.ball-project.org/</p><p>C++ library and framework for molecular modeling and visualization designed for rapid prototyping</p><p><strong>Bio4j</strong></p><p>http://bio4j.com/</p><p>Bio4j is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">bioinformatics</a> platform and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chart" title="Chart">graph</a> based <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> built around most data available in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a> KB(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss-Prot" title="Swiss-Prot">Swiss-Prot</a> + <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrEMBL" title="TrEMBL">TrEMBL</a>), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Ontology" title="Gene Ontology">Gene Ontology</a> (GO), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UniRef&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" title="UniRef (page does not exist)">UniRef</a> (50,90,100), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RefSeq" title="RefSeq">RefSeq</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> taxonomy, and Expasy Enzyme DB</p><p><strong>Bioclipse</strong></p><p>www.bioclipse.net</p><p>Visual platform for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheminformatics" title="Cheminformatics">chemo</a>- and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">bioinformatics</a> based on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse_%28software%29" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a> Rich Client Platform (RCP).</p><p><strong>Bioconductor</strong></p><p>http://www.bioconductor.org/</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_%28programming_language%29" title="R (programming language)">R (programming language)</a> language toolkit</p><p><strong>Bioinformatics Learning Tutorial (BLT)</strong></p><p>http://sourceforge.net/projects/biotutorial/</p><p>Educational <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_tutorials" title="Interactive tutorials">interactive tutorials</a> and 3D animations for Replication, Transcription, and Translation</p><p><strong>BioHaskell</strong></p><p>http://biohaskell.org/</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell_%28programming_language%29" title="Haskell (programming language)">Haskell (programming language)</a></p><p><strong>BioJava</strong></p><p>http://biojava.org/wiki/Main_Page</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28programming_language%29" title="Java (programming language)">Java (programming language)</a></p><p><strong>BioMOBY</strong></p><p>http://biomoby.org/</p><p>registry of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_services" title="Web services">web services</a></p><p><strong>BioPerl</strong></p><p>http://www.bioperl.org/wiki/Main_Page</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> language toolkit</p><p><strong>BioPHP</strong></p><p>http://www.biophp.org/</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> language toolkit</p><p><strong>Biopython</strong></p><p>http://biopython.org/wiki/Main_Page</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> language toolkit</p><p><strong>BioRails</strong></p><p>https://github.com/biorails</p><p>a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_management_system" title="Data management system">data management system</a> designed to support researchers in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_discovery" title="Drug discovery">drug discovery</a></p><p><strong>BioRuby</strong></p><p>http://bioruby.org/</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_%28programming_language%29" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a> language toolkit</p><p><strong>BioSmalltalk</strong></p><p>https://code.google.com/p/biosmalltalk/</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk_%28programming_language%29" title="Smalltalk (programming language)">Smalltalk</a> language toolkit</p><p><strong>BioUno</strong></p><p>http://www.biouno.org/</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BioUno&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" title="BioUno (page does not exist)">BioUno</a> is a project that applies <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_Integration" title="Continuous Integration">Continuous Integration</a> tools and techniques in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics" title="Bioinformatics">Bioinformatics</a>. It uses <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenkins_%28software%29" title="Jenkins (software)">Jenkins</a> and its plug-in API to create <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatics_workflow_management_system" title="Bioinformatics workflow management system">biology workflows</a> and manage <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_clusters" title="Computer clusters">computer clusters</a>.</p><p><strong>caCORE</strong></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>ontologic representation environment</p><p><strong>caArray</strong></p><p>https://cabig-stage.nci.nih.gov/community/tools/caArray</p><p>ontologic representation environment</p><p><strong>EMBOSS</strong></p><p>http://emboss.sourceforge.net/</p><p>Suite of packages for sequencing, searching, etc.</p><p><strong>Gaggle</strong></p><p>https://www.gaggle.net/</p><p>A framework for interoperability between systems biology software</p><p><strong>Galaxy</strong></p><p>http://galaxyproject.org/</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_workflow_system" title="Scientific workflow system">Scientific workflow</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_integration" title="Data integration">data integration</a> system</p><p><strong>GenePattern</strong></p><p>http://www.broadinstitute.org/cancer/software/genepattern/</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_workflow_system" title="Scientific workflow system">Scientific workflow system</a> that provides access to more than 150 genomic analysis tools</p><p><strong>GeWorkbench</strong></p><p>http://wiki.c2b2.columbia.edu/workbench/index.php/Home</p><p>Genomic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_integration" title="Data integration">data integration</a> platform</p><p><strong>GMOD</strong></p><p>http://www.gmod.org/wiki/Main_Page</p><p>Toolkit for addressing many common challenges at biological databases.</p><p><strong>GeneProf</strong></p><p>http://www.geneprof.org/GeneProf/</p><p>A web-based, bioinformatics software suite for the analysis of functional genomics experiments, e.g. RNA-seq or ChIP-seq.</p><p><strong>GeneTalk</strong></p><p>http://www.gene-talk.de/</p><p>Tool for filtering sequence variants in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variant_Call_Format" title="Variant Call Format">VCF</a> files. Network for scientists and clinicians for expertise and knowledge exchange. Database of annotations aboute sequence variants with clinically relevant information.</p><p><strong>GenGIS</strong></p><p>http://kiwi.cs.dal.ca/GenGIS/Main_Page</p><p>Application that allows users to combine digital map data with information about biological sequences collected from the environment.</p><p><strong>GenomeSpace</strong></p><p>http://www.genomespace.org/</p><p>Centralized web application that provides data format transformations and facilitates connections with other bioinformatics tools</p><p><strong>GENtle</strong></p><p>http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/GENtle</p><p>An equivalent to the proprietary <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_NTI" title="Vector NTI">Vector NTI</a>, a tool to analyze and edit <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> sequence files</p><p><strong>Integrated Genome Browser</strong></p><p>http://bioviz.org/igb/</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28software_platform%29" title="Java (software platform)">Java</a>-based desktop <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_browser" title="Genome browser">genome browser</a></p><p><strong>Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV)</strong></p><p>http://www.broadinstitute.org/igv/</p><p>High-performance desktop tool for interactive visual exploration of diverse genomic data</p><p><strong>IntAct</strong></p><p>http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact/</p><p>molecular interaction database</p><p><strong>InterMine</strong></p><p>http://intermine.github.io/intermine.org/</p><p>Extensive data warehouse system for the analysis and integration of biological datasets</p><p><strong>Java Treeview</strong></p><p>http://jtreeview.sourceforge.net/</p><p>microarray data viewer</p><p><strong>LabKey Server</strong></p><p>http://labkey.com/</p><p>platform for integrating, analyzing and sharing data</p><p><strong>OpenClinica</strong></p><p>https://www.openclinica.com/</p><p>software for capturing and managing data in clinical trials</p><p><a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/512">PromKappa</a></p><p>http://xbioinformatics.wordpress.com/tag/promkappa/</p><p>PromKappa (Promoter analysis by Kappa) software program used for promoter pattern generation and promoter analysis.</p><p><strong>MeV: Multi-Experiment Viewer</strong></p><p>http://www.tm4.org/mev.html</p><p>a desktop application for the analysis, visualization and data-mining of large-scale genomic data</p><p><strong>PathVisio</strong></p><p>http://www.pathvisio.org/</p><p>a desktop software for drawing, analysis and visualization of biological pathways</p><p>REDCRAFT</p><p>software for determining tertiary protein structure given assigned Residual Dipolar Coupling data</p><p>SAM Tools</p><p>Data format (SAM) and accompanying tool suite, for storing large nucleotide sequence alignments</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staden_Package" title="Staden Package">Staden Package</a></p><p>Sequence assembly, editing and analysis, primarily consisting of gap4, gap5 and spin.</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAMP" title="STAMP">STAMP</a></p><p>Software package for analyzing metagenomic profiles that promotes &lsquo;best practices&rsquo; in choosing appropriate statistical techniques and reporting results.</p><p><a href="http://supfam.org/supraHex">supraHex</a></p><p>An open-source R/Bioconductor package for omics data analysis using a supra-hexagonal map</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taverna_workbench" title="Taverna workbench">Taverna workbench</a></p><p>Tool for designing and executing workflows</p><p>TGAC Browser</p><p>Genome Browser, visualisation solutions for big data in the genomic era</p><p>T-REX WebServer</p><p>Bioinformatics and phylogenetics webserver (NJ, PhyML, RAxML, MAFFT, MUSCLE, Newick viewer, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_gene_transfer" title="Horizontal gene transfer">Horizontal gene transfer</a> detection, Reticulograms, Substitution models)</p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UGENE" title="UGENE">UGENE</a></p><p>integrated bioinformatics tools</p><p>Visomics</p><p>bioinformatics tools for omics data</p><p>Genome Analysis Toolkit 1.0 (GATK 1.0)</p><p>a software package to analyse next-generation resequencing data</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/4183/320000-viruses-in-mammals-yet-to-sequenced-in-future</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 03 Sep 2013 08:35:30 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/4183/320000-viruses-in-mammals-yet-to-sequenced-in-future</link>
	<title><![CDATA[320000 viruses in mammals yet to sequenced in future!!!]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>With current biological technique improvements, finally it is now possible to look at millions of unknown viruses at genomic level and understand the mechanism. According to available data, close to 70 per cent of emerging viral diseases such as HIV/AIDS, West Nile, Ebola, SARS, and influenza, are zoonoses - infections of animals that cross into humans.</p><p>To address the challenges of describing and estimating virodiversity, a team of investigators from Center for Infection and Immunity (CII) and EcoHealth Alliance began in jungles of Bangladesh - home to the flying fox.</p><p>Reference:</p><p><a href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/mammals-harbour-at-least-320000-new-viruses/articleshow/22253268.cms">http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/mammals-harbour-at-least-320000-new-viruses/articleshow/22253268.cms</a></p><p><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-23932400">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-23932400</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Agarwal</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/8174/the-2014-cemm-phd-program</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 05 Feb 2014 06:03:15 -0600</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[The 2014 CeMM PhD Program]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>For our next PhD Program starting in October 2014 we are looking for exceptionally motivated PhD candidates with a keen interest in genomics and medicine and a strong interest to work in teams.</p>

<p>The 2014 CeMM PhD Program will focus on two thematic areas: INFECTION and CANCER, that are built on the pillars of epigenetics, bioinformatics and systems biology, chemical biology and the mechanism of action of drugs, high-throughput genetics, genomics and proteomics, and molecular and cell biology.</p>

<p>The choice of this strategic focus rests on the synergies between immunology, infection and cancer in pathophysiological and technological terms. It furthermore reflects the strength of the current CeMM faculty, itself built around the historical and contemporary expertise in immunology and cancer of the Medical University of Vienna.</p>

<p>As a CeMM PhD student you will get the chance to work at the cutting edge of interdisciplinary molecular medicine research and be trained by the entire CeMM and associated faculty to become one of the scientists shaping the future of molecular medicine.<br />Requirements</p>

<p>To be eligible to enroll in the CeMM PhD Program all candidates are required to have a bachelor’s or master’s degree in medicine, biology, chemistry, bioinformatics, mathematics or any scientific/technical, subject-relevant degree. Candidates do not need to have completed their degree at the time of application, however they must have obtained their final degree certificate by mid-September. The working language at CeMM is English, so excellent written and oral communication skills in English are required.<br />Timeline</p>

<p>    Applications open on 20th January and close on 20th March 2014.<br />    Two references are required to be submitted through the online system by 31st March 2014.<br />    All complete candidate applications are reviewed by the CeMM Faculty in early April.<br />    Selected candidates are invited to a Skype panel interview in late April.<br />    Shortlisted candidates are then invited to Vienna in May for a full interview process, including an opportunity to introduce yourself through a presentation and interview rounds, meet research group members, and attend an informal dinner to get to know the Faculty members and learn more about their research.<br />    Positions are offered by CeMM Faculty in June.<br />    Start of PhD Program: 1st October 2014 .</p>

<p>Contact</p>

<p>Binia Maria Günther, BEd BA<br />Human Resources Manager<br />bguenther@cemm.oeaw.ac.at</p>

<p>Catherine Lloyd, Ph.D.<br />PhD and Postdoc Program Manager<br />clloyd@cemm.oeaw.ac.at</p>

<p>More Info: www.cemm.oeaw.ac.at/phd-program/application/</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/4574/tools-to-detect-synteny-blocks-regions-among-multiple-genomes</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 16 Sep 2013 17:12:02 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/4574/tools-to-detect-synteny-blocks-regions-among-multiple-genomes</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Tools to detect synteny blocks regions among multiple genomes]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>The synteny block (which etymologically means &ldquo;on the same ribbon&rdquo;) is a collection of contiguous genes located on the same chromosome. These block regions have mostly been preserved by genome rearrangements, and so synteny blocks from two related species (e.g., humans and mice) will be roughly similar but flipped around on the respective genomes. Ovcharenko et. al. define it as &lsquo;any conserved sequence blocks, regardless of whether it encompasses multiple genes, an area containing single genes, or areas devoid of known genes to be considers as synteny block as long as there is conservation at the sequence level. Today, however, biologists usually refer to synteny as the conservation of blocks of order within two sets of chromosomes that are being compared with each other. This concept can also be referred to as shared synteny. The NHBLI/NCBI Glossary define synteny as &ldquo;Two genes which occur on the same chromosome are syntenic; however, syntenic genes may or may not be "linked."</p><p>Now a day, geneticists have developed a language of their own. They are pouring lots of money and energy to read the entire genomic text and understand the gods own code ATGC. It is somewhat fascinating, not only for geneticist but also for non-biologist to know that there are several conserved blocks in genome which remain conserved over hundreds of millions of years. There have been several researches on conserved blocks and non-conserved regions to understand the mechanism and importance of all these regions (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675965/). The finding indicates conservation and rearrangements of certain evolutionary important genes play an important role in evolution/adaptive changes (http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v491/n7424/abs/nature11622.html https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/8/8/2442/2198198/Novel-Insights-into-Chromosome-Evolution-in-Birds , http://science.sciencemag.org/content/346/6215/1311).</p><p>But the puzzle remains open, how to correctly define the synteny (presence of two or more genes on the same chromosome) and conserved synteny (presence of two or more genes on chromosome of each of the two species) on several genomes.</p><p><img src="http://bioinformaticsonline.com/mod/photo/syntenyImg.jpg" alt="image" width="720" height="179" style="border: 0px; border: 0px;"></p><p>Figure: Image generated with Evolution Highway (EH) tool http://eh-demo.ncsa.illinois.edu/&nbsp;</p><p>Keeping the new approach to define conserved synteny in mind there have been various algorithms developed to identify the conserved homologous synteny blocks (HSB) amongst species. Some of them which were commonly used for synteny detections are:</p><p>SyntenyTracker ( http://www-app.igb.uiuc.edu/labs/lewin/donthu/Synteny_assign/html/),</p><p>SyntenyTracker was shown to be an efficient and accurate automated tool for defining HSBs using datasets that may contain minor errors resulting from limitations in map construction methodologies.</p><p>CoGe (http://genomevolution.org/CoGe/SynFind.pl )</p><p>Satsuma (http://evomics.org/learning/genomics/satsuma/)</p><p>Cinteny (http://cinteny.cchmc.org/) ,</p><p>Cinteny server can be used for finding regions syntenic across multiple genomes and measuring the extent of genome rearrangement using reversal distance as a measure.</p><p>OrthoCluster (http://krono.act.uji.es/noticias/orthocluster-a-new-tool-for-mining-syntenic-blocks)</p><p>A new tool for mining syntenic blocks in comparative genomics</p><p>SynMap (http://genomevolution.org/wiki/index.php/SynMap),</p><p>SyMAP (http://www.symapdb.org/)</p><p>SyMAP (Synteny Mapping and Analysis Program) v4.0 is an automated system for identifying and displaying genome synteny alignments. The genomes may be represented by sequenced chromosomes (pseudomolecules), by draft sequence contigs, or by FPC physical maps (with BAC-end or marker sequence).</p><p>http://genomevolution.org/CoGe/SynMap.pl</p><p>RegionMiner (http://www.genomatix.de/online_help/help_regionminer/orthologous.html)</p><p>SyntenyMiner is being developed as an application to visualize and interrogate comparisons among multiple complete genome sequences. http://syntenyminer.sourceforge.net/</p><p>AutoGRAPH ( http://autograph.genouest.org/),</p><p>AutoGRAPH is an integrated web server for multi-species comparative genomic analysis. It is designed for constructing and visualizing synteny maps between two or three species, determination and display of macrosynteny and microsynteny relationships among species, and for highlighting evolutionary breakpoints.</p><p>SynChro(http://www.lgm.upmc.fr/CHROnicle/SynChro.html)</p><p>SynChro is a tool designed to define conserved synteny blocks. It reconstructs synteny blocks between pairwise comparison of multiple genomes. The reconstructed synteny blocks may overlap each other, be included in one another or duplicated due to micro-rearrangements.</p><p>SyntenyView ( http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/dtucourse/cookbooks/nikob/exercises/gf1_output_5.html),</p><p>Ensembl 'SyntenyView' shows conservation of large-scale gene order between species pairs. A brief summary of the calculation method appears at the bottom of this help page.&nbsp; The left of a 'SyntenyView' page displays a diagram of chromosomes with blocks of conserved synteny. The right of a page shows homology matches between individual genes within syntenic blocks.</p><p>SynBrowse ( http://www.synbrowse.org/),</p><p>SynBrowse (Synteny Browser) is a generic sequence comparison tool for visualizing genome alignments both within and between species. It is intended to help scientists study and analyze synteny, homologous genes and other conserved elements between sequences. This software is useful in studying genome duplication and evolution. It can also aid in identifying uncharacterized genes, putative regulatory elements and novel structural features of study species by comparing to a well annotated reference sequence, thus enabling genome curators to refine and edit annotations of species that have incomplete genome annotations.</p><p>Sibelia (http://arxiv.org/abs/1307.7941).</p><p>A comparative genomic tool: It assists biologists in analysing the genomic variations that correlate with pathogens, or the genomic changes that help microorganisms adapt in different environments. Sibelia will also be helpful for the evolutionary and genome rearrangement studies for multiple strains of microorganisms.</p><p>GSV (http://cas-bioinfo.cas.unt.edu/gsv/homepage.php)</p><p>Genome Synteny Viewer allows users to upload files which contain synteny regions between two or more genomes and interactively visualize the synteny between them. GSV also allows users to upload annotation files to visualize annotated regions in addition to synteny regions.</p><p>MicroSyn (http://www.lgm.upmc.fr/CHROnicle/SynChro.html)</p><p>MicroSyn software as a means of detecting microsynteny in adjacent genomic regions surrounding genes in gene families. MicroSyn searches for conserved, flanking colinear homologous gene pairs between two genomic fragments to determine the relationship between two members in a gene family.</p><p>SynOrth (http://synorth.genereg.net/)</p><p>Synorth [s n &ocirc;rth], named in combination of "synteny" and "ortholog", is designed for the study of evolutionary changes of genomic regulatory blocks (GRBs) in vertebrate genomes, and especially the changes following the whole-genome duplication in teleost fish, by tracing the ortholog genes gain and loss in ancient synteny blocks.</p><p>SyDiG (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21441096)</p><p>Uncovering Synteny in Distant Genomes.</p><p>MapSynteny&nbsp; (http://www.automatizacionysistemas.com/download.html)</p><p>MapSynteny is a macro in MS Excel&reg; able to create images to show the relationship between genetic maps and large sequences (scaffolds, chromosomes, BACs, etc.). Based on tab &ndash; delimited BLAST results and some formulas, a suitable image of syntenic relationships or physical mapping can be obtained. http://www.automatizacionysistemas.com/Poster_MapSynteny.pdf</p><p>One of the best synteny tutorial for beginer @&nbsp;http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/synteny-inferring-ancestral-genomes-44022</p><p>Reference:</p><p><a href="http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/synteny-inferring-ancestral-genomes-44022">http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/synteny-inferring-ancestral-genomes-44022</a></p><p><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v491/n7424/full/nature11622.html">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v491/n7424/full/nature11622.html</a></p><p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synteny">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synteny</a></p><p><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675965/">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675965/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jitendra Narayan</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/8123/jrf-manit</guid>
  <pubDate>Sun, 02 Feb 2014 03:07:58 -0600</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[JRF @ MANIT]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHOPAL</p>

<p>No. CSE/14/1038</p>

<p>Walk in Interview for the post of JRF under TEQIP-II</p>

<p>SN Department – Qualification Post Graduation – Time</p>

<p>1 Bio-Informatics &amp; Mathematics M.Tech Bio-informatics/M.Sc.* Maths  10.00 AM</p>

<p>2 Biological Sciences M.Sc.* in any branch of Biological Sciences 10.30 AM</p>

<p>3 Chemical Engineering M.Tech Chemical Engineering 11.00 AM</p>

<p>4 Chemistry M.Sc.* Chemistry 11.30 AM</p>

<p>5 Civil Engineering M.Tech Structure/GeoTech. /Water -Resources/Hydraulics/Environment/Transport 12.00 Noon</p>

<p>6 GIS M.Tech GIS/Civil 12.30 PM</p>

<p>7 Computer Science &amp; Engineering M.Tech CSE/Information Security 01.00 PM</p>

<p>8 Electrical Engineering M.Tech Electrical Derives 01.30 PM</p>

<p>9 Electronics &amp; Communication M.Tech Digital Communication 02.00 PM</p>

<p>10 MSME M.Tech Material Science/ Mechanical/Metallurgy 02.30 PM</p>

<p>11 Physics M.Sc.* Physics 03.00 PM</p>

<p>* M.Sc. with NET/GATE qualified</p>

<p>Resume along with one passport size photograph and relevant documents are required at the time of interview</p>

<p>Amount of Fellowship: Rs 18000/-month+ HRA</p>

<p>Duration: 31st Dec 2014 (End of TEQIP-II project)</p>

<p>Date of Interview: 7th  February 2014</p>

<p>Venue Institute Committee Room</p>

<p>Advertisement:</p>

<p>http://www.manit.ac.in/manitbhopal/Year2014/Recruitment/Advertisement%20JRF.pdf</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/view/8650/bioinformatician-duties-and-jobs</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 05 Mar 2014 14:32:26 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/view/8650/bioinformatician-duties-and-jobs</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Bioinformatician duties and jobs !!!]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span><em>Needle</em> in a haystack</span> ... ohh yes this is what bioinformatician do. We handle and analyse, Terabytes and Petabytes of genomic data on daily basis.</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jitendra Narayan</dc:creator>
	<enclosure url="https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/download/8650" length="37079" type="image/gif" />
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/8287/post-doc-in-computational-genetics-and-genomics-at-ceinge-biotecnologie-avanzate-naples-italy</guid>
  <pubDate>Tue, 11 Feb 2014 08:06:47 -0600</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Post doc in Computational Genetics and Genomics at CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>We are seeking one motivated scientist to analyze genomics and transcriptomics data of a large collection of neuroblastoma tumors. The successful candidate will be part of a team of researchers with extensive expertise in genome cancer study. He/she will be involved in the analysis of DNA-seq, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq data using available methods running in R and UNIX environment.</p>

<p>Qualifications</p>

<p>PhD or Post-Graduated Master degree is required. Successful candidates will have some expertise in data analysis of NGS data by using methods running in R and UNIX environment. Familiarity with genome databases and browsers is required.</p>

<p>Application</p>

<p>Candidates should send a CV and a brief personal statement focusing on their skills and interests related to the research project.</p>

<p>Contacts</p>

<p>Start date: 1° April 2014<br />Salary on grant: 25,000 euros per year.<br />Contact Person (Referent): Mario Capasso<br />Ref. Email: mario.capasso@unina.it and achille.iolascon@unina.it<br />Tel: +39 081 3737889</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/26179/alignment-of-closely-related-whole-genomesscaffolds</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 29 Jan 2016 10:37:27 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/26179/alignment-of-closely-related-whole-genomesscaffolds</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Alignment of closely related whole genomes/scaffolds]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>With the relative ease and low cost of current generation sequencing technologies has led to a dramatic increase in the number of sequenced genomes for species across the tree of life. This increasing volume of data requires tools that can quickly compare multiple whole-genome sequences, millions of base pairs in length, to aid in the study of populations, pan-genomes, and genome evolution.This bookmaks have been created to report new tools for whole genome alignments.</p>
<p>Please report new whole genome alignment tools under comment sections.</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://www.cs.utoronto.ca/~brudno/721.full.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.cs.utoronto.ca/~brudno/721.full.pdf</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
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