<![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]> https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/34413?offset=440 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43714/hiv-genome-database Fri, 21 Jan 2022 05:40:15 -0600 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43714/hiv-genome-database <![CDATA[HIV genome database !]]> HIV resources

https://www.hiv.lanl.gov/components/sequence/HIV/search/search.html

Address of the bookmark: https://www.hiv.lanl.gov/components/sequence/HIV/search/search.html

]]> Rahul Nayak https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43909/human-complete-genome Wed, 06 Jul 2022 06:42:55 -0500 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43909/human-complete-genome <![CDATA[Human Complete Genome]]> Telomere-to-telomere consortium

We have sequenced the CHM13hTERT human cell line with a number of technologies. Human genomic DNA was extracted from the cultured cell line. As the DNA is native, modified bases will be preserved. The data includes 30x PacBio HiFi, 120x coverage of Oxford Nanopore, 70x PacBio CLR, 50x 10X Genomics, as well as BioNano DLS and Arima Genomics HiC. Most raw data is available from this site, with the exception of the PacBio data which was generated by the University of Washington/PacBio and is available from NCBI SRA.

A UCSC browser is available for v2.0 (as well as legacy v1.0 and v1.1 versions). An interactive dotplot visualization of all genomic repeats is also available from resgen.io. Known issues identified in the assembly are tracked at CHM13 issues.

 

MORE at https://github.com/marbl/CHM13

Address of the bookmark: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj6987

]]> Shruti Paniwala https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/44371/steps-to-find-all-the-repeats-in-the-genome Thu, 31 Aug 2023 02:43:28 -0500 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/44371/steps-to-find-all-the-repeats-in-the-genome <![CDATA[Steps to find all the repeats in the genome !]]>

To find repeats in a genome from 2 to 9 length using a Perl script, you can use the RepeatMasker tool with the "--length" option[0]. Here's a step-by-step guide:

  1. Install RepeatMasker: First, you need to install RepeatMasker on your system. You can download it from the RepeatMasker website[0].
  1. Prepare the genome sequence: Make sure you have the genome sequence in a FASTA file format. Let's assume the file is named "genome.fasta".

./RepeatMasker -pa <number_of_processors> -nolow -norna -no_is -div <divergence_value> -lib RepeatMaskerLib.embl -gff -xsmall -small -poly -species <species_name> -dir <output_directory> -length <min_length>-<max_length> genome.fasta

Replace the following placeholders with appropriate values:

  • <number_of_processors>: The number of processors/threads you want to use for parallel processing.
  • <divergence_value>: The divergence value for the species you are analyzing. You can find divergence values for different species in the RepeatMasker documentation[0].
  • <species_name>: The name of the species you are analyzing.
  • <output_directory>: The directory where you want the output files to be saved.
  • <min_length> and <max_length>: The minimum and maximum lengths of the repeats you want to find (in this case, 2 and 9).
  1. Analyze the output: RepeatMasker will generate several output files, including a .out file. You can parse this file to extract the information you need. There is a Perl tool called "one_code_to_find_them_all.pl" that can help you parse RepeatMasker output files[0]. You can download it from the source provided.
  1. Use the provided Perl script: Once you have the "one_code_to_find_them_all.pl" script, you can run it to conveniently parse the RepeatMasker output files. Here's an example of how to use it:

perl one_code_to_find_them_all.pl --rm <RepeatMasker_out_file> --length <length_file>

 

Replace <RepeatMasker_out_file> with the path to your RepeatMasker .out file, and <length_file> with the path to a file containing the lengths of the reference elements.

This script will generate several output files, including .log.txt and .copynumber.csv, which contain quantitative information about the identified repeat elements.

Remember to adjust the parameters and options according to your specific needs and the characteristics of your genome.

]]> Neel https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44628/uncovar-workflow-for-transparent-and-robust-virus-variant-calling-genome-reconstruction-and-lineage-assignment Mon, 05 Aug 2024 23:01:29 -0500 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44628/uncovar-workflow-for-transparent-and-robust-virus-variant-calling-genome-reconstruction-and-lineage-assignment <![CDATA[UnCoVar: Workflow for Transparent and Robust Virus Variant Calling, Genome Reconstruction and Lineage Assignment]]> UnCoVar: Workflow for Transparent and Robust Virus Variant Calling, Genome Reconstruction and Lineage Assignment

  • Using state of the art tools, easily extended for other viruses

  • Tool and database updates for critical components via Conda

  • Built using modern design patterns with Conda and Snakemake

  • Extensible and easy to customize

  • Submission Ready Genomes

  • Customizable reporting with comprehensive visualization

https://ikim-essen.github.io/uncovar/

Github https://github.com/IKIM-Essen/uncovar

 

 

Address of the bookmark: https://ikim-essen.github.io/uncovar/

]]> BioStar https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44766/genome-simulation-with-slim-and-msprime Fri, 31 Jan 2025 12:47:43 -0600 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44766/genome-simulation-with-slim-and-msprime <![CDATA[Genome Simulation with SLiM and msprime]]> Genome simulation is an essential tool in population genetics, enabling researchers to model evolutionary processes and study genetic variation. Two widely used simulation tools in this field are SLiM and msprime. While both serve different purposes, they can be used together with the slendr framework to compare simulation outputs effectively.

Overview of SLiM and msprime

SLiM: Forward Genetic Simulator

SLiM is a free, open-source tool designed for forward genetic simulations. It allows researchers to model complex evolutionary scenarios, including selection, recombination, and demographic events, making it particularly useful for studying adaptation and selection in populations.

Key Features of SLiM:

  • Simulates population evolution forward in time

  • Supports custom evolutionary models using an embedded scripting language

  • Allows modeling of spatial and ecological dynamics

  • Provides high flexibility and extensibility for user-defined scenarios

  • Available on GitHub as an open-source project

msprime: Ancestry and Mutation Simulator

msprime is an efficient, open-source tool that simulates ancestry and mutations using a coalescent framework. It is known for its high-speed performance and low memory requirements, making it a popular choice for large-scale genomic simulations.

Key Features of msprime:

  • Implements coalescent simulations for ancestry modeling

  • Efficiently simulates large population histories

  • Supports the addition of mutations to genealogies

  • Developed using an open-source community model

  • Often faster and more memory-efficient than alternative simulators

Using SLiM and msprime with slendr

Both SLiM and msprime can be integrated with slendr, a framework that facilitates structured population genetic simulations. This integration allows for seamless comparison of simulation outputs.

How They Work Together:

  • SLiM and msprime simulations can be analyzed within slendr.

  • The ts_read() function in slendr enables loading and comparing tree sequence outputs from both simulators.

  • This integration allows researchers to validate simulation results and gain deeper insights into evolutionary processes.

Performance Considerations

While SLiM offers powerful forward simulations with extensive customization, msprime is often preferred for its speed and memory efficiency when simulating ancestry and mutations. The choice between the two depends on the research goals:

  • For detailed evolutionary modeling with selection and recombination: Use SLiM.

  • For large-scale coalescent simulations with mutations: Use msprime.

  • For comparing different simulation models and their outputs: Use slendr to integrate SLiM and msprime results.

Conclusion

SLiM and msprime are valuable tools for genome simulation, each serving distinct but complementary purposes in population genetics research. By leveraging the strengths of both simulators with slendr, researchers can conduct robust and efficient evolutionary simulations, enhancing our understanding of genetic diversity and adaptation.

For more information, check out the official GitHub repositories for SLiM and msprime, and explore the slendr framework for streamlined simulation workflow

]]> BioStar https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/923/phylogenetic-for-bioinformatics Tue, 16 Jul 2013 03:50:30 -0500 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/923/phylogenetic-for-bioinformatics <![CDATA[Phylogenetic for Bioinformatics]]> Biologists estimate that there are about 5 to 100 million species of organisms living on Earth today. Evidence from morphological, biochemical, and gene sequence data suggests that all organisms on Earth are genetically related, and the genealogical relationships of living things can be represented by a vast evolutionary tree, the Tree of Life. The Tree of Life then represents the phylogeny of organisms, i. e., the history of organismal lineages as they change through time.
Every living organism contains DNA, RNA, and proteins. Closely related organisms generally have a high degree of agreement in the molecular structure of these substances, while the molecules of organisms distantly related usually show a pattern of dissimilarity. Molecular phylogeny uses such data to build a "relationship tree" that shows the probable evolution of various organisms. Not until recent decades, however, has it been possible to isolate and identify these molecular structures. 
phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms (for example, species or populations), which is discovered through molecular sequencing data and morphological data matrices. In other word, Phylogenetics, the science of phylogeny, is one part of the larger field of systematics, which also includes taxonomy. Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying the diversity of organisms Molecular phylogeny is the use of the structure of molecules to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a so-called phylogenetic tree.

The evolutionary connections between organisms are represented graphically through phylogenetic trees. Due to the fact that evolution takes place over long periods of time that cannot be observed directly, biologists must reconstruct phylogenies by inferring the evolutionary relationships among present-day organisms. 
Application of the techniques that make this possible can be seen in the very limited field of human genetics, such as the ever more popular use of genetic testing to determine a child's paternity, as well as the emergence of a new branch of criminal forensics focused on genetic evidence.
The effect on traditional scientific classification schemes in the biological sciences has been dramatic as well. Work that was once immensely labor- and materials-intensive can now be done quickly and easily, leading to yet another source of information becoming available for systematic and taxonomic appraisal. This particular kind of data has become so popular that taxonomical schemes based solely on molecular data may be encountered. Proponents even claim that taxonomy was previously based on morphology alone, which of course is utter fable.

For additional information on phylogenetics, see list of Phylogenetics Resources on the Internet.

Phylogeny and Reconstructing Phylogenetic Trees: http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/Phyltree/cover.html
the CBRG and Department of Statistics Phylogeny tutorial: http://www.compbio.ox.ac.uk/tutorials/phylogeny/
TUTORIAL: PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS USING PARSIMONY:http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~psgendb/GDE/phylogeny/parsimony/phylip.parsimony.html

PHYLIP: http://www.umanitoba.ca/afs/plant_science/psgendb/doc/Phylip/main.html
An Introduction to Molecular Phylogeny: http://bibiserv.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/gcb04/tutorials/hoef-emden/GCB04Tut.pdf

How to make a phylogenetic tree: http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/sequence/TUTORIALS/TREE_TUTORIAL/Treetutorial.html
Phylogenetic Trees: http://cnx.org/content/m11052/latest/
Phylogeny by Ron Shamir: http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~rshamir/algmb/01/scribe08/lec08.pdf
Introduction to Phylogeny: http://www.utm.edu/departments/cens/biology/rirwin/391/391Phylog.htm
Lecturer notes on Phylogeny: http://www.sbc.su.se/~bens/course_material/phylocourse1/lecture2.pdf
Principles and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics:http://www.faculty.biol.ttu.edu/Strauss/Phylogenetics/LectureNotes.htm

Inferring phylogenetic trees: http://www.cis.hut.fi/Opinnot/T-61.6070/slides2008/pres_6070.pdf

Lecture Notes

Chapter 1 - The Diversity, Classification, and Evolution of Vertebrates:http://academic.emporia.edu/mooredwi/nathist/chap1.htm

Algorithms for Phylogenetic Reconstructions:http://lectures.molgen.mpg.de/Algorithmische_Bioinformatik_WS0405/phylogeny_script.pdf

Phylogeny.fr is a free, simple to use web service dedicated to reconstructing and analysing phylogenetic relationships between molecular sequences. Phylogeny.fr runs and connects various bioinformatics programs to reconstruct a robust phylogenetic tree from a set of sequences. For more detail : http://www.phylogeny.fr/version2_cgi/index.cgi

A Brief Tutorial on Phylogenetics
http://bioss.ac.uk/~dirk/talks/tutorial_phylogenetics.pdf

A Brief Tutorial on Phylogenetics Human Rabbit Chicken
http://bioss.ac.uk/~dirk/talks/psnup_tutorial_phylogenetics.pdf

Phylogenetic Tree Computation Tutorial Overview
http://pga.lbl.gov/Workshop/April2002/lectures/Olken.pdf

MrBayes: A program for the Bayesian inference of phylogeny
http://golab.unl.edu/teaching/SBseminar/manual.pdf

Web sites providing software for the construction of phylogenetic trees

  • TNT-Tree Analysis Using New Technology
  • Tree View-Taxonomy and Systematics Group at Glasgow
]]> Jitendra Narayan https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/3013/python-and-biopython-tutorial Fri, 23 Aug 2013 06:47:40 -0500 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/3013/python-and-biopython-tutorial <![CDATA[Python and BioPython Tutorial]]> A quickstart tutorial that allows to become familiar with the Python language. The exercises expect knowledge of basic concepts of programming. A group of 2nd year computer science students with no previous Python knowledge required 60'-90' to complete the exercises. With about 3 hours time, the exercise is suitable for non-programmers as well.

Address of the bookmark: http://www.biotnet.org/training-materials/python-programmers

]]> Manshi Raghubanshi https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/4037/perl-and-bioperl-tutorials Wed, 28 Aug 2013 05:51:38 -0500 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/4037/perl-and-bioperl-tutorials <![CDATA[Perl and BioPerl Tutorials]]> This bookmark is created to store the useful Perl and BioPerl tutorial links at one place. Feel free to share and add more useful tutorial links here .... 

 

Address of the bookmark: http://cbb.sjtu.edu.cn/course/database/beginning.pdf

]]> Jitendra Narayan https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/12206/bioinformatics-algorithms-tutorials Tue, 24 Jun 2014 00:10:45 -0500 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/12206/bioinformatics-algorithms-tutorials <![CDATA[Bioinformatics algorithms tutorials]]> Useful bioinformatics tutorial, such as

De Bruijn Graphs for NGS Assembly
Algorithms for PacBio Reads
Software and Hardware Concepts for Bioinformatics
Finding us in Homolog.us (Search Algorithms)
NGS Genome and RNAseq Assembly - a Hands on Primer
Introduction to PERL, Python, R and C/C++ for Bioinformatics

Address of the bookmark: http://www.homolog.us/Tutorials/

]]> John Parker https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/21365/a-guide-for-complete-r-beginners Fri, 20 Feb 2015 23:36:46 -0600 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/21365/a-guide-for-complete-r-beginners <![CDATA[A guide for complete R beginners !]]> This tutorial is intended to introduce users quickly to the basics of R, focusing on a few common tasks that  biologists need to perform  some basic analysis:  load a table, plot some graphs, and perform some basic statistics. More extensive tutorials can be found on the project website and via bioconductor (not covered here).

R-language: http://www.r-project.org

BioConductor: http://www.bioconductor.org

Advantages of R

  • Free!
  • Powerful, many libraries have been created to perform application specific tasks. e.g. analysis of microarray experiments and Next-Gen sequencing (bioconductor: including Bioseq group).
  • Presentation quality graphics
    • Save as a png, pdf or svg
  • History
    • What you do can be saved for the next time you use R.
    • Ability to turn it into an automated script to perform again and again on different data

Disadvantages

Preparation

  • (Optional) Download and save the tutorial data set from
    • http://bioinformatics.knowledgeblog.org/wp-content/uploads/bioinf/kerr/data.tsv
    • Start R (type R on a Linux or Mac terminal, or find the starting link from PC)

Getting More Help

  • Project Home page
    • http://www.r-project.org/
    • Check out the ‘introduction to R’, which is a much more in depth guide .
    • Also R has a built-in help system (see later)

Working directory

This is the directory used to store your data and results. It is useful if it is also the directory where your input data is stored.

  • Mac/Linux: this is the directory where you typed in R
  • PC: Change using the change working directory option
]]> Archana Malhotra