2.Mapmygenome™
Royal Demeure,HUDA Techno Enclave,
Plot No. 12/2, Sector-1 500 081 
Madhapur,Hyderabad
AP, India

3. DNA Labs India

http://www.dnalabsindia.com/lab.php

4.MedGenome Labs Pvt Ltd
(Division of SciGenom Labs Pvt Ltd.)
Plot no: 43A,SDF, 3rd floor
A Block,CSEZ, Kakanad, Cochin
Kerala - 682037 
Phone: 0484 - 2413399
Fax: 0484 - 2413398
Email: info@medgenome.com

5.Narayana Nethralaya

Narayana Hrudayalaya Campus
Narayana Health City
# 258/A, Bommasandra, Hosur Road, 
Bangalore - 560 099 - INDIA.
TEL: +91-80-66660655-0658 
FAX: +91-80-66660650 
Mobile: 9902 821128 (Emergency Only)
e-mail: info@narayananethralaya.com

6.BioAxis DNA Research Centre Private Limited
13-51,Sri Lakshmi Nagar colony,
Besides Big Bazar, Near Kamineni Hospitals
GSI Post BandalGuda (L B Nagar) Hydeabad-500068
Andhra Pradesh (India).
Phone : +91-40-24034503/+91-9246338983

7.Gene Guiide

8th Floor, Embassy Towers, 7 Bungalows Rd, Versova, Andheri West, Mumbai-61 
 09167 117799 
 info@geneguiide.com 

See more at: http://www.geneguiide.com

8.INDIAN BIOSCIENCES
Regd. Office:
G-2 (Ground Floor Rear), Kailash Colony, New Delhi - 110048, India.
Phone: +91 (0)11 29236088, Email: info@inbdna.com.

9.SRL Limited

GP-26, MARUTI INDUSTRIAL ESTATE,

UDYOG VIHAR,SECTOR-18,

GURGAON - 122015

Tel: 0124-3001243 / 0124-3001209

SRL Limited
VASANT VIHAR, 8, PALAM MARG,
NEW DELHI - 110057
Tel: 011 - 4229 5333 

Website: http://www.srlworld.com
National Customer care number:
Call Toll Free : 1800-222-660/1800-102-8282 
E-mail id: customercare@srl.in

10.Tata Memorial Centre,

Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer

Kharghar, Navi Mumbai - 410 210, INDIA.

Tel: +91-22-2740 5000

Fax: +91-22-2740 5085

E-mail: mail@actrec.gov.in

To address the challenges of describing and estimating virodiversity, a team of investigators from Center for Infection and Immunity (CII) and EcoHealth Alliance began in jungles of Bangladesh - home to the flying fox.

Reference:

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/mammals-harbour-at-least-320000-new-viruses/articleshow/22253268.cms

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-23932400

The biggest and perhaps most fearsome of the world's big cats, the tiger, shares 95.6 percent of its DNA with humans' cute and furry companions, domestic cats.

The new research showed that big cats have genetic mutations that enabled them to be carnivores. The team also identified mutations that allow snow leopards to thrive at high altitudes.

Reference:

http://www.nbcnews.com/science/your-cat-ferocious-tigers-share-lot-95-6-percent-their-4B11182690

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Gene-mapping-of-tiger-completed/articleshow/22671681.cms

Paper:

http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html

More @ http://news.yale.edu/2013/10/17/researchers-rewrite-entire-genome-and-add-healthy-twist

News Reference: Yale news

Image Source: Sciencedaily.

The vital metaphase stage of cell division, when the sister chromatids migrated to the centre and lined up in a row, and pulled apart using attached microtubules in such a way that half the DNA ends up in each daughter cell. However, before the mitotic spindle‐mediated movement gets start and pulled DNA apart, the chromosomes are free to undergo recombination which involves the exchange of genetic material either between multiple chromosomes or between different regions of the same chromosome.

During recombination, the precise breakage of each strand, exchange between the strands, and sealing of the resulting recombined molecules happens. The “chromosomal breakpoints” refers to these places where they break. Mostly, this process occurs with a high degree of accuracy at high frequency in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. But occasionally this “break and sealing/ break and reattach” process goes wrong and the reattachment happens in the wrong place which usually create disaster (with few exceptions).These chromosome disaster or abnormalities involve the gain, loss or rearrangement of visible amounts of genetic material during cell division. These abnormalities are of two type, the first one is numerical abnormalities  where severe disorders are caused by the loss or gain of whole chromosomes, which affect the copy number of hundreds or even thousands of genes. The second are structural abnormalities which can be unbalanced or balanced. The former are similar to numerical abnormalities in that genetic material is either gained or lost. The natural defects in chromosome segregation are linked to cancer and several genetic diseases (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_genetic_disorders). Therefore, the enzymes involved in regulating cell division are still the attractive drug targets for many diseases.

Apart from certain chromosome abnormalities, these “crossing over” of segments of maternal and paternal chromosomes to form hybrid chromosomes have some evolutionary importance and considered as a driver of genetic variation. Moreover, the chromosome breakage in evolution is considered to be non-random in nature(http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.0020014). In addition the study of breakpoint regions and non-breakpoint (stable) regions of chromosomes indicates both the regions evolved in distinctly different ways ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675965/). These breakage may lead to genetic diseases or participate to chromosomal rearranmgnets and contributed in development of new species.

I will try to explain the genome hotspots/Evolutionary Breakpoint Regions(EBRs)/fragile regions/weak fragments/  in my next blog.

Software for recombination detection:

RAT http://cbr.jic.ac.uk/dicks/software/RAT/

Breakpointer https://github.com/ruping/Breakpointer

DRP http://web.cbio.uct.ac.za/~darren/rdp.html

RB-finder http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18707535

LDhat2.0 http://ldhat.sourceforge.net/LDhat2.0/instructions.shtml

Reference:

http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-recombination-514#

Image: Wikipedia , sciencelearn.org.nz

Recommended Articles:

http://www.friendshipcircle.org/blog/2012/05/22/13-chromosomal-disorders-youve-never-heard-of/

http://web.udl.es/usuaris/e4650869/docencia/segoncicle/genclin98/recursos_classe_%28pdf%29/revisionsPDF/chromosyndromes.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775595/table/T2/

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/chromosomal/

http://www.ncert.nic.in/html/learning_basket/biology/cc&cd.pdf

EAGER encompasses both state-of-the-art tools for each step as well as new complementary tools tailored for ancient DNA data within a single integrated solution in an easily accessible format.

https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-016-0918-z

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/apeltzer/EAGER-GUI

Address of the bookmark: https://chunlab.wordpress.com/tetra-nucleotide-analysis/

DNA:

Nucleotide Code: Base:

---------------- -----

A.................Adenine

C.................Cytosine

G.................Guanine

T (or U)..........Thymine (or Uracil)

R.................A or G

Y.................C or T

S.................G or C

W.................A or T

K.................G or T

M.................A or C

B.................C or G or T

D.................A or G or T

H.................A or C or T

V.................A or C or G

N.................any base . or -............gap

Protein:

Amino Acid Code: Three letter Code: Amino Acid:

---------------- ------------------ -----------

A.................Ala.................Alanine

B.................Asx.................Aspartic acid or Asparagine

C.................Cys.................Cysteine

D.................Asp.................Aspartic Acid

E.................Glu.................Glutamic Acid

F.................Phe.................Phenylalanine

G.................Gly.................Glycine

H.................His.................Histidine

I.................Ile.................Isoleucine

K.................Lys.................Lysine

L.................Leu.................Leucine

M.................Met.................Methionine

N.................Asn.................Asparagine

P.................Pro.................Proline

Q.................Gln.................Glutamine

R.................Arg.................Arginine

S.................Ser.................Serine

T.................Thr.................Threonine

V.................Val.................Valine

W.................Trp.................Tryptophan

X.................Xaa.................Any amino acid

Y.................Tyr.................Tyrosine

Z.................Glx.................Glutamine or Glutamic acid

It installs in any computer even if you don't have administrator rights!

Address of the bookmark: http://www.dnabaser.com/download/DNA-Counter/index.html

In this project, you will use single-molecule techniques to label mRNA and DNA in (live and fixed) Drosophila embryos and fixed embryonic bodies. You will also use super-resolution microscopy to visualize protein condensates. Co-localization dynamics reflecting DNA-protein bindings and DNA looping events will be detected, analyzed, and used to test computational models of gene transcription.

Qualification:
MSc degree (or equivalent) in Biology, Biophysics, or Bioengineering

Experience in one or more of these areas: (1) molecular cloning, (2) imaging, (3) image analysis (using Matlab/Python/Java), (4) microfluidics, and (5) computational modeling.

How to Apply?
Send (1) your CV, (2) summary of research experience, and (3) email addresses of at least 2 references to ezzat.el-sherif@fau.de. Title your email ‘Transcription PhD Position’.

salary Grade.: E13
Total Time: 3 Jahre
Start: 01.01.2020.
End: 31.3.2020.

Address:
Dr. El-Sherif, Ezzat
Department Biologie
Professur für Zoologie (Entwicklungsbiologie) (Prof. Dr. Klingler)
Telefon 09131/85-28068, Fax 09131/85-28040, E-Mail: ezzat.el-sherif@fau.de