1. Ensure the package lists are up-to-date: sudo apt-get update
2. Install prerequisite packages: sudo apt-get install build-essential git qtbase5-dev libqt5svg5-dev
3. Download the Bandage code from GitHub: git clone https://github.com/rrwick/Bandage.git
4. Open a terminal in the Bandage directory.
5. Set the environment variable to specify that you will be using Qt 5, not Qt 4: export QT_SELECT=5
6. Run qmake to generate a Makefile: qmake
7. Build the program: make
8. Bandage should now be an executable file.
9. Optionally, copy the program into /usr/local/bin: sudo make install. The Bandage build directory can then be deleted.

➜ Tools git:(master) ✗ sudo apt-get update
[sudo] password for urbe: 
Hit:1 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/atom/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [107 kB] 
Hit:3 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu xenial InRelease 
Hit:4 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease 
Get:5 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [109 kB]
Get:6 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [107 kB] 
Get:7 https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ InRelease [3.590 B] 
Hit:8 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial InRelease 
Ign:9 http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/sionescu/Debian ./ InRelease 
Hit:10 http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/sionescu/Debian ./ Release 
Get:11 http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk-xenial InRelease [6.372 B]
Get:12 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages [484 kB]
Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main i386 Packages [433 kB]
Get:14 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main Translation-en [209 kB]
Get:15 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [67,5 kB]
Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [68,0 kB] 
Get:17 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [107 kB]
Get:18 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [147 kB]
Get:19 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages [769 kB] 
Get:20 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main i386 Packages [710 kB] 
Get:21 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main Translation-en [319 kB]
Get:22 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [319 kB]
Get:24 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [228 kB] 
Get:25 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [246 kB]
Err:11 http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk-xenial InRelease 
The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 6A030B21BA07F4FB
Get:26 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [331 kB]
Get:27 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [5.964 B]
Get:28 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [3.328 B]
Get:29 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [5.088 B]
Fetched 4.779 kB in 2s (1.606 kB/s) 
Reading package lists... Done
W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk-xenial InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 6A030B21BA07F4FB
W: Failed to fetch http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/dists/cloud-sdk-xenial/InRelease The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 6A030B21BA07F4FB
W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
➜ Tools git:(master) ✗ sudo apt-get install build-essential git qtbase5-dev libqt5svg5-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree 
Reading state information... Done
build-essential is already the newest version (12.1ubuntu2).
git is already the newest version (1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.3).
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
bridge-utils containerd linux-headers-4.4.0-116 linux-headers-4.4.0-116-generic linux-headers-4.4.0-21 linux-headers-4.4.0-21-generic linux-image-4.4.0-116-generic linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic
linux-image-extra-4.4.0-116-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-generic linux-signed-image-4.4.0-116-generic runc ubuntu-fan
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
libdrm-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libgles2-mesa libgles2-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libmirclient-dev libmircommon-dev libmircookie-dev libmircookie2 libmircore-dev libprotobuf-dev libprotobuf9v5
libqt5concurrent5 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 libqt5gui5 libqt5network5 libqt5opengl5 libqt5opengl5-dev libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5svg5 libqt5test5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5xml5 libwayland-bin
libwayland-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-dri2-0-dev libxcb-dri3-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-present-dev libxcb-randr0 libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-render0-dev
libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-xkb1 libxdamage-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxkbcommon-x11-0 libxshmfence-dev libxxf86vm-dev mesa-common-dev qt5-qmake
qtbase5-dev-tools qttranslations5-l10n x11proto-damage-dev x11proto-dri2-dev x11proto-fixes-dev x11proto-gl-dev x11proto-xext-dev x11proto-xf86vidmode-dev
Suggested packages:
libqt5libqgtk2 qt5-image-formats-plugins qtwayland5 libxext-doc libmysqlclient-dev libpq-dev libsqlite3-dev unixodbc-dev
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libdrm-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libgles2-mesa libgles2-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libmirclient-dev libmircommon-dev libmircookie-dev libmircookie2 libmircore-dev libprotobuf-dev libprotobuf9v5
libqt5concurrent5 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 libqt5gui5 libqt5network5 libqt5opengl5 libqt5opengl5-dev libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5svg5 libqt5svg5-dev libqt5test5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5xml5
libwayland-bin libwayland-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-dri2-0-dev libxcb-dri3-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-present-dev libxcb-randr0 libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0
libxcb-render0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-xkb1 libxdamage-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxkbcommon-x11-0 libxshmfence-dev libxxf86vm-dev mesa-common-dev
qt5-qmake qtbase5-dev qtbase5-dev-tools qttranslations5-l10n x11proto-damage-dev x11proto-dri2-dev x11proto-fixes-dev x11proto-gl-dev x11proto-xext-dev x11proto-xf86vidmode-dev
0 upgraded, 64 newly installed, 0 to remove and 11 not upgraded.
Need to get 15,2 MB of archives.
After this operation, 78,5 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5core5a amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [1.817 kB]
Get:2 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5dbus5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [175 kB]
Get:3 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5network5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [540 kB]
Get:4 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-icccm4 amd64 0.4.1-1ubuntu1 [10,4 kB]
Get:5 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-image0 amd64 0.4.0-1build1 [12,3 kB]
Get:6 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-keysyms1 amd64 0.4.0-1 [8.406 B]
Get:7 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-randr0 amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [14,4 kB]
Get:8 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-render-util0 amd64 0.3.9-1 [9.638 B]
Get:9 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-xkb1 amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [29,2 kB]
Get:10 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxkbcommon-x11-0 amd64 0.5.0-1ubuntu2 [13,5 kB]
Get:11 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5gui5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [2.290 kB]
Get:12 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5widgets5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [2.252 kB]
Get:13 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libqt5svg5 amd64 5.5.1-2build1 [128 kB]
Get:14 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libqt5svg5-dev amd64 5.5.1-2build1 [9.724 B]
Get:15 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libdrm-dev amd64 2.4.83-1~16.04.1 [229 kB]
Get:16 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 x11proto-dri2-dev all 2.8-2 [12,6 kB]
Get:17 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 x11proto-gl-dev all 1.4.17-1 [17,9 kB]
Get:18 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 x11proto-xext-dev all 7.3.0-1 [212 kB]
Get:19 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxext-dev amd64 2:1.3.3-1 [82,1 kB]
Get:20 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 x11proto-xf86vidmode-dev all 2.3.1-2 [6.116 B]
Get:21 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxxf86vm-dev amd64 1:1.1.4-1 [13,3 kB]
Get:22 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 x11proto-fixes-dev all 1:5.0-2ubuntu2 [14,2 kB]
Get:23 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxfixes-dev amd64 1:5.0.1-2 [10,9 kB]
Get:24 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 x11proto-damage-dev all 1:1.2.1-2 [8.286 B]
Get:25 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxdamage-dev amd64 1:1.1.4-2 [5.028 B]
Get:26 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-glx0-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [26,9 kB]
Get:27 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-dri2-0-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [8.384 B]
Get:28 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-dri3-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [5.752 B]
Get:29 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-render0-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [15,3 kB]
Get:30 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-randr0-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [18,2 kB]
Get:31 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-shape0-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [6.900 B]
Get:32 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-xfixes0-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [11,2 kB]
Get:33 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-sync-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [10,1 kB]
Get:34 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-present-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [6.618 B]
Get:35 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxshmfence-dev amd64 1.2-1 [3.676 B]
Get:36 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libx11-xcb-dev amd64 2:1.6.3-1ubuntu2 [9.730 B]
Get:37 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libwayland-bin amd64 1.12.0-1~ubuntu16.04.3 [18,4 kB]
Get:38 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libwayland-dev amd64 1.12.0-1~ubuntu16.04.3 [92,4 kB]
Get:39 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libmircore-dev amd64 0.26.3+16.04.20170605-0ubuntu1.1 [23,7 kB]
Get:40 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libprotobuf9v5 amd64 2.6.1-1.3 [326 kB]
Get:41 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libprotobuf-dev amd64 2.6.1-1.3 [473 kB]
Get:42 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxkbcommon-dev amd64 0.5.0-1ubuntu2 [231 kB]
Get:43 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libmircommon-dev amd64 0.26.3+16.04.20170605-0ubuntu1.1 [14,9 kB]
Get:44 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libmircookie2 amd64 0.26.3+16.04.20170605-0ubuntu1.1 [22,5 kB]
Get:45 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libmircookie-dev amd64 0.26.3+16.04.20170605-0ubuntu1.1 [5.152 B]
Get:46 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libmirclient-dev amd64 0.26.3+16.04.20170605-0ubuntu1.1 [42,6 kB]
Get:47 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libegl1-mesa-dev amd64 17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1 [19,9 kB]
Get:48 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libgles2-mesa amd64 17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1 [13,4 kB]
Get:49 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libgles2-mesa-dev amd64 17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1 [40,2 kB]
Get:50 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mesa-common-dev amd64 17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1 [525 kB]
Get:51 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libgl1-mesa-dev amd64 17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1 [4.456 B]
Get:52 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libglu1-mesa-dev amd64 9.0.0-2.1 [202 kB]
Get:53 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5concurrent5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [24,3 kB]
Get:54 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5opengl5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [128 kB]
Get:55 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5printsupport5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [174 kB]
Get:56 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5sql5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [104 kB]
Get:57 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5test5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [84,5 kB]
Get:58 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5xml5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [91,8 kB]
Get:59 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 qt5-qmake amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [1.192 kB]
Get:60 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 qtbase5-dev-tools amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [1.056 kB]
Get:61 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 qtbase5-dev amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [931 kB]
Get:62 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5opengl5-dev amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [31,5 kB]
Get:63 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5sql5-sqlite amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [33,0 kB]
Get:64 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 qttranslations5-l10n all 5.5.1-2build1 [1.210 kB]
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➜ Tools git:(master) ✗ git clone https://github.com/rrwick/Bandage.git
Cloning into 'Bandage'...
remote: Counting objects: 7813, done.
remote: Total 7813 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 7813
Receiving objects: 100% (7813/7813), 27.43 MiB | 16.33 MiB/s, done.
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Checking connectivity... done.
➜ Tools git:(master) ✗ cd Bandage 
➜ Bandage git:(master) ls
Bandage.pro BandageTests.pro blast build_scripts command_line COPYING graph images ogdf program README.md tests ui
➜ Bandage git:(master) export QT_SELECT=5
➜ Bandage git:(master) qmake
➜ Bandage git:(master) ✗ make
/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/mainwindow.ui -o ui_mainwindow.h
/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/settingsdialog.ui -o ui_settingsdialog.h
/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/aboutdialog.ui -o ui_aboutdialog.h
/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/enteroneblastquerydialog.ui -o ui_enteroneblastquerydialog.h
/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/blastsearchdialog.ui -o ui_blastsearchdialog.h
/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/myprogressdialog.ui -o ui_myprogressdialog.h
/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/pathspecifydialog.ui -o ui_pathspecifydialog.h
/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/querypathsdialog.ui -o ui_querypathsdialog.h
/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/blasthitfiltersdialog.ui -o ui_blasthitfiltersdialog.h
/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/changenodenamedialog.ui -o ui_changenodenamedialog.h
/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/graphinfodialog.ui -o ui_graphinfodialog.h
/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/changenodedepthdialog.ui -o ui_changenodedepthdialog.h
g++ -c -pipe -O2 -std=gnu++0x -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -fPIC -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_SVG_LIB -DQT_WIDGETS_LIB -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I. -Iui -I/usr/include -I../../anaconda3/include/qt -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtSvg -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtWidgets -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtGui -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtCore -I. -I. -I../../anaconda3/mkspecs/linux-g++ -o main.o program/main.cpp
g++ -c -pipe -O2 -std=gnu++0x -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -fPIC -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_SVG_LIB -DQT_WIDGETS_LIB -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I. -Iui -I/usr/include -I../../anaconda3/include/qt -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtSvg -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtWidgets -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtGui -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtCore -I. -I. -I../../anaconda3/mkspecs/linux-g++ -o settings.o program/settings.cpp
....

...
g++ -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-rpath,/home/urbe/anaconda3/lib -o Bandage main.o settings.o globals.o graphlayoutworker.o debruijnnode.o debruijnedge.o graphicsitemnode.o graphicsitemedge.o mainwindow.o graphicsviewzoom.o settingsdialog.o mygraphicsview.o mygraphicsscene.o aboutdialog.o enteroneblastquerydialog.o blasthit.o blastqueries.o blastsearchdialog.o infotextwidget.o assemblygraph.o verticalscrollarea.o myprogressdialog.o nodewidthvisualaid.o verticallabel.o load.o image.o commoncommandlinefunctions.o mytablewidget.o buildblastdatabaseworker.o colourbutton.o blastquery.o runblastsearchworker.o blastsearch.o path.o pathspecifydialog.o graphlocation.o tablewidgetitemint.o tablewidgetitemdouble.o tablewidgetitemshown.o memory.o querypathspushbutton.o querypathsdialog.o blastquerypath.o blasthitfiltersdialog.o scinot.o changenodenamedialog.o querypathsequencecopybutton.o querypaths.o info.o reduce.o Graph.o GraphAttributes.o FMMMLayout.o geometry.o ClusterGraphAttributes.o FruchtermanReingold.o NMM.o GmlParser.o simple_graph_alg.o basic.o XmlParser.o String.o Hashing.o PoolMemoryAllocator.o GraphCopy.o CombinatorialEmbedding.o OgmlParser.o ClusterGraph.o Math.o EdgeAttributes.o NodeAttributes.o MAARPacking.o Multilevel.o numexcept.o Set.o Ogml.o DinoXmlParser.o DinoXmlScanner.o DinoTools.o DinoLineBuffer.o System.o QuadTreeNM.o QuadTreeNodeNM.o Constraint.o MultilevelGraph.o graphinfodialog.o tablewidgetitemname.o changenodedepthdialog.o qrc_images.o moc_graphlayoutworker.o moc_mainwindow.o moc_graphicsviewzoom.o moc_settingsdialog.o moc_mygraphicsview.o moc_mygraphicsscene.o moc_aboutdialog.o moc_enteroneblastquerydialog.o moc_blastquery.o moc_blastsearchdialog.o moc_infotextwidget.o moc_assemblygraph.o moc_verticalscrollarea.o moc_myprogressdialog.o moc_nodewidthvisualaid.o moc_verticallabel.o moc_mytablewidget.o moc_buildblastdatabaseworker.o moc_colourbutton.o moc_runblastsearchworker.o moc_pathspecifydialog.o moc_querypathspushbutton.o moc_querypathsdialog.o moc_blasthitfiltersdialog.o moc_changenodenamedialog.o moc_querypathsequencecopybutton.o moc_graphinfodialog.o moc_changenodedepthdialog.o -L/usr/lib -L/home/urbe/anaconda3/lib -lQt5Svg -lQt5Widgets -lQt5Gui -lQt5Core -lGL -lpthread 
➜ Bandage git:(master) ✗ ls 
aboutdialog.o DinoTools.o Makefile moc_infotextwidget.cpp moc_verticalscrollarea.o scinot.o
assemblygraph.o DinoXmlParser.o Math.o moc_infotextwidget.o MultilevelGraph.o Set.o
Bandage DinoXmlScanner.o memory.o moc_mainwindow.cpp Multilevel.o settingsdialog.o
Bandage.pro EdgeAttributes.o moc_aboutdialog.cpp moc_mainwindow.o mygraphicsscene.o settings.o
BandageTests.pro enteroneblastquerydialog.o moc_aboutdialog.o moc_mygraphicsscene.cpp mygraphicsview.o simple_graph_alg.o
basic.o FMMMLayout.o moc_assemblygraph.cpp moc_mygraphicsscene.o myprogressdialog.o String.o
blast FruchtermanReingold.o moc_assemblygraph.o moc_mygraphicsview.cpp mytablewidget.o System.o
blasthitfiltersdialog.o geometry.o moc_blasthitfiltersdialog.cpp moc_mygraphicsview.o NMM.o tablewidgetitemdouble.o
blasthit.o globals.o moc_blasthitfiltersdialog.o moc_myprogressdialog.cpp NodeAttributes.o tablewidgetitemint.o
blastqueries.o GmlParser.o moc_blastquery.cpp moc_myprogressdialog.o nodewidthvisualaid.o tablewidgetitemname.o
blastquery.o graph moc_blastquery.o moc_mytablewidget.cpp numexcept.o tablewidgetitemshown.o
blastquerypath.o GraphAttributes.o moc_blastsearchdialog.cpp moc_mytablewidget.o ogdf tests
blastsearchdialog.o GraphCopy.o moc_blastsearchdialog.o moc_nodewidthvisualaid.cpp Ogml.o ui
blastsearch.o graphicsitemedge.o moc_buildblastdatabaseworker.cpp moc_nodewidthvisualaid.o OgmlParser.o ui_aboutdialog.h
buildblastdatabaseworker.o graphicsitemnode.o moc_buildblastdatabaseworker.o moc_pathspecifydialog.cpp path.o ui_blasthitfiltersdialog.h
build_scripts graphicsviewzoom.o moc_changenodedepthdialog.cpp moc_pathspecifydialog.o pathspecifydialog.o ui_blastsearchdialog.h
changenodedepthdialog.o graphinfodialog.o moc_changenodedepthdialog.o moc_querypathsdialog.cpp PoolMemoryAllocator.o ui_changenodedepthdialog.h
changenodenamedialog.o graphlayoutworker.o moc_changenodenamedialog.cpp moc_querypathsdialog.o program ui_changenodenamedialog.h
ClusterGraphAttributes.o graphlocation.o moc_changenodenamedialog.o moc_querypathsequencecopybutton.cpp qrc_images.cpp ui_enteroneblastquerydialog.h
ClusterGraph.o Graph.o moc_colourbutton.cpp moc_querypathsequencecopybutton.o qrc_images.o ui_graphinfodialog.h
colourbutton.o Hashing.o moc_colourbutton.o moc_querypathspushbutton.cpp QuadTreeNM.o ui_mainwindow.h
CombinatorialEmbedding.o image.o moc_enteroneblastquerydialog.cpp moc_querypathspushbutton.o QuadTreeNodeNM.o ui_myprogressdialog.h
command_line images moc_enteroneblastquerydialog.o moc_runblastsearchworker.cpp querypathsdialog.o ui_pathspecifydialog.h
commoncommandlinefunctions.o info.o moc_graphicsviewzoom.cpp moc_runblastsearchworker.o querypathsequencecopybutton.o ui_querypathsdialog.h
Constraint.o infotextwidget.o moc_graphicsviewzoom.o moc_settingsdialog.cpp querypaths.o ui_settingsdialog.h
COPYING load.o moc_graphinfodialog.cpp moc_settingsdialog.o querypathspushbutton.o verticallabel.o
debruijnedge.o MAARPacking.o moc_graphinfodialog.o moc_verticallabel.cpp README.md verticalscrollarea.o
debruijnnode.o main.o moc_graphlayoutworker.cpp moc_verticallabel.o reduce.o XmlParser.o
DinoLineBuffer.o mainwindow.o moc_graphlayoutworker.o moc_verticalscrollarea.cpp runblastsearchworker.o
➜ Bandage git:(master) ✗ ./Bandage

What is de novo genome assembly?
The method of taking a large number of short DNA sequences and placing them back together to create a reflection of the original chromosomes from which the DNA originated relates to genome assembly. No previous knowledge of the source DNA sequence length, structure or composition is inferred by De novo genome assemblies. The DNA of the target organism is split up into millions of tiny parts and read on a sequencing computer in a genome sequencing experiment. Depending on the sequencing system used, these "reads" range from 20 to 1000 nucleotide base pairs (bp) in length. Usually, length reads of 36 - 150 bp are produced for Illumina style short read sequencing. These reads can be either “single ended” as described above or “paired end.”

Why genome assembly?
In basic research into why and how they live, as well as in applied topics, identifying the DNA sequence of an organism is useful. Awareness of a DNA sequence may be useful in virtually any biological research because of the relevance of DNA to living things. For example, it may be used in medicine to classify, diagnose and eventually improve genetic disorder therapies. Similarly, pathogens study can lead to treatments for infectious diseases.

Raw NGS data
Reads can be saved as a Fasta file as text or in a FastQ file with their attributes. FastQ is the most common read file format since this is what the Illumina sequencing pipeline creates. This will henceforth be the subject of our conversation.

In a nutshell the protocol:
Get the sequence file(s) read from the sequencing machine (s).
Look at the readings - have an idea of what you have and what the standard is like.
If required, raw data cleanup/quality trimming.
Choose an adequate parameter set for assembly.
Assemble the data into scaffolds/contigs.
Examine the assembly performance and determine the efficiency of the assembly.

Read Quality Control:
Check the qualiy with fastQC.
Script
https://bioinformaticsonline.com/snippets/view/42540/install-fastqc-using-conda

Quality trimming/cleanup of read files.
This function trims adapters, barcodes and other contaminants from the reads.
Script
https://bioinformaticsonline.com/snippets/view/42542/trimmomatic-command

Genome Assembly:
The object of this portion of the protocol is to explain the method of assembling the reads trimmed by quality into draft contigs.

spades.py -1 illumina_R1.fastq.gz -2 illumina_R2.fastq.gz --careful --cov-cutoff auto -o result_of_spades_assembly_all_illumina

A significant range of short-read assemblers are available. Everyone with strengths and disadvantages of their own.
Some of the assemblers available include:
Velvet
SOAP-denovo
MIRA
ALLPATHS

Next step is to assess the suitability and what to do with a draft package of contiguous details for the remainder of the study now. Few stuff you can note about the contigs you just created: They're the draft Contigs. Any mis-assemblies can occur.

Mis-assembly checking and assembly metric tools:
QUAST - Quality assessment tool for genome assembly http://bioinf.spbau.ru/quast
Mauve assembly metrics - http://code.google.com/p/ngopt/wiki/How_To_Score_Genome_Assemblies_with_Mauve
InGAP-SV - https://sites.google.com/site/nextgengenomics/ingap and http://ingap.sourceforge.net/
inGAP is also useful for finding structural variants between genomes from read mappings.

Genome finishing tools:
Semi-automated gap fillers:
Gap filler - http://www.baseclear.com/landingpages/basetools-a-wide-range-of-bioinformatics-solutions/gapfiller/

IMAGE (V2) - http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/image2/index.php?title=Main_Page

Genome visualisers and editors:
Artemis - http://www.sanger.ac.uk/resources/software/artemis/
IGV - http://www.broadinstitute.org/igv/

Automated and semi automated annotation tools:
Prokka - https://github.com/tseemann/prokka
RAST - http://www.nmpdr.org/FIG/wiki/view.cgi/FIG/RapidAnnotationServer
JCVI Annotation Service - http://www.jcvi.org/cms/research/projects/annotation-service/

Frequent command use for the analysis are at:

https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/38765/list-of-tools-frequently-used-while-genome-assembly
https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/42275/frequent-parameters-for-bioinformatics-tools

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/cschin/Peregrine

You might learn a lot about that house—the rooms, the doors, the furniture—but you would miss the bigger story: the streets, the neighborhoods, and all the ways the city changes from one place to another.

Something similar happens when scientists study bacterial genomes one at a time.

Over the past decade, researchers have collected thousands of bacterial genomes. These genomes contain an enormous amount of information about how bacteria survive, adapt, and evolve. But comparing thousands of individual genomes can quickly become a computational maze.

That is where PANORAMA enters the story.

Developed by Jérôme Arnoux and colleagues, PANORAMA is a computational tool designed to explore bacterial pangenomes—the complete collection of genetic possibilities found across a species or group of related organisms. Instead of looking at every genome as an isolated object, the approach represents their shared and variable genetic features as a graph.

Think of this graph as a giant subway map.

Some stations appear on almost every route. These represent genes that are highly conserved. Other stations appear only on certain routes, representing genes that some bacteria possess while others do not. By looking at the entire network, scientists can begin to see not just *what genes exist*, but how they are organized and how biological systems are distributed across populations.

The researchers put PANORAMA to the test using 941 genomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium important in human health. They used the tool to investigate biological systems, including bacterial defense mechanisms against viruses known as bacteriophages. They then expanded the analysis to more than 6,000 genomes from four Enterobacteriaceae species.

The result is more than a faster way to process data.

PANORAMA allows researchers to ask a bigger question: What can an entire microbial species do, genetically speaking?

By comparing pangenomes, the researchers could identify systems shared between species as well as distinctive features. They could also find recurring genomic locations where genetic material is inserted—clues that may reveal common evolutionary processes.

And this is perhaps the most exciting part of the story.

Every bacterial genome is like a page in a huge evolutionary book. Until recently, reading thousands of those pages together was difficult. PANORAMA provides a way to turn those pages into a map, allowing scientists to see patterns that might disappear when each genome is studied separately.

The study, published in PLOS Computational Biology in July 2026, presents PANORAMA as a foundation for large-scale comparative pangenomics. The software and accompanying analysis resources are openly available, giving other researchers the opportunity to explore microbial diversity themselves.

So the story is not really about one bacterium or one genome.

It is about changing the way we look at life.

Instead of asking, “What is inside this genome?”, scientists can increasingly ask, “What is the full genetic landscape of this species—and how did it become this way?”

And sometimes, when you stop looking at one house and finally see the whole city, the most interesting discoveries are hiding in the streets between them.

Read more at https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013856

Again, running spades.py will show you the options:

spades.py

This produces:

SPAdes genome assembler v3.10.1

Usage: /usr/local/SPAdes-3.10.1-Linux/bin/spades.py [options] -o <output_dir>

Basic options:
-o      <output_dir>    directory to store all the resulting files (required)
--sc                    this flag is required for MDA (single-cell) data
--meta                  this flag is required for metagenomic sample data
--rna                   this flag is required for RNA-Seq data
--plasmid               runs plasmidSPAdes pipeline for plasmid detection
--iontorrent            this flag is required for IonTorrent data
--test                  runs SPAdes on toy dataset
-h/--help               prints this usage message
-v/--version            prints version

Input data:
--12    <filename>      file with interlaced forward and reverse paired-end reads
-1      <filename>      file with forward paired-end reads
-2      <filename>      file with reverse paired-end reads
-s      <filename>      file with unpaired reads
--pe<#>-12      <filename>      file with interlaced reads for paired-end library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--pe<#>-1       <filename>      file with forward reads for paired-end library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--pe<#>-2       <filename>      file with reverse reads for paired-end library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--pe<#>-s       <filename>      file with unpaired reads for paired-end library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--pe<#>-<or>    orientation of reads for paired-end library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9; <or> = fr, rf, ff)
--s<#>          <filename>      file with unpaired reads for single reads library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--mp<#>-12      <filename>      file with interlaced reads for mate-pair library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--mp<#>-1       <filename>      file with forward reads for mate-pair library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--mp<#>-2       <filename>      file with reverse reads for mate-pair library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--mp<#>-s       <filename>      file with unpaired reads for mate-pair library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--mp<#>-<or>    orientation of reads for mate-pair library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9; <or> = fr, rf, ff)
--hqmp<#>-12    <filename>      file with interlaced reads for high-quality mate-pair library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--hqmp<#>-1     <filename>      file with forward reads for high-quality mate-pair library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--hqmp<#>-2     <filename>      file with reverse reads for high-quality mate-pair library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--hqmp<#>-s     <filename>      file with unpaired reads for high-quality mate-pair library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--hqmp<#>-<or>  orientation of reads for high-quality mate-pair library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9; <or> = fr, rf, ff)
--nxmate<#>-1   <filename>      file with forward reads for Lucigen NxMate library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--nxmate<#>-2   <filename>      file with reverse reads for Lucigen NxMate library number <#> (<#> = 1,2,..,9)
--sanger        <filename>      file with Sanger reads
--pacbio        <filename>      file with PacBio reads
--nanopore      <filename>      file with Nanopore reads
--tslr  <filename>      file with TSLR-contigs
--trusted-contigs       <filename>      file with trusted contigs
--untrusted-contigs     <filename>      file with untrusted contigs

Pipeline options:
--only-error-correction runs only read error correction (without assembling)
--only-assembler        runs only assembling (without read error correction)
--careful               tries to reduce number of mismatches and short indels
--continue              continue run from the last available check-point
--restart-from  <cp>    restart run with updated options and from the specified check-point ('ec', 'as', 'k<int>', 'mc')
--disable-gzip-output   forces error correction not to compress the corrected reads
--disable-rr            disables repeat resolution stage of assembling

Advanced options:
--dataset       <filename>      file with dataset description in YAML format
-t/--threads    <int>           number of threads
                                [default: 16]
-m/--memory     <int>           RAM limit for SPAdes in Gb (terminates if exceeded)
                                [default: 250]
--tmp-dir       <dirname>       directory for temporary files
                                [default: <output_dir>/tmp]
-k              <int,int,...>   comma-separated list of k-mer sizes (must be odd and
                                less than 128) [default: 'auto']
--cov-cutoff    <float>         coverage cutoff value (a positive float number, or 'auto', or 'off') [default: 'off']
--phred-offset  <33 or 64>      PHRED quality offset in the input reads (33 or 64)
                                [default: auto-detect]

As you can see this is also a “pipeline” of tools that can be switched on or off. SPAdes takes quite a long time, so for the purposes of this practical, something like this may suffice:

spades.py -t 4 \
          -m 32 \
          -k 31,51,71 \
          --only-assembler \
          -1 miseq.1.fastq -2 miseq.2.fastq \
          --nanopore minion.fastq \
          -o hybrid_assembly

In turn, these parameters mean

• use 4 threads
• max memory is 32Gb
• use 3 kmer values to build the de bruijn graph(s) - 31, 51 and 71
• only run the assembler, not the correction algorithm (for speed)
• read 1 and read 2 of the MiSeq data
• the nanopore data
• put the output in folder “hybrid_assembly”

y a number of metrics, including:

• Overall assembly length
• Number of scaffolds/contigs
• Length of longest scaffold/contig
• Scaffold/contig N50 and N90Assembly base composition, in particular percentage GC and percentage Ns
• CEGMA completeness
• Scaffold/contig length/count distribution

assembly-stats supports two widely used presentations of these values, tabular and cumulative length plots, and introduces an additional circular plot that summarises most commonly used assembly metrics in a single visualisation. Each of these presentations is generated using javascript from a common (JSON) data structure, allowing toggling between alternative views, and each can be applied to a single or multiple assemblies to allow direct comparison of alternate assemblies.

Tabular presentation allows direct comparison of exact values between assemblies, the limitations of this approach lie in the necessary omission of distributions and the challenge of interpreting ratios of values that may vary by several orders of magnitude.

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/rjchallis/assembly-stats

Source code, executables and the testing dataset are freely available at https://github.com/mapleforest/HaploMerger2/releases/.

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/mapleforest/HaploMerger2/releases/