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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/35257?offset=450</link>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/20439/interactive-market-intelligence</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 19 Jan 2015 08:20:38 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/20439/interactive-market-intelligence</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Interactive Market Intelligence]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>BioInformatics LLC, a premier research and advisory firm serving the life science industry, has launched groundbreaking, dynamic-data presentation platform, Interactive Market Intelligence&mdash; the only cloud-based market research analytics tool for the life science tools industry.<br /><br />Superior to traditional PDF and PowerPoint reports, Interactive Market Intelligence allows end-users to filter, create and export literally thousands of views of data &mdash; all easily obtainable from a set of core metrics that include market, brand, customer and workflow analytics in well-defined segments of the life science market.<br /><br />The Market for Real-Time PCR is the first in a series of topics to be explored using the Interactive Market Intelligence platform. The primary research analysis is based on a survey of 900+ international scientists performing qPCR in their laboratories.<br /><br />Key data findings from "The Market for Real-Time PCR": Global market for qPCR in 2015 is estimated to be $3.6B; The average growth in qPCR throughput is expected to be at 9.8% in 2015; 22% of respondents are highly likely to switch primary suppliers of qPCR products; 50% of respondents use pre-designed primer/probe sets.</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Pranjali Yadav</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/21537/bioinformatics-project-fellow-at-institute-of-genomics-integrative-biology-new-delhi-delhi</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 11 Mar 2015 03:04:38 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Bioinformatics Project Fellow at Institute of Genomics &amp; Integrative Biology  - New Delhi, Delhi]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Pay Scale: Rs. 16,000/- + 30 % HRA per month<br />Educational Requirements: M.Sc. in Bioinformatics with at least 55% marks Qualifications: Knowledge of Perl, R and other programming language or Database management or knowledge of pipelines to analyze NGS data or experience in scientific writing and good communication skills </p>

<p>Details will be available at: http://www.igib.res.in/sites/default/files/26032015.pdf </p>

<p>No of Post: 01, 01 </p>

<p>How To Apply: 1. Please fill up the proforma 2. Candidate cannot apply for more than two posts. Last date of receiving application is 12-03-2015. No application would be entertained with “result awaited” status or after due date. List of shortlisted candidates will be put up on CSIR-IGIB website. No TA/DA will be paid to the candidates to attend the interview. The engagement shall be as per guidelines of CSIR/Funding agency. Candidates will have an option to give reply in Hindi. Note: The shortlisted candidates, have to report at 09:00 AM at Mall Road Campus, Delhi – 110007 on the day of interview along with any Photo ID card, (without photo ID card interview will not be conducted). 3 copies of updated signed C. V. (clearly mentioning Date of Birth and Hightest Qualification with percentage), Dissertation (if any), PhD thesis (if any) and original certificates/Self attested photocopies for verification. </p>

<p>General Instructions: Engagement is for the project and on behalf of the funding agency and the tenure shall be as mentioned above. The duration of the post is initially for One year or till the closing date of the project, whichever is earlier. Tenure may be extendable up to project duration. Contract may be terminated at any time by giving one-month notice by either side. The applicants will have no claim implicit or explicit for consideration against any CSIR/IGIB post. Candidates should note that non-fulfillment of the eligibility criterion will result in cancellation of candidature at any stage. </p>

<p>Last Date: 12-03-2015. <br />Age Limit: 28 Years</p>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/33617/list-of-universities-offering-bachelor-or-master-bioinformatics-degree-in-pakistan</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 21 Jun 2017 04:20:43 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/33617/list-of-universities-offering-bachelor-or-master-bioinformatics-degree-in-pakistan</link>
	<title><![CDATA[List of universities offering Bachelor or Master bioinformatics degree in Pakistan]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>There are a lot of universities offering Bachelor or Master degree in Pakistan. Following are the list of few intitute/universities</p><p>Bachelor/ BS Bioinformatics at<br />1. Al-khair University, Bhimber<br />2. Government College University, Faisalabad<br />3. University Of Agriculture, Faisalabad<br />4. Comsats Institute Of Information Technology [isb], Islamabad<br />5. International Islamic University, Islamabad<br />6. Quaid-e-azam University, Islamabad<br />7. Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak<br />8. Virtual University Of Pakistan, Lahore<br />9. Virtual University Of Pakistan, Lahore<br />10. Hazara University, Mansehra<br />11. Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar<br />12. Comsats Institute Of Information Technology, Sahiwal<br />13. Capital University Of Science And Technology, Islamabad<br />14. Foundation University, Islamabad<br />15. Baqai Medical University/hospital, Karachi<br />16. Institute Of Business And Technology(main Campus), Karachi<br />17. Sir Syed University Of Engineering &amp; Technology, Karachi<br />18. Forman Christian College, Lahore<br />19. Qarshi University (lhr), Lahore<br />20. The Superior University, Lahore<br />21. University Of Management And Technology, Lahore<br />22. Federal Institute Of Health Sciences, Lahore<br />23. Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar, Sub Campus, Swabi<br />24. Government Postgraduate College ( Mandian), Abbottabad<br />25. Federal Institute Of Health Sciences, Multan<br />26. Fedral Institute Of Health Sciences, Muzaffarabad<br />27. The Limit Institution Of Health Sciences, Sahiwal</p><p><br />Master/ MS Bioinformatics cources at<br />1. Government College University, Faisalabad<br />2. Comsats Institute Of Information Technology [isb], Islamabad<br />3. International Islamic University, Islamabad<br />4. National University Of Science &amp; Technology, Islamabad<br />5. Quaid-e-azam University, Islamabad<br />6. University Of Sindh, Jamshoro<br />7. Virtual University Of Pakistan, Lahore<br />8. Hazara University, Mansehra<br />9. Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar<br />10. Capital University Of Science And Technology, Islamabad<br />11. Cecos University Of Information Tech. &amp; Emerging Sciences, Peshawar</p><p>The real bioinformatics scope lies if there are research labs which work in this field. One has to take account of that. If so then try to get information of those labs and visit them to get a hang of the work they pursue.</p><p>There is a huge buzz of precision medicine in light of genomics all around the world. One should also try to see how genomics infrastructure is built up or standing in Pakistan. If research labs having collaboration with hospitals employ genomics then one must also visit such labs. This will bring new avenues in healthcare advances. Not only it opens up the wealth of knowledge one can make out of genomics study but will also advance the critical thinking of therapies.</p><p>So I would encourage to target research labs working in the fields and also get information of hospitals employing genomics, this will give you an overall understanding of the fields demand in your country.</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Reshma Khatun</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/23537/research-associate-bioinformatics-central-institute-for-research-on-buffaloes-cirb-hisar-haryana</guid>
  <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2015 10:19:45 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Research Associate Bioinformatics Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes (CIRB) - Hisar, Haryana]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Research Associate (RA) under Network Project on Agricultural Bioinformatics</p>

<p>Name of the Project : Network Project on Agricultural Bioinformatics Number of positions One<br />Qualifications : Ph.D Degree in Bioinformatics/Biotechnology/ Biochemistry/Genetics &amp; Breeding/Life Sciences OR Master’s Degree in relevant subject with at least 2 years research experience. Desirable : Working experience in Molecular Biology/Genomics/Bioinformatics, specifically, sequence data analysis using software’s proficiently</p>

<p>Emoluments : Masters Degree Holders Rs. 38,000/- per month Doctoral Degree Holders Rs. 40,000/- per month</p>

<p>Emoluments : Rs.25000/- per month for 1st and 2nd year and Rs. 28000/- per month for 3rd year<br />Age Limit : Upper age limit is 35 years for men and 40 years for women on the date of interview. Age relaxation for SC/ST and OBC candidates as per rules</p>

<p>More at http://www.cirb.res.in/attachments/195_walk-in-interview%20for%20contractual%20positions%20of%20RA%20and%20SRF%20%28On%20Dated%2011.8.2015%29.pdf</p>
]]></description>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/21242/summer-intern-research-bioinformatics</guid>
  <pubDate>Mon, 16 Feb 2015 12:26:32 -0600</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Summer Intern - Research Bioinformatics]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Be proficient in LINUX, know perl or python, understand biology and Next Generation Sequencing.<br />The intern will port Agile Assay Design pipelines into Galaxy.<br />The intern will also learn to develope his/her own bioinformatics pipelines for PCR or NGS data analysis.</p>

<p>Who you are<br />You’re someone who wants to influence your own development. You’re looking for a company where you have the opportunity to pursue your interests across functions and geographies. Where a job title is not considered the final definition of who you are, but the starting point.</p>

<p>Qualifications:<br />Major: Bioinformatcis or biology major who is interested and wants to learn Biocomputing, At least 2 years of college.<br />Basic knowledge of LINUX and programming, e.g., perl, python, XML.</p>

<p>More at http://www.roche.com/careers/jobs/jobsearch/job.htm?id=E-00437679&amp;locale=en&amp;title=Summer%20Intern%20-%20Research%20Bioinformatics</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/21444/a-guide-for-complete-r-beginners-installing-r-packages</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 24 Feb 2015 20:23:34 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/21444/a-guide-for-complete-r-beginners-installing-r-packages</link>
	<title><![CDATA[A guide for complete R beginners :- Installing R packages]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Part of the reason R has become so popular is the vast array of packages available at the <a href="http://cran.r-project.org/" target="_blank">cran</a> and <a href="http://www.bioconductor.org/" target="_blank">bioconductor</a> repositories. In the last few years, the number of packages has grown <a href="http://blog.revolutionanalytics.com/2010/09/what-can-other-languages-learn-from-r.html" target="_blank">exponentially</a>!</p><p>This is a short post giving steps on how to actually install R packages. Let&rsquo;s suppose you want to install the <a href="http://had.co.nz/ggplot2/" target="_blank">ggplot2</a> package. Well nothing could be easier. We just fire up an R shell and type:<br /><code><br />&gt; install.packages("ggplot2")</code></p><p>In theory the package should just install, however:</p><ul>
<li>if you are using Linux and don&rsquo;t have root access, this command won&rsquo;t work.</li>
<li>you will be asked to select your local mirror, i.e. which server should you use to download the package.</li>
</ul><h4>Installing packages without root access</h4><p>First, you need to designate a directory where you will store the downloaded packages. On my machine, I use the directory <code>/data/Rpackages/</code> After creating a package directory, to install a package we use the command:<br /><code><br />&gt; install.packages("ggplot2"</code><code>, lib="/data/Rpackages/")<br />&gt; library(ggplot2, lib.loc="/data/Rpackages/")<br /></code></p><p>It&rsquo;s a bit of a pain having to type <code>/data/Rpackages/</code> all the time. To avoid this burden,&nbsp; we create a file <code>.Renviron</code> in our home area, and add the line <code>R_LIBS=/data/Rpackages/</code> to it. This means that whenever you start R, the directory <code>/data/Rpackages/</code> is added to the list of places to look for R packages and so:</p><p><code>&gt; install.packages("ggplot2"</code><code>)<br />&gt; library(ggplot2)</code></p><p>just works!</p><h4>Setting the repository</h4><p>Every time you install a R package, you are asked which repository R should use. To set the repository and avoid having to specify this at every package install, simply:</p><ul>
<li>create a file <code>.Rprofile</code> in your home area.</li>
<li>Add the following piece of code to it:</li>
</ul><p><code><br />cat(".Rprofile: Setting UK repositoryn")<br />r = getOption("repos") # hard code the UK repo for CRAN<br />r["CRAN"] = "http://cran.uk.r-project.org"<br />options(repos = r)<br />rm(r)<br /></code></p><p>I found this tip in a stackoverflow <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1189759/expert-r-users-whats-in-your-rprofile/1189826#1189826" target="_blank">answer </a>.</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Archana Malhotra</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/33629/list-of-universities-offering-bachelor-master-or-phd-bioinformatics-degree-in-malaysia</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 22 Jun 2017 01:34:02 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/33629/list-of-universities-offering-bachelor-master-or-phd-bioinformatics-degree-in-malaysia</link>
	<title><![CDATA[List of universities offering Bachelor,  Master or PhD bioinformatics degree in Malaysia]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Bioinformatics is a newly emerging interdisciplinary research area, which may be defined as the ―interface between biological and computational sciences. Most of the Bioinformatics work that is done can be described as analyzing biological data, although a growing number of projects deal with the organization of biological information. The global Bioinformatics industry has grown at a double-digit growth rate in the past and is expected to follow the same pattern in the next four years. US remains the largest market in the world, but Asia-Pacific countries, particularly India and China, are witnessing the fastest growth and are anticipated to emerge as the dominating forces in future. The Comparison of Bioinformatics Industry between Malaysia, India and other countries&nbsp;are discussed in this&nbsp;<span>http://ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol.%202_No._10;_June_2011/11.pdf paper.</span></p><p>Bioinformatics is full of opportunities. The sector is poised to open new avenues for the other related sectors also. But the biggest opportunity area in the Bioinformatics market will be in the drug discovery sector. Reduction of both the cost and time taken to discover a new drug due to fast development in the Bioinformatics tools and software zone is also making drug discovery an attractive field to venture in. Malaysian bioinformatics growth and future are discuss in this https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2723929/ paper.&nbsp;Keeping all such inportance in mind, following universities in Malaysia offering bioinformatics cources:</p><p><strong>3 program(s) at AIMST University<strong>, Malaysia</strong></strong></p><p>Master of Science in Biotechnology (MSc) - Bioinformatics by Research</p><p>Master of Science (M.Sc) in Medical Microbiology (Bioinformatics) by Research</p><p>Doctor of Philosophy in Biotechnology (PhD) - Bioinformatics by Research</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>1 program(s) at INTI International University and Colleges<strong>, Malaysia</strong></strong></p><p>American Degree Transfer Program (Biosciences) in Bioinformatics</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>3 program(s) at Management and Science University (MSU)<strong>, Malaysia</strong></strong></p><p>Master in Bioinformatics (By Research)</p><p>PhD in Bioinformatics</p><p>Bachelor in Bioinformatics (Hons)</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>1 program(s) at Multimedia University (MMU)<strong>, Malaysia</strong></strong></p><p>Bachelor of Science (Honours) Bioinformatics</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>1 program(s) at Universiti Industri Selangor (UNISEL) Bestari Jaya Campus<strong>, Malaysia</strong></strong></p><p>Bachelor of Bioinformatics (Hons)</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>2 program(s) at Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)<strong>, Malaysia</strong></strong></p><p>PhD - Doctor of Philosophy in Bioinformatics (By Research)</p><p>MSc - Master of Science in Bioinformatics (By Research)</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>6 program(s) at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)<strong>, Malaysia</strong></strong></p><p>MSc - Master of Science in Bioinformatics by Research</p><p>Master of Science in Bioinformatics and System Biology by Research</p><p>Master of Science (M.Sc) in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (With Thesis)</p><p>PhD - Doctor of Philosophy in Bioinformatics by Research</p><p>PhD - Doctor of Philosophy in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology (With Thesis)</p><p>PhD - Doctor of Philosophy in Bioinformatics and System Biology by Research</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>1 program(s) at Universiti Selangor (UNISEL)<strong>, Malaysia</strong></strong></p><p>Bachelor of Bioinformatics (Hons)</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>3 program(s) at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)<strong>, Malaysia</strong></strong></p><p>M.Sc - Master of Science (Bioscience) in Bioinformatics Research Group (BIRG) By Research</p><p>PhD - Doctor of Philosophy (Bioscience) in Bioinformatics Research Group (BIRG) By Research</p><p>Bachelor of Computer Science (BioInformatics)</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>4 program(s) at University of Malaya (UM)<strong>, Malaysia</strong></strong></p><p>MSc - Master of Science in Bioinformatics by Research</p><p>Master in Bioinformatics by Coursework</p><p>PhD - Doctor of Philosophy in Bioinformatics by Research</p><p>Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Bioinformatics</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>3 program(s) at Perdana University<strong>, Malaysia</strong></strong></p><p>Master in Bioinformatics (By Research)</p><p>PhD in Bioinformatics</p><p>Bachelor in Bioinformatics (Hons)</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong>3 program(s) at&nbsp;Monash University, Malaysia</strong></p><p>Master in Bioinformatics (By Research)</p><p>PhD in Bioinformatics</p><p>Bachelor in Bioinformatics (Hons)</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><span>The real bioinformatics scope lies if there are research labs which work in this field. One has to take account of that. If so then try to get information of those labs and visit them to get a hang of the work they pursue. For detail Bioinformatics in Malaysia: Hope, Initiative, Effort, Reality, and Challenges are discussed in&nbsp;<span>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2723929/ paper.</span></span></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>sahabuddin</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/21685/uiar-short-term-trainingfinal-year-dissertation-project-in-life-sciencesbioinformaticsbiotech</guid>
  <pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2015 23:56:25 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[UIAR Short-Term Training/Final Year Dissertation Project in Life Sciences/Bioinformatics/Biotech]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Short-term training/Final year dissertation project</p>

<p>Candidates desirous of doing a short-term training / final year dissertation project for MSc (Life Sciences/Bioinformatics/Biotechnology or any science discipline) at UIAR Biophysics and Bioinformatics department may please drop an email atanju@iiar.res.in along with their resume.</p>

<p>Selected candidates will be further intimated. There will be a fees charged for doing the project at UIAR. The projects will be experimental or computational or involve both.</p>

<p>The training scope will be in the following areas but not limited to:</p>

<p>Bioinformatics analysis, Docking and Virtual screening, Molecular Dynamics simulation, Cloning, expression and purification of proteins, Biophysical and Biochemical characterisation of proteins, Crystallization and Structural Studies.</p>

<p>Advertisement: www.iiar.res.in/?q=node/450</p>
]]></description>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/21894/bioinformatics-engineer-algorithm-development</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2015 21:39:05 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Bioinformatics Engineer -- Algorithm Development]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Centrillion Biosciences is a venture backed life sciences company located in Palo Alto, California. The company provides high quality genomic services to academic and industrial customers including top universities and research institutes. Centrillion Biosciences has an immediate opening for a full-time Bioinformatics Engineer. We're looking for an energetic, innovative, and motivated person who works well independently and on teams. The ideal candidate will have experience designing and implementing efficient algorithms to process large datasets. The role will involve collaborating with research scientists and other engineers, so strong communication skills are a must.</p>

<p>Job Description</p>

<p>• Work within a fast-paced, collaborative environment with small project teams working on a variety of tasks ranging from new product development to DNA data processing<br />• Collaborate with Centrillion research scientists in order to bridge the gap between the laboratory and the digital world<br />• Develop tools to enable research projects to cope with the enormous amounts of data produced by modern DNA sequencing experiments<br />• Build simulation algorithms to help guide and analyze research done in the lab<br />• Solve challenging engineering problems that require the development of innovative algorithms</p>

<p>Requirements</p>

<p>• Strong background in mathematics/statistics with a degree in a related field<br />• Strong analytical, coding, communication, and organizational skills<br />• Experience with algorithm development, simulations, and data analysis<br />• Proficiency in at least one modern programming language (like Python or Perl)<br />• Experience analyzing genetic and biological data sets (e.g., DNA data analysis and image analysis)<br />• Experience with machine learning and pattern recognition is preferred</p>

<p>Please submit your resume at https://www.centrillionbio.com/career/ to apply for this position.</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/22133/r-320-is-released</guid>
	<pubDate>Sat, 18 Apr 2015 05:06:44 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/22133/r-320-is-released</link>
	<title><![CDATA[R 3.2.0 is released]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>R 3.2.0 (codename &ldquo;Full of Ingredients&rdquo;)&nbsp;was <a href="http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/R-3-2-0-is-released-td4705933.html" target="_blank">released yesterday</a>.&nbsp;You can get the latest binaries version <strong><a href="http://cran.rstudio.com/" target="_blank">from here</a>.</strong>&nbsp;(or the .tar.gz&nbsp;<strong>source</strong> code from <a href="http://cran.r-project.org/src/base/R-3/R-3.2.0.tar.gz" target="_blank">here</a>).&nbsp;The full list of new features and bug fixes is provided below.</p><h3>Upgrading to R 3.2.0 on Windows</h3><p>If you are using <strong>Windows&nbsp;</strong>you can easily upgrade to the latest version of R using <a href="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/installr/" target="_blank">the installr package</a>. Simply run the following code:</p><div><table>
<tbody>
<tr id="p612572">
<td id="p61257code2">
<pre><span style="color: #228b22;"># installing/loading the latest installr package:</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff; font-weight: bold;">install.<span>packages</span></span><span style="color: #080;">(</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">"installr"</span><span style="color: #080;">)</span><span style="color: #080;">;</span> <span style="color: #0000ff; font-weight: bold;">library</span><span style="color: #080;">(</span>installr<span style="color: #080;">)</span> <span style="color: #228b22;">#load / install+load installr</span>
&nbsp;
updateR<span style="color: #080;">(</span><span style="color: #080;">)</span> <span style="color: #228b22;"># updating R.</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>Running &ldquo;updateR()&rdquo; will detect if there is a new R version available, and if so it will download+install it (etc.).</span></p><p><span><strong>If you are an R blogger yourself</strong> you are invited to <a href="http://www.r-bloggers.com/add-your-blog/">add your own R content feed to this site</a> (<strong>Non-English</strong> R bloggers should add themselves- <a href="http://www.r-bloggers.com/lang/add-your-blog">here</a>)</span></p><h4>NEW FEATURES</h4><ul>
<li><code>anyNA()</code> gains a <code>recursive</code> argument.</li>
<li>When <code>x</code> is missing and <code>names</code> is not false (including the default value), <code>Sys.getenv(x, names)</code> returns an object of class <code>"Dlist"</code> and hence prints tidily.</li>
<li>(Windows.) <code>shell()</code> no longer consults the environment variable <span>SHELL</span>: too many systems have been encountered where it was set incorrectly (usually to a path where software was compiled, not where it was installed). <span>R_SHELL</span>, the preferred way to select a non-default shell, can be used instead.</li>
<li>Some unusual arguments to <code>embedFonts()</code> can now be specified as character vectors, and the defaults have been changed accordingly.</li>
<li>Functions in the <code>Summary</code> group duplicate less. (<a href="https://bugs.r-project.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=15798" target="_blank">PR#15798</a>)</li>
<li>(Unix-alikes.) <code>system(cmd, input = )</code> now uses &lsquo;shell-execution-environment&rsquo; redirection, which will be more natural if <code>cmd</code> is not a single command (but requires a POSIX-compliant shell). (Wish of <a href="https://bugs.r-project.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=15508" target="_blank">PR#15508</a>)</li>
<li><code>read.fwf()</code> and <code>read.DIF()</code> gain a <code>fileEncoding</code> argument, for convenience.</li>
<li>Graphics devices can add attributes to their description in <code>.Device</code> and <code>.Devices</code>. Several of those included with <strong>R</strong> use a <code>"filepath"</code> attribute.</li>
<li><code>pmatch()</code> uses hashing in more cases and so is faster at the expense of using more memory. (<a href="https://bugs.r-project.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=15697" target="_blank">PR#15697</a>)</li>
<li><code>pairs()</code> gains new arguments to select sets of variables to be plotted against each other.</li>
<li><code>file.info(, extra_cols = FALSE)</code> allows a minimal set of columns to be computed on Unix-alikes: on some systems without properly-configured caching this can be significantly faster with large file lists.</li>
<li>New function <code>dir.exists()</code> in package <span>base</span> to test efficiently whether one or more paths exist and are directories.</li>
<li><code>dput()</code> and friends gain new controls <span>hexNumeric</span> and <span>digits17</span> which output double and complex quantities as, respectively, binary fractions (exactly, see <code>sprintf("%a")</code>) and as decimals with up to 17 significant digits.</li>
<li><code>save()</code>, <code>saveRDS()</code> and <code>serialize()</code> now support <code>ascii = NA</code> which writes ASCII files using <code>sprintf("%a")</code> for double/complex quantities. This is read-compatible with <code>ascii = TRUE</code> but avoids binary-&gt;decimal-&gt;binary conversions with potential loss of precision. Unfortunately the Windows C runtime&rsquo;s lack of C99 compliance means that the format cannot be read correctly there in <strong>R</strong> before 3.1.2.</li>
<li>The default for <code>formatC(decimal.mark =)</code> has been changed to be <code>getOption("OutDec")</code>; this makes it more consistent with <code>format()</code> and suitable for use in print methods, e.g. those for classes <code>"density"</code>, <code>"ecdf"</code>, <code>"stepfun"</code> and <code>"summary.lm"</code>.
<p><code>getOption("OutDec")</code> is now consulted by the print method for class <code>"kmeans"</code>, by <code>cut()</code>, <code>dendrogram()</code>, <code>plot.ts()</code> and <code>quantile()</code> when constructing labels and for the report from<code>legend(trace = TRUE)</code>.</p>
<p>(In part, wish of <a href="https://bugs.r-project.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=15819" target="_blank">PR#15819</a>.)</p>
</li>
<li><code>printNum()</code> and hence <code>format()</code> and <code>formatC()</code> give a warning if <code>big.mark</code> and <code>decimal.mark</code> are set to the same value (period and comma are not uncommonly used for each, and this is a check that conventions have not got mixed).</li>
<li><code>merge()</code> can create a result which uses long vectors on 64-bit platforms.</li>
<li><code>dget()</code> gains a new argument <code>keep.source</code> which defaults to <code>FALSE</code> for speed (<code>dput()</code> and <code>dget()</code> are most often used for data objects where this can make <code>dget()</code> many times faster).</li>
<li>Packages may now use a file of common macro definitions in their help files, and may import definitions from other packages.</li>
<li>A number of macros have been added in the new &lsquo;<span>share/Rd</span>&rsquo; directory for use in package overview help pages, and <code>promptPackage()</code> now makes use of them.</li>
<li><code>tools::parse_Rd()</code> gains a new <code>permissive</code> argument which converts unrecognized macros into text. This is used by <code>utils:::format.bibentry</code> to allow LaTeX markup to be ignored.</li>
<li><code>options(OutDec =)</code> can now specify a multi-byte character, e.g., <code>options(OutDec = "u00b7")</code> in a UTF-8 locale.</li>
<li><code>is.recursive(x)</code> is no longer true when <code>x</code> is an external pointer, a weak reference or byte code; the first enables <code>all.equal(x, x)</code> when <code>x .</code></li>
<li><code>ls()</code> (aka <code>objects()</code>) and <code>as.list.environment()</code> gain a new argument <code>sorted</code>.</li>
<li>The <code>"source"</code> attribute (which has not been added to functions by <strong>R</strong> since before <strong>R</strong> version 2.14.0) is no longer treated as special.</li>
<li>Function <code>returnValue()</code> has been added to give <code>on.exit()</code> code access to a function&rsquo;s return value for debugging purposes.</li>
<li><code>crossprod(x, y)</code> allows more matrix coercions when <code>x</code> or <code>y</code> are vectors, now equalling <code>t(x) %*% y</code> in these cases (also reported by Radford Neal). Similarly, <code>tcrossprod(x,y)</code> and <code>%*%</code> work in more cases with vector arguments.</li>
<li>Utility function <code>dynGet()</code> useful for detecting cycles, aka infinite recursions.</li>
<li>The byte-code compiler and interpreter include new instructions that allow many scalar subsetting and assignment and scalar arithmetic operations to be handled more efficiently. This can result in significant performance improvements in scalar numerical code.</li>
<li><code>apply(m, 2, identity)</code> is now the same as the matrix <code>m</code> when it has <em>named</em> row names.</li>
<li>A new function <code>debuggingState()</code> has been added, allowing to temporarily turn off debugging.</li>
<li><code>example()</code> gets a new optional argument <code>run.donttest</code> and <code>tools::Rd2ex()</code> a corresponding <code>commentDonttest</code>, with a default such that <code>example(..)</code> in help examples will run <code>donttest</code> code only if used interactively (a change in behaviour).</li>
<li><code>rbind.data.frame()</code> gains an optional argument <code>make.row.names</code>, for potential speedup.</li>
<li>New function <code>extSoftVersion()</code> to report on the versions of third-party software in use in this session. Currently reports versions of <code>zlib</code>, <code>bzlib</code>, the <code>liblzma</code> from <code>xz</code>, PCRE, ICU, TRE and the <code>iconv</code> implementation.
<p>A similar function <code>grSoftVersion()</code> in package <span>grDevices</span> reports on third-party graphics software.</p>
<p>Function <code>tcltk::tclVersion()</code> reports the Tcl/Tk version.</p>
</li>
<li>Calling <code>callGeneric()</code> without arguments now works with primitive generics to some extent.</li>
<li><code>vapply(x, FUN, FUN.VALUE)</code> is more efficient notably for large <code>length(FUN.VALUE)</code>; as extension of <a href="https://bugs.r-project.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=16061" target="_blank">PR#16061</a>.</li>
<li><code>as.table()</code> now allows tables with one or more dimensions of length 0 (such as <code>as.table(integer())</code>).</li>
<li><code>names(x) now clears the names of call and <code>...</code> objects.</code></li>
<li><code>library()</code> will report a warning when an insufficient dependency version is masking a sufficient one later on the library search path.</li>
<li>A new <code>plot()</code> method for class <code>"raster"</code> has been added.</li>
<li>New <code>check_packages_in_dir_changes()</code> function in package <span>tools</span> for conveniently analyzing how changing sources impacts the check results of their reverse dependencies.</li>
<li>Speed-up from Peter Haverty for <code>ls()</code> and <code>methods:::.requirePackage()</code> speeding up package loading. (<a href="https://bugs.r-project.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=16133" target="_blank">PR#16133</a>)</li>
<li>New <code>get0()</code> function, combining <code>exists()</code> and <code>get()</code> in one call, for efficiency.</li>
<li><code>match.call()</code> gains an <code>envir</code> argument for specifying the environment from which to retrieve the <code>...</code> in the call, if any; this environment was wrong (or at least undesirable) when the<code>definition</code> argument was a function.</li>
<li><code>topenv()</code> has been made <code>.Internal()</code> for speedup, based on Peter Haverty&rsquo;s proposal in <a href="https://bugs.r-project.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=16140" target="_blank">PR#16140</a>.</li>
<li><code>getOption()</code> no longer calls <code>options()</code> in the main case.</li>
<li>Optional use of <code>libcurl</code> (version 7.28.0 from Oct 2012 or later) for Internet access:
<ul>
<li><code>capabilities("libcurl")</code> reports if this is available.</li>
<li><code>libcurlVersion()</code> reports the version in use, and other details of the <code>"libcurl"</code> build including which URL schemes it supports.</li>
<li><code>curlGetHeaders()</code> retrieves the headers for <code>http://</code>, <code>https://</code>, <code>ftp://</code> and <code>ftps://</code> URLs: analysis of these headers can provide insights into the &lsquo;existence&rsquo; of a URL (it might for example be permanently redirected) and is so used in <code>R CMD check --as-cran</code>.</li>
<li><code>download.file()</code> has a new optional method <code>"libcurl"</code> which will handle more URL schemes, follow redirections, and allows simultaneous downloads of multiple URLs.</li>
<li><code>url()</code> has a new method <code>"libcurl"</code> which handles more URL schemes and follows redirections. The default method is controlled by a new option <code>url.method</code>, which applies also to the opening of URLs <em>via</em> <code>file()</code> (which happens implicitly in functions such as <code>read.table</code>.)</li>
<li>When <code>file()</code> or <code>url()</code> is invoked with a <code>https://</code> or <code>ftps://</code> URL which the current method cannot handle, it switches to a suitable method if one is available.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>(Windows.) The DLLs &lsquo;<span>internet.dll</span>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<span>internet2.dll</span>&rsquo; have been merged. In this version it is safe to switch (repeatedly) between the internal and Windows internet functions within an <strong>R</strong>session.
<p>The Windows internet functions are still selected by flag <span>&ndash;internet2</span> or <code>setInternet2()</code>. This can be overridden for an <code>url()</code> connection <em>via</em> its new <code>method</code> argument.</p>
<p><code>download.file()</code> has new method <code>"wininet"</code>, selected as the default by <span>&ndash;internet2</span> or <code>setInternet2()</code>.</p>
</li>
<li><code>parent.env&lt;-</code> can no longer modify the parent of a locked namespace or namespace imports environment. Contributed by Karl Millar.</li>
<li>New function <code>isLoadedNamespace()</code> for readability and speed.</li>
<li><code>names(env)</code> now returns all the object names of an <code>environment</code> <code>env</code>, equivalently to <code>ls(env, all.names = TRUE, sorted = FALSE)</code> and also to the names of the corresponding list,<code>names(as.list(env, all.names = TRUE))</code>. Note that although <code>names()</code> returns a character vector, the names have no particular ordering.</li>
<li>The memory manager now grows the heap more aggressively. This reduces the number of garbage collections, in particular while data or code are loaded, at the expense of slightly increasing the memory footprint.</li>
<li>New function <code>trimws()</code> for removing leading/trailing whitespace.</li>
<li><code>cbind()</code> and <code>rbind()</code> now consider S4 inheritance during S3 dispatch and also obey <code>deparse.level</code>.</li>
<li><code>cbind()</code> and <code>rbind()</code> will delegate recursively to <code>methods::cbind2</code> (<code>methods::rbind2</code>) when at least one argument is an S4 object and S3 dispatch fails (due to ambiguity).</li>
<li>(Windows.) <code>download.file(quiet = FALSE)</code> now uses text rather than Windows progress bars in non-interactive use.</li>
<li>New function <code>hsearch_db()</code> in package <span>utils</span> for building and retrieving the help search database used by <code>help.search()</code>, along with functions for inspecting the concepts and keywords in the help search database.</li>
<li>New function <code>.getNamespaceInfo()</code>, a no-check version of <code>getNamespaceInfo()</code> mostly for internal speedups.</li>
<li>The help search system now takes <span>keyword</span> entries in Rd files which are not standard keywords (as given in &lsquo;<span>KEYWORDS</span>&rsquo; in the <strong>R</strong> documentation directory) as concepts. For standard keyword entries the corresponding descriptions are additionally taken as concepts.</li>
<li>New <code>lengths()</code> function for getting the lengths of all elements in a list.</li>
<li>New function <code>toTitleCase()</code> in package <span>tools</span>, tailored to package titles.</li>
<li>The matrix methods of <code>cbind()</code> and <code>rbind()</code> allow matrices as inputs which have <em>2^31</em> or more elements. (For <code>cbind()</code>, wish of <a href="https://bugs.r-project.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=16198" target="_blank">PR#16198</a>.)</li>
<li>The default method of <code>image()</code> has an explicit check for a numeric or logical matrix (which was always required).</li>
<li><code>URLencode()</code> will not by default encode further URLs which appear to be already encoded.</li>
<li><code>BIC(mod)</code> and <code>BIC(mod, mod2)</code> now give non-NA numbers for <code>arima()</code> fitted models, as <code>nobs(mod)</code> now gives the number of &ldquo;used&rdquo; observations for such models. This fixes <a href="https://bugs.r-project.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=16198" target="_blank">PR#16198</a>, quite differently than proposed there.</li>
<li>The <code>print()</code> methods for <code>"htest"</code>, <code>"pairwise.htest"</code> and <code>"power.htest"</code> objects now have a <code>digits</code> argument defaulting to (a function of) <code>getOption("digits")</code>, and influencing all printed numbers coherently. Unavoidably, this changes the display of such test results in some cases.</li>
<li>Code completion for namespaces now recognizes all loaded namespaces, rather than only the ones that are also attached.</li>
<li>The code completion mechanism can now be replaced by a user-specified completer function, for (temporary) situations where the usual code completion is inappropriate.</li>
<li><code>unzip()</code> will now warn if it is able to detect truncation when unpacking a file of 4GB or more (related to <a href="https://bugs.r-project.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=16243" target="_blank">PR#16243</a>).</li>
<li><code>methods()</code> reports S4 in addition to S3 methods; output is simplified when the <code>class</code> argument is used. <code>.S3methods()</code> and <code>methods::.S4methods()</code> report S3 and S4 methods separately.</li>
<li>Higher order functions such as the <code>apply</code> functions and <code>Reduce()</code> now force arguments to the functions they apply in order to eliminate undesirable interactions between lazy evaluation and variable capture in closures. This resolves <a href="https://bugs.r-project.org/bugzilla3/show_bug.cgi?id=16093" target="_blank">PR#16093</a>.</li>
</ul><p>More at http://cran.rstudio.com/</p><p>Reference: http://www.r-bloggers.com/r-3-2-0-is-released-using-the-installr-package-to-upgrade-in-windows-os/</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
</item>

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