mod_rewrite provides a flexible and powerful way to manipulate URLs using an unlimited number of rules. Each rule can have an unlimited number of attached rule conditions, to allow you to rewrite URL based on server variables, environment variables, HTTP headers, or time stamps.

mod_rewrite operates on the full URL path, including the path-info section. A rewrite rule can be invoked in httpd.conf or in .htaccess. The path generated by a rewrite rule can include a query string, or can lead to internal sub-processing, external request redirection, or internal proxy throughput.

Further details, discussion, and examples, are provided in the detailed mod_rewrite documentation.

• sudo a2enmod rewrite

• sudo systemctl restart apache2

• sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

Write this

<VirtualHost *:80>
    <Directory /var/www/html>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    . . .
</VirtualHost>

Address of the bookmark: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-rewrite-urls-with-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-ubuntu-18-04

Live online courses on statistics with R based on this book, led by the author, are offered regularly; see this page for more information and dates.

The past decades have transformed the world of statistical data analysis, with new methods, new types of data, and new computational tools. The aim of Modern Statistics with R is to introduce you to key parts of the modern statistical toolkit. It teaches you:

• Data wrangling - importing, formatting, reshaping, merging, and filtering data in R.
• Exploratory data analysis - using visualisations and multivariate techniques to explore datasets.
• Statistical inference - modern methods for testing hypotheses and computing confidence intervals.
• Predictive modelling - regression models and machine learning methods for prediction, classification, and forecasting.
• Simulation - using simulation techniques for sample size computations and evaluations of statistical methods.
• Ethics in statistics - ethical issues and good statistical practice.
• R programming - writing code that is fast, readable, and (hopefully!) free from bugs.

The book includes plenty of examples and more than 200 exercises with worked solutions. The datasets used for the examples and the exercises can be downloaded here.

Address of the bookmark: https://www.modernstatisticswithr.com/

Most people who have a balanced translocation have the right amount of chromosome material but it has been rearranged in some way. This may happen if two chromosomes swap pieces (a reciprocal translocation). In other cases two whole chromosomes may become stuck together (a Robertsonian translocation). This page describes what happens when someone has a reciprocal translocation.

Reciprocal chromosomal translocations occur following double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA when a section of one chromosome is exchanged with that of another, non-homologous chromosome. These exchanges may produce a dysfunctional fusion gene that disrupts cell growth and survival pathways, such as the translocations seen in leukemia and childhood sarcomas.

Chromosomal translocations have been well studied in cancer cell lines which are associated with two types of cancer, acute myeloid leukemia and Ewing's sarcoma, but determining how they contribute to cancer development is complicated by additional mutations and altered gene expression profiles in these cultured cells. Now, Juan Carlos Ramirez, head of the Viral Vector Facility at the Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) and his colleagues Raul Torres at CNIC and Sandra Rodriguez-Peralez at the Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO) in Madrid, Spain have used a new genome editing tool, CRISPR-Cas9, to induce chromosomal translocations for the first time in a human cell line and in primary cells. The study's authors conclude by stating that the use of this technology will allow for the clarification of how and why chromosomal translocation occurs, which without doubt will allow new anti-cancer therapeutic strategies to be tackled.

Using RNA-Guided Endonuclease (RGEN) technology or CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering technology, CNIO and CNIC researchers have shown that it is possible to obtain such chromosomal translocations. The CRISPR-Cas9 system is extremely simple to introduce a cut at the desired locus, easier to design, and cheaper than many other systems. Using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, Ramirez and his colleagues reproduced the translocations observed in Ewing’s Sarcoma (ES) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patient cell lines in HEK293 cells and also generated the ES translocation in human mesenchymal stem cells and the AML translocation in umbilical cord blood cells.

By focusing on chromosomal translocation without the confounding characteristics of established cell lines, these new cells lines should help answer the fundamental question of what causes a cell to become cancerous. Ramirez and his team now look forward to modeling other chromosome translocations in a variety of cell types.

Reference:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal_translocation

http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140603/ncomms4964/abs/ncomms4964.html

https://cov-lineages.org/resources/pangolin/tutorial.html

Address of the bookmark: https://cov-lineages.org/resources/pangolin/tutorial.html

Find more @ https://developers.google.com/edu/python/

python -V

at the terminal. For purposes of this example we'll assume you have 3.1 installed. You'll next need to execute the following commands:

sudo apt-get install python2.6 idle-python2.6
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.1 1
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2.6 10
sudo update-alternatives --config python

This last command will allow you to choose which version of python to use by default. If you have done everything above correctly, python2.6 should already be set as the default. If it is not, choose it to be the default. From now on, running python should start version 2.6.

sudo update-alternatives --remove-all python
sudo ln -s python3.1 /usr/bin/python

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/google/nucleus

Run pip install luigi to install the latest stable version from PyPI. Documentation for the latest release is hosted on readthedocs.

Run pip install luigi[toml] to install Luigi with TOML-based configs support.

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/spotify/luigi

• DNA-mapping*
• ChIP-seq*
• RNA-seq*
• ATAC-seq*
• scRNA-seq
• Hi-C
• Whole Genome Bisulfite Seq/WGBS

(*Also available in "allele-specific" mode)

snakePipes can be installed via conda :

'conda install -c mpi-ie -c bioconda -c conda-forge snakePipes'.

Source code (https://github.com/maxplanck-ie/snakepipes) and documentation (https://snakepipes.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) are available online.

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/maxplanck-ie/snakepipes

MitoHiFi was first developed to assemble the mitogenomes for a wide range of species in the Darwin Tree of Life Project (DToL)

https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-023-05385-y 

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/marcelauliano/MitoHiFi