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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/35805?offset=160</link>
	<atom:link href="https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/35805?offset=160" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/25815/jrf-bioinformatics-job-position-in-university-of-hyderabad</guid>
  <pubDate>Tue, 29 Dec 2015 01:00:18 -0600</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[JRF Bioinformatics job position in University of Hyderabad]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>JRF Bioinformatics</p>

<p>Eligibility : ME/M.Tech(Bio-Informatics/Bio-Chemistry Engg), MSc(Bio-Informatics)</p>

<p>Location : Hyderabad</p>

<p>Last Date : 30 Dec 2015</p>

<p>Hiring Process : Written-test<br />University of Hyderabad</p>

<p>JRF Bioinformatics job position in University of Hyderabad </p>

<p>Project Entitled : Programming protective humoral responses with novel vaccine formulations against Dengue Virus</p>

<p>Essential Qualifications : M. Sc. in Life Sciences/Bioinformatics/ or M. Tech in Bioinformatics with a minimum of 60% marks and with CSIR-UGC JRF/NET or valid GATE score are preferred. Desirable : Candidates should have six months to one year hands on experience in molecular biology techniques like gene cloning, protein expression and purification, hands on various nano-formulations for drug/vaccine delivery, immunological assays including animal handling, immunizations, T cells and B cell assays or Candidate should have strong background in Bioinformatics and computational Biology, good programming skill particularly proficiency in R/PERL/PYTHON. Candidates interested in above position should send a one page statement clearly explaining how their skills are relevant to the above said position. The candidates should also enclose detailed CV and the name/Email IDs of three references</p>

<p>Fellowship : Rs. 16,000 p.m. + 30% H.R.A. for the first two years (Revised DBT fellowship guidelines maybe applicable)</p>

<p>Duration : The appointment will be on temporary basis for a period of one year. Based on performance, the appointment could be extended till the end of project<br /> <br />How to apply</p>

<p>Submit your application (hardcopy) in a closed envelope to Dr.Nooruddin<br />Khan, Room S-66B,Department of Biotechnology and Bioinfromatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046 or E mail: nklabsls@gmail.com. Last date for receipt of applications is on or before 30.12.2015</p>

<p>More at http://uohyd.ac.in/index.php/component/content/article/87-administration/recruitments/129</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/26525/ensembl-comparative-genomics-resources</guid>
	<pubDate>Sun, 28 Feb 2016 17:10:20 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/26525/ensembl-comparative-genomics-resources</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Ensembl comparative genomics resources]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<div>
<p>The Ensembl comparative genomics resources are one such reference set that facilitates comprehensive and reproducible analysis of chordate genome data. Ensembl computes pairwise and multiple whole-genome alignments from which large-scale synteny, per-base conservation scores and constrained elements are obtained. Gene alignments are used to define Ensembl Protein Families, GeneTrees and homologies for both protein-coding and non-coding RNA genes. These resources are updated frequently and have a consistent informatics infrastructure and data presentation across all supported species. Specialized web-based visualizations are also available including synteny displays, collapsible gene tree plots, a gene family locator and different alignment views. The Ensembl comparative genomics infrastructure is extensively reused for the analysis of non-vertebrate species by other projects including Ensembl Genomes and Gramene and much of the information here is relevant to these projects. The consistency of the annotation across species and the focus on vertebrates makes Ensembl an ideal system to perform and support vertebrate comparative genomic analyses. We use robust software and pipelines to produce reference comparative data and make it freely available.</p>
<p><strong>Database URL:</strong> <a href="http://www.ensembl.org" target="pmc_ext">http://www.ensembl.org</a>.</p>
</div><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4761110/" rel="nofollow">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4761110/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jitendra Narayan</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/26432/summer-2016</guid>
  <pubDate>Sun, 21 Feb 2016 06:17:55 -0600</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Summer 2016]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>REU at Fordham University- Summer 2016</p>

<p>An NSF-funded REU to study Y-chromosome diversity and sex-biased dispersal in wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) is available in the Munshi-South Lab at Fordham University. Our lab is currently investigating rat evolution at scales ranging from landscape genetics of individual cities to global patterns of diversity. Development of resources for investigating Y-chromosome diversity will support many of these studies. The REU student will work with the lab to bioinformatically identify Y-chromosome SNPs, design SNPtype assays,<br />extract DNA, genotype samples, and analyze data.</p>

<p>We seek applicants interested in bioinformatics, evolutionary biology, and related disciplines.  Applicants must have taken a college-level genetics course.  This REU will require attention to detail, reliability, independence, and critical thinking.</p>

<p>This position is based at Fordham University's field station, the Louis Calder Center, in Armonk, NY. The Calder Center is located approximately 25 miles north of New York City in a protected woodland area. Housing<br />will be provided at the Calder Center for the duration of the REU (May 23 to Aug 12, 2016). Additionally, the student will receive a $6,000 stipend. The selected student will participate in professional development activities through the Calder Centers REU program, including presentation of results at a research colloquium at the end of the summer.</p>

<p>To apply, please send a one page personal statement about your scientific interests and how this REU will support your professional goals, unofficial transcripts including a list of Spring 2016 courses, and names of two professional references (including title, address, phone number, and email address) as a single pdf (with your last name in the file name) to Dr. Jason Munshi-South (jmunshisouth@fordham.edu).</p>

<p>Applications are due March 4th, 2016.</p>

<p>Jason Munshi-South</p>
]]></description>
</item>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/27463/bpipe-a-tool-for-running-and-managing-bioinformatics-pipelines</guid>
	<pubDate>Sat, 21 May 2016 22:42:16 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/27463/bpipe-a-tool-for-running-and-managing-bioinformatics-pipelines</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Bpipe - a tool for running and managing bioinformatics pipelines]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Bpipe provides a platform for running big bioinformatics jobs that consist of a series of processing stages - known as 'pipelines'.</p>
<ul>
<li>January 20th, 2016 - New! Bpipe 0.9.9 released!</li>
<li>Download <a href="http://download.bpipe.org/versions/bpipe-0.9.9.tar.gz">latest</a>, <a href="http://download.bpipe.org">all</a></li>
<li><a href="http://docs.bpipe.org">Documentation</a></li>
<li><a href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#%21forum/bpipe-discuss">Mailing List</a> (Google Group)</li>
</ul>
<p>Bpipe has been published in <a href="http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/04/11/bioinformatics.bts167.abstract">Bioinformatics</a>! If you use Bpipe, please cite:</p>
<p><em>Sadedin S, Pope B &amp; Oshlack A, Bpipe: A Tool for Running and Managing Bioinformatics Pipelines, Bioinformatics</em></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://docs.bpipe.org/" rel="nofollow">http://docs.bpipe.org/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Radha Agarkar</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/view/29601/statistics-using-r-with-biological-examples</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 03 Nov 2016 04:55:41 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/view/29601/statistics-using-r-with-biological-examples</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Statistics Using R   with Biological Examples]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>This book is a manifestation of my desire to teach researchers in biology a bit more about statistics than an ordinary introductory course covers and to introduce the utilization of R as a tool for analyzing their data. My goal is to reach those with little or no training in higher level statistics so that they can do more of their own data analysis, communicate more with statisticians, and appreciate the great potential statistics has to offer as a tool to answer biological questions. </p><p>This is necessary in light of the increasing use of higher level statistics in biomedical research. I hope it accomplishes this mission and encourage its free distribution and use as a course text or supplement.</p><p>K Seefeld, May 2007</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
	<enclosure url="https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/download/29601" length="4581031" type="application/pdf" />
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/32358/list-of-goi-approved-peer-reviewed-bioinformatics-and-computational-biology-journals</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 25 Apr 2017 05:03:27 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/32358/list-of-goi-approved-peer-reviewed-bioinformatics-and-computational-biology-journals</link>
	<title><![CDATA[List of GOI approved peer reviewed bioinformatics and computational biology journals]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Unfortunately, we now live in a world where the integrity of peer-reviewed journals is being threatened by the rise of the academic version of fake news &ndash; something many call &ldquo;predatory publishing". &nbsp;Mostly in academic publishing world, "predatory open access publishing" is an exploitative open-access publishing business model that involves charging publication fees to authors without providing the editorial and publishing services associated with legitimate journals (open access or not).</p><p>Nearly 20% of the such journals have a flashy impact factor and quick publication time, which are quick give-aways. Interestingly, under contact address, some journal websites do not even provide any address to contact. All of this has led to the emergence of a new and dark market of deceptive publishers that exploit the concept of open access and provide channels for &ldquo;scientific journal&rdquo; publication with little or no peer review. For a fee, they will publish almost anything &ndash; even if the study was fatally flawed. And these journals provide a forum that can be used as a channel to publish fraudulent &ldquo;advocacy research.&rdquo; You can find list of certain such publishers at "Beall's List" http://beallslist.weebly.com/</p><p>Keeping all these in mind, Government of India (GOI) decided to approved certain bioinformatics and computational biology journals for your research publication.<br /> <br />Following are the list of GOI validated and peer reviewed bioinformatics and computational biology journals:</p><p><strong>NOTE:Each journal details are in following order Tittle\nSource\nSubject. </strong><br /><strong>Point to remember: The list of journals are NOT sorted in any ascending or descending order.</strong></p><p><em>If I missed any other GOI validated bioinformatics journal, then please report me in comment section.</em></p><p><strong>Open Bioinformatics Journal</strong> <br />Scopus <br />Computer Science; Engineering; Medicine</p><p><strong>PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS</strong> <br />WoS <br />BIOLOGY &amp; BIOCHEMISTRY</p><p><strong>Advances and Applications in Bioinformatics and Chemistry</strong><br />Scopus<br />Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Chemistry; Computer Science</p><p><strong>Advances in Bioinformatics</strong><br />Scopus<br />Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Engineering</p><p><strong>Applied Bioinformatics</strong><br />Scopus<br />Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Computer Science</p><p><strong>BIOINFORMATICS</strong> <br />WoS &amp; Scopus <br />COMPUTER SCIENCE</p><p><strong>Bioinformatics and Biology Insights</strong> <br />Scopus<br />Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Mathematics</p><p><strong>BMC BIOINFORMATICS</strong> <br />WoS &amp; Scopus <br />COMPUTER SCIENCE</p><p><strong>BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS</strong> <br />WoS &amp; Scopus <br />COMPUTER SCIENCE</p><p><strong>Computational systems bioinformatics / Life Sciences Society. Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference</strong> <br />Scopus <br />Medicine</p><p><strong>Current Bioinformatics</strong> <br />WoS &amp; Scopus <br />COMPUTER SCIENCE</p><p><strong>Current Protocols in Bioinformatics</strong> <br />Scopus <br />Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology</p><p><strong>JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN BIOINFORMATICS</strong> <br />ICI <br />BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE</p><p><strong>Journal of integrative bioinformatics</strong> <br />Scopus <br />Medicine</p><p><strong>Journal of Proteomics and Bioinformatics</strong> <br />Scopus<br />Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; Computer Science</p><p><strong>Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics</strong> <br />Scopus <br />Engineering; Mathematics</p><p><strong>Trends in Bioinfprmatics</strong><br />Scopus <br />Computer Science</p><p><strong>Eurasip Journal on Bioinformatics and Systems Biology</strong> <br />Scopus<br />General; Computer Science; Mathematics; Medicine</p><p><strong>Evolutionary Bioinformatics</strong> <br />WoS &amp; Scopus <br />COMPUTER SCIENCE</p><p><strong>Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics</strong> <br />Scopus<br />Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology;Mathematics</p><p><strong>IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics</strong> <br />Scopus<br />Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology;Mathematics</p><p><strong>IEEE-ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics</strong> <br />WoS <br />COMPUTER SCIENCE</p><p><strong>International Journal of Bioinformatics Research and Application</strong><br />Scopus<br />Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; Medicine, Health</p><p><strong>International Journal o f Data M ining and Bioinformatics</strong> <br />WoS &amp; Scopus <br />COMPUTER SCIENCE</p><p><strong>IPSJ Transactions on Bioinformatics</strong> <br />Scopus <br />Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology;Computer Science</p><p><strong>Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology</strong> <br />WoS &amp; Scopus<br />COMPUTER SCIENCE</p><p><strong>Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics</strong> <br />Scopus <br />Medicine</p><p><strong>PLoS Computational Biology</strong> <br />WoS &amp; Scopus <br />BIOLOGY &amp; BIOCHEMISTRY</p><p><strong>Reviews in Computational Chemistry</strong> <br />WoS &amp; Scopus <br />CHEMISTRY</p><p><strong>RSC Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Series</strong><br />Scopus <br />Chemistry; Computer Science</p><p><strong>Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry</strong> <br />Scopus <br />Chemistry; Mathematics</p><p><strong>Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal</strong> <br />Scopus<br />Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; Computer Science</p><p><strong>Computational and Theoretical Chemistry</strong> <br />WoS &amp; Scopus <br />CHEMISTRY</p><p><strong>COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY</strong> <br />WoS &amp; Scopus<br />COMPUTER SCIENCE</p><p><strong>COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY</strong> <br />WoS <br />CHEMISTRY</p><p><strong>Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry</strong> <br />Scopus<br />Chemistry; Computer Science</p><p><strong>Theoretical and Computational Chemistry</strong> <br />Scopus <br />Chemistry</p><p><strong>Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science</strong> <br />Scopus<br />Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology;Chemistry; Computer Science; Materials Science; Mathematics</p><p><strong>Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews- Computational Molecular Science</strong> <br />WoS <br />CHEMISTRY</p><p><strong>Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences</strong><br />Scopus<br />Medicine</p><p><strong>Interdisciplinary Sciences-Computational Life Science</strong><br />WoS<br />Biology and Biochemistry</p><p><strong>International Journal of Computational Biology and Drug Design</strong><br />Scopus<br />Computer Science; Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/920/bioinformatics-algorithms</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 16 Jul 2013 03:35:15 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/920/bioinformatics-algorithms</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Bioinformatics Algorithms]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>An algorithm is a computable set of steps to achieve a desired result.</p><p>We use algorithms every day. For example, a recipe for baking a cake is an algorithm. Most programs, with the exception of some artificial intelligence applications, consist of algorithms. Inventing elegant algorithms -- algorithms that are simple and require the fewest steps possible -- is one of the principal challenges in programming. An algorithm is a description of a procedure which terminates with a result. In other words an algorithm is a set of instructions, sometimes called a procedure or a function, that is used to perform a certain task. This can be a simple process, such as adding two numbers together, or a complex function, such as adding effects to an image. For example, in order to sharpen a digital photo, the algorithm would need to process each pixel in the image and determine which ones to change and how much to change them in order to make the image look sharper.</p><p>In mathematics, computer science, and related subjects, an algorithm is an effective method for solving a problem using a finite sequence of instructions. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and many other fields.<br />Each algorithm is a list of well-defined instructions for completing a task. Starting from an initial state, the instructions describe a computation that proceeds through a well-defined series of successive states, eventually terminating in a final ending state. The transition from one state to the next is not necessarily deterministic; some algorithms, known as randomized algorithms, incorporate randomness.</p><p><strong>History</strong></p><p>The origin of the term comes from the ancients. The concept becomes more precise with the use of variables in mathematics. Algorithm in the sense of what is now used by computers appeared as soon as first mechanical engines were invented.<br />The word algorithm comes from the name of the 9th century Persian Muslim mathematician Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi. The word algorism originally referred only to the rules of performing arithmetic using Hindu-Arabic numerals but evolved via European Latin translation of Al-Khwarizmi's name into algorithm by the 18th century. The use of the word evolved to include all definite procedures for solving problems or performing tasks.<br />The algorithm of Archimedes gives an approximation of the Pi number.<br />Eratosthenes has defined an algorithim for retrieving prime numbers.<br />Averro&egrave;s (1126-1198) was using algorithmic methods for calculations.<br />Adelard de Bath (12 th) introduces the algorismus term, from Al-Khwarizmi.<br />During the 1800's up to the mid-1900's:<br /><br />- George Boole (1847) has invented the binary algebra, the basis of computers. Actually he has unified logic and calculation in a common symbolism.<br /><br />- Gottlob Frege (1879) formula language's, that is a lingua characterica, a language written with special symbols, "for pure thought", that is free from rhetorical embellishments... constructed from specific symbols that are manipulated according to definite rules.<br /><br />- Giuseppe Peano (1888) It's The principles of arithmetic, presented by a new method was the first attempt at an axiomatization of mathematics in a symbolic language.<br /><br />- Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell in their Principia Mathematica (1910-1913) has further simplified and amplified the work of Frege.<br /><br />- Kurt Go&euml;del (1931) cites the paradox of the liar that completely reduces rules of recursion to numbers.<br /><br />The concept of algorithm was formalized in 1936 through Alan Turing's Turing machines and Alonzo Church's lambda calculus, which in turn formed the foundation of computer science.<br />Stephen C. Kleene (1943) defined his now-famous thesis known as the "Church-Turing Thesis". In this context:<br /><br />" Algorithmic theories... In setting up a complete algorithmic theory, what we do is to describe a procedure, performable for each set of values of the independent variables, which procedure necessarily terminates and in such manner that from the outcome we can read a definite answer, "yes" or "no," to the question, "is the predicate value true?"</p><p><strong>Classification</strong></p><p><strong>Classification by purpose</strong></p><p>Each algorithm has a goal, for example, the purpose of the Quick Sort algorithm is to sort data in ascending or descending order. But the number of goals is infinite, and we have to group them by kind of purposes:</p><p><strong>Classification by implementation</strong></p><p>An algorithm may be implemeted according to different basical principles.</p><ul>
<li>Recursive or iterative</li>
</ul><p>A recursive algorithm is one that calls itself repeatedly until a certain condition matches. It is a method common to functional programming.&nbsp;<br />Iterative algorithms use repetitive constructs like loops.<br />Some problems are better suited for one implementation or the other. For example, the towers of hanoi problem is well understood in recursive implementation. Every recursive version has an iterative equivalent iterative, and vice versa.</p><ul>
<li>Logical or procedural</li>
</ul><p>An algorithm may be viewed as controlled logical deduction.&nbsp;<br />A logic component expresses the axioms which may be used in the computation and a control component determines the way in which deduction is applied to the axioms.&nbsp;<br />This is the basis of the logic programming. In pure logic programming languages the control component is fixed and algorithms are specified by supplying only the logic component.</p><ul>
<li>Serial or parallel</li>
</ul><p>Algorithms are usually discussed with the assumption that computers execute one instruction of an algorithm at a time. This is a serial algorithm, as opposed to parallel algorithms, which take advantage of computer architectures to process several instructions at once. They divide the problem into sub-problems and pass them to several processors. Iterative algorithms are generally parallelizable. Sorting algorithms can be parallelized efficiently.</p><ul>
<li>Deterministic or non-deterministic</li>
</ul><p>Deterministic algorithms solve the problem with a predefined process whereas non-deterministic algorithm must perform guesses of best solution at each step through the use of heuristics.<br /><br /><strong>Classification by design paradigm</strong></p><p>A design paradigm is a domain in research or class of problems that requires a dedicated kind of algorithm:</p><ul>
<li>Divide and conquer</li>
</ul><p>A divide and conquer algorithm repeatedly reduces an instance of a problem to one or more smaller instances of the same problem (usually recursively), until the instances are small enough to solve easily. One such example of divide and conquer is merge sorting. Sorting can be done on each segment of data after dividing data into segments and sorting of entire data can be obtained in conquer phase by merging them.<br />The binary search algorithm is an example of a variant of divide and conquer called decrease and conquer algorithm, that solves an identical subproblem and uses the solution of this subproblem to solve the bigger problem.</p><ul>
<li>Dynamic programming</li>
</ul><p>The shortest path in a weighted graph can be found by using the shortest path to the goal from all adjacent vertices.&nbsp;<br />When the optimal solution to a problem can be constructed from optimal solutions to subproblems, using dynamic programming avoids recomputing solutions that have already been computed.&nbsp;<br />- The main difference with the "divide and conquer" approach is, subproblems are independent in divide and conquer, where as the overlap of subproblems occur in dynamic programming.&nbsp;<br />- Dynamic programming and memoization go together. The difference with straightforward recursion is in caching or memoization of recursive calls. Where subproblems are independent, this is useless. By using memoization or maintaining a table of subproblems already solved, dynamic programming reduces the exponential nature of many problems to polynomial complexity.</p><ul>
<li>The greedy method</li>
</ul><p>A greedy algorithm is similar to a dynamic programming algorithm, but the difference is that solutions to the subproblems do not have to be known at each stage. Instead a "greedy" choice can be made of what looks the best solution for the moment.&nbsp;<br />The most popular greedy algorithm is finding the minimal spanning tree as given by Kruskal.</p><ul>
<li>Linear programming</li>
</ul><p>The problem is expressed as a set of linear inequalities and then an attempt is made to maximize or minimize the inputs. This can solve many problems such as the maximum flow for directed graphs, notably by using the simplex algorithm.&nbsp;<br />A complex variant of linear programming is called integer programming, where the solution space is restricted to all integers.</p><ul>
<li>Reduction also called transform and conquer</li>
</ul><p>Solve a problem by transforming it into another problem. A simple example: finding the median in an unsorted list is first translating this problem into sorting problem and finding the middle element in sorted list. The main goal of reduction is finding the simplest transformation possible.</p><ul>
<li>Using graphs</li>
</ul><p>Many problems, such as playing chess, can be modeled as problems on graphs. A graph exploration algorithms are used.&nbsp;<br />This category also includes the search algorithms and backtracking.<br /><br /><strong>The probabilistic and heuristic paradigm</strong></p><ul>
<li>Probabilistic</li>
</ul><p>Those that make some choices randomly.</p><ul>
<li>Genetic</li>
</ul><p>Attempt to find solutions to problems by mimicking biological evolutionary processes, with a cycle of random mutations yielding successive generations of "solutions". Thus, they emulate reproduction and "survival of the fittest".</p><ul>
<li>Heuristic</li>
</ul><p>Whose general purpose is not to find an optimal solution, but an approximate solution where the time or resources to find a perfect solution are not practical.</p><p><strong>Classification by complexity</strong></p><p>Some algorithms complete in linear time, and some complete in exponential amount of time, and some never complete.</p><p><strong>Algorithms resources on net.</strong></p><p><a href="http://www.cs.uga.edu/~cai/courses/compbio/2008fall/bookchapters/Chapter08/Ch08_GraphsDNAseq.pdf">Graph Algorithms in Bioinformatics</a></p><p><a href="http://zikuladevs.com/notes/Part%20II%20Revision/Bio_Alg_Descriptions[1].pdf">Bioinformatics Algorithms Description</a></p><p><a href="http://users.aims.ac.za/~marshall/BioinformaticsCourse.html">Bioinformatics Algorithms Course Page</a></p><p><a href="http://www.cybertory.org/downloads/bae/BioinformaticsAlgorithmsExcelDoc.pdf">Bioinformatics Algorithm Demonstrations</a></p><p><a href="http://www.cse.sc.edu/~maxal/csce590b/Lect01-02.pdf">Introduction to Bioinformatics Algorithms Lectures 1-2 by Dr. Max Alekseyev USC, 2009</a></p><p><a href="http://lectures.molgen.mpg.de/online_lectures.html">Online Lectures on Bioinformatics</a></p><p><a href="http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Training/Tutorials/science/bioinformatics-tutorial/bioinformatics.pdf.bak">Sequence Alignment Algorithms</a></p><p><a href="http://www.avatar.se/molbioinfo2001/seqali-dyn.html">Algorithm for sequence alignment: dynamic programming</a></p><p><a href="http://www.4tphi.net/~awalters/PI/pi.pdf">Network Protocol Analysis using Bioinformatics Algorithms</a></p><p><strong>Bioinformatics Algorithms Links</strong></p><p><strong>Dynamic Programming</strong></p><p>Particularly good sites...</p><p>&bull;<a href="http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~sahuguet/MSA/">http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~sahuguet/MSA/</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/bioinformatics/align.html">http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/bioinformatics/align.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.cs.monash.edu.au/~lloyd/tildeStrings/Notes/DPA.html">http://www.cs.monash.edu.au/~lloyd/tildeStrings/Notes/DPA.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.cs.orst.edu/~schut/cs325/dynamic.htm">http://www.cs.orst.edu/~schut/cs325/dynamic.htm</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.catalase.com/dprog.htm">http://www.catalase.com/dprog.htm</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://bioweb.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~bioph490/BIOPH2.html#SEQUENCE_COMP">http://bioweb.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~bioph490/BIOPH2.html#SEQUENCE_COMP</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.qucis.queensu.ca/home/cisc365/javascript/dp1/index.html">http://www.qucis.queensu.ca/home/cisc365/javascript/dp1/index.html</a><br />Other sites...<br />&bull;<a href="http://bioweb.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~bioph490/dynamic_programming_demo.html">http://bioweb.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~bioph490/dynamic_programming_demo.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.qucis.queensu.ca/home/cisc365/365overheads.html">http://www.qucis.queensu.ca/home/cisc365/365overheads.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.qucis.queensu.ca/home/cisc365/dp/dp.p01.html">http://www.qucis.queensu.ca/home/cisc365/dp/dp.p01.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/csc270/tut_dp.html">http://www.dgp.toronto.edu/csc270/tut_dp.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://queue.ieor.berkeley.edu/~jshu/knapsack/DP/dp.html">http://queue.ieor.berkeley.edu/~jshu/knapsack/DP/dp.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://mat.gsia.cmu.edu/classes/dynamic/dynamic.html">http://mat.gsia.cmu.edu/classes/dynamic/dynamic.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.cs.sandia.gov/~scistra/class_3">http://www.cs.sandia.gov/~scistra/class_3</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://levine.sscnet.ucla.edu/Econ101/dynamic.htm">http://levine.sscnet.ucla.edu/Econ101/dynamic.htm</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://mat.gsia.cmu.edu/classes/stoch_dynamic/stoch_dynamic.html">http://mat.gsia.cmu.edu/classes/stoch_dynamic/stoch_dynamic.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://mat.gsia.cmu.edu/classes/dynamic/node8.html">http://mat.gsia.cmu.edu/classes/dynamic/node8.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.maths.mu.oz.au/~moshe/dp/bibl/bibliography.html">http://www.maths.mu.oz.au/~moshe/dp/bibl/bibliography.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://cartan.gmd.de/PAPER/ismb95/ismb_html.html">http://cartan.gmd.de/PAPER/ismb95/ismb_html.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://screwdriver.bu.edu/bibliography/dynamic_programming.htm">http://screwdriver.bu.edu/bibliography/dynamic_programming.htm</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.norvig.com/design-patterns/">http://www.norvig.com/design-patterns/</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://tome.cbs.univ-montp1.fr/htmltxt/Doc/manual/node137.html">http://tome.cbs.univ-montp1.fr/htmltxt/Doc/manual/node137.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://poem.princeton.edu/~verdu/dynamic.html">http://poem.princeton.edu/~verdu/dynamic.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.orca1.com/opushelpweb/opusDynamic_Programming.html">http://www.orca1.com/opushelpweb/opusDynamic_Programming.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://screwdriver.bu.edu/cn760-lectures/l7/index.htm">http://screwdriver.bu.edu/cn760-lectures/l7/index.htm</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.ms.unimelb.edu.au/~moshe/dp/dp.html">http://www.ms.unimelb.edu.au/~moshe/dp/dp.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://mat.gsia.cmu.edu/ORCS/0255.html">http://mat.gsia.cmu.edu/ORCS/0255.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://aae.wisc.edu/e703/notes/a13dynpr.htm">http://aae.wisc.edu/e703/notes/a13dynpr.htm</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://bioweb.pasteur.fr/docs/modeller/node137.html">http://bioweb.pasteur.fr/docs/modeller/node137.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www2.uwindsor.ca/~lama/my470/ddynamic.htm">http://www2.uwindsor.ca/~lama/my470/ddynamic.htm</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://students.ceid.upatras.gr/~papagel/project/ex5_6_1.htm">http://students.ceid.upatras.gr/~papagel/project/ex5_6_1.htm</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~algorith/lectures-good/node12.html">http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~algorith/lectures-good/node12.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~algorith/lectures-good/node12.html">http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~algorith/lectures-good/node12.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.utdallas.edu/~scniu/documents/7315.htm">http://www.utdallas.edu/~scniu/documents/7315.htm</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.ii.uib.no/~pinar/seminar/larry.html">http://www.ii.uib.no/~pinar/seminar/larry.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.deakin.edu.au/~gecole/books.html">http://www.deakin.edu.au/~gecole/books.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.cseg.engr.uark.edu/~wessels/algs/notes/dynamic.html">http://www.cseg.engr.uark.edu/~wessels/algs/notes/dynamic.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~ped/teachadmin/algor/dyprog.html">http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~ped/teachadmin/algor/dyprog.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.eli.sdsu.edu/courses/fall96/cs660/notes/dynamicProg/dynamicProg.html">http://www.eli.sdsu.edu/courses/fall96/cs660/notes/dynamicProg/dynamicProg.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.cs.indiana.edu/l/www/ftp/techreports/TR514.html">http://www.cs.indiana.edu/l/www/ftp/techreports/TR514.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~mairson/poems/node3.html">http://www.cs.brandeis.edu/~mairson/poems/node3.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.cis.tu-graz.ac.at/igi/oaich/animations/Dynamic2.html">http://www.cis.tu-graz.ac.at/igi/oaich/animations/Dynamic2.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://bioweb.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~workshop/">http://bioweb.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~workshop/</a></p><p><br />Smith Waterman<br />&bull;<a href="http://genome-www.stanford.edu/Saccharomyces/help/sw_alignment.html">http://genome-www.stanford.edu/Saccharomyces/help/sw_alignment.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://genome-www.stanford.edu/Saccharomyces/help/sw_details.html">http://genome-www.stanford.edu/Saccharomyces/help/sw_details.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.stanford.edu/~sntaylor/bioc218/final.htm">http://www.stanford.edu/~sntaylor/bioc218/final.htm</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~lily/pres2/sld009.htm">http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~lily/pres2/sld009.htm</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://bioweb.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~workshop/Lab_3/Smith-Waterman.htm">http://bioweb.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~workshop/Lab_3/Smith-Waterman.htm</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.tigem.it/LOCAL/SW/threshold.html">http://www.tigem.it/LOCAL/SW/threshold.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://sgbcd.weizmann.ac.il/genweb/help/smith-waterman.html">http://sgbcd.weizmann.ac.il/genweb/help/smith-waterman.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://cbrg.ethz.ch/ServerBooklet/section2_3_5.html">http://cbrg.ethz.ch/ServerBooklet/section2_3_5.html</a><br />Needleman &amp; Wunsch<br />&bull;<a href="http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~lily/pres2/sld003.htm">http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~lily/pres2/sld003.htm</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://acer.gen.tcd.ie/~amclysag/nwswat.html">http://acer.gen.tcd.ie/~amclysag/nwswat.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.nada.kth.se/~erikw/thesis/chapter2_3.html">http://www.nada.kth.se/~erikw/thesis/chapter2_3.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.irbm.it/irbm-course95/gb/docs/amps/subsection3_6_1.html">http://www.irbm.it/irbm-course95/gb/docs/amps/subsection3_6_1.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.ibc.wustl.edu/~zuker/Bio-5495/align-html/node3.html">http://www.ibc.wustl.edu/~zuker/Bio-5495/align-html/node3.html</a></p><p><strong>General (NW vs. SW vs. HMM, etc.)</strong></p><p>&bull;<a href="http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~lily/pres2/">http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~lily/pres2/</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://acer.gen.tcd.ie/~amclysag/nwswat.html">http://acer.gen.tcd.ie/~amclysag/nwswat.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://laguerre.psc.edu/biomed/TUTORIALS/SEQUENCE/MULTIPLE/tutorial.html">http://laguerre.psc.edu/biomed/TUTORIALS/SEQUENCE/MULTIPLE/tutorial.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/compbio/">http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/compbio/</a></p><p><strong>Hmms</strong></p><p>&bull;<a href="http://www.medmicro.mds.qmw.ac.uk/HMMER/main.html">http://www.medmicro.mds.qmw.ac.uk/HMMER/main.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://alfredo.wustl.edu/ismb96/abs/p02.html">http://alfredo.wustl.edu/ismb96/abs/p02.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/compbio/html_format_papers/hughkrogh96/cabios.html">http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/compbio/html_format_papers/hughkrogh96/cabios.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://wwwsyseng.anu.edu.au/~jason/hmmlinks.html">http://wwwsyseng.anu.edu.au/~jason/hmmlinks.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.breadfan.com/markov.html">http://www.breadfan.com/markov.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/HLTsurvey/ch1node34.html">http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/HLTsurvey/ch1node34.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.ibc.wustl.edu/service/hmmalign/glocal.html">http://www.ibc.wustl.edu/service/hmmalign/glocal.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/compbio/html_format_papers/ismb94/node5.html">http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/compbio/html_format_papers/ismb94/node5.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.iscs.nus.edu.sg/~luakt/ic3222/lecture/nlp18new/index.htm">http://www.iscs.nus.edu.sg/~luakt/ic3222/lecture/nlp18new/index.htm</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/compbio/sam.html">http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/compbio/sam.html</a>&nbsp;SAM Software for HMMs</p><p><strong>Genetic Algorithms</strong><br /><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.staff.uiuc.edu/~carroll/ga.html">http://www.staff.uiuc.edu/~carroll/ga.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://kal-el.ugr.es/gags.html">http://kal-el.ugr.es/gags.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://kal-el.ugr.es/~jmerelo/GAJS.html">http://kal-el.ugr.es/~jmerelo/GAJS.html</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.genetic-programming.org/">http://www.genetic-programming.org/</a><br />&bull;<a href="http://www.iitk.ac.in/kangal/deb_tut.shtml">http://www.iitk.ac.in/kangal/deb_tut.shtml</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jitendra Narayan</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/1515/list-of-pharmacogenomics-companies-in-india</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 09 Aug 2013 13:26:56 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/1515/list-of-pharmacogenomics-companies-in-india</link>
	<title><![CDATA[List of pharmacogenomics companies in India]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>pharmacogenomics companies in India are making their good impacts. Here is the list of few pharmacogenomics companies. Please add more if not mentioned here.</p><p>Genomics in India <br /><a href="http://www.ganitlabs.in/">www.ganitlabs.in</a> <br /><a href="http://www.sandor.co.in/">www.sandor.co.in</a> <br /><a href="http://www.igib.res.in/">www.igib.res.in</a> <br /><a href="http://www.genotypic.co.in/">www.genotypic.co.in</a> <br /><a href="http://www.ocimumbio.com/">www.ocimumbio.com</a> <br /><a href="http://www.abcgenomics.com/">www.abcgenomics.com</a> <br /><a href="http://www.xcelrisgenomics.com/">www.xcelrisgenomics.com</a> <br /><a href="http://www.ayugen.com/">www.ayugen.com</a> <br /><a href="http://www.geneombiotech.com/">www.geneombiotech.com</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jitendra Narayan</dc:creator>
</item>

<item>
  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/researchlabs/view/2001/the-ontario-institute-for-cancer-research-oicr-genomics-lab-toronto-canada</guid>
  <pubDate>Mon, 12 Aug 2013 01:43:13 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[The Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR) Genomics Lab , Toronto, Canada.]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>The Human Genome Project led to the development of a wide array of technologies to screen the genome and its products (genes, proteins, metabolites) and molecules that interact with these products (chemicals, RNAi). The existence of these tools resulted in the creation of facilities that use robotics and informatics to generate high-throughput screens of DNA, RNA, protein, tissue, chemicals and other substances.</p>

<p>The genomics platform uses cancer genome sequencing and other high-throughput techniques to identify genes critical to the development of cancer and anomalies in the genomic profile of the tumours.</p>

<p>For more info visit : http://oicr.on.ca/</p>
]]></description>
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<item>
  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/researchlabs/view/6458/bigre-lab</guid>
  <pubDate>Sun, 17 Nov 2013 10:35:49 -0600</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[BIGRE Lab]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>The Laboratoire de Bioinformatique des Génomes et des Réseaux (Genome and Network Bioinformatics) is specialized in the conception, implementation, evaluation and application of bioinformatics approaches for the analysis of genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolism.<br />Our main activities include</p>

<p>Analysis of regulatory sequences (RSAT project)<br />Classification and analysis of mobile genetic elements (ACLAME project).<br />Analysis of molecular interaction networks (NeAT project)<br />Inference of metabolic pathways from genomic and post-genomic data <br />(metabolic pathfinding, see also metabolic pathfinding in NeAT)<br />Critical assesment of protein interactions (CAPRI)</p>

<p>Lab Page http://www.bigre.ulb.ac.be/</p>
]]></description>
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