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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/36384?offset=1250</link>
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	<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43911/slurm-commands</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 06 Jul 2022 07:40:07 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/43911/slurm-commands</link>
	<title><![CDATA[SLURM Commands]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<h3>SLURM commands</h3><p>The following table shows SLURM commands on the SOE cluster.</p><table border="1">
<thead>
<tr><th>Command</th><th>Description</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>sbatch</strong></td>
<td>Submit batch scripts to the cluster</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>scancel</strong></td>
<td>Signal jobs or job steps that are under the control of Slurm.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>sinfo</strong></td>
<td>View information about SLURM nodes and partitions.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>squeue</strong></td>
<td>View information about jobs located in the SLURM scheduling queue</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>smap</strong></td>
<td>Graphically view information about SLURM jobs, partitions, and set configurations parameters</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>sqlog</strong></td>
<td>View information about running and finished jobs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>sacct</strong></td>
<td>View resource accounting information for finished and running jobs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>sstat</strong></td>
<td>View resource accounting information for running jobs</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table><p><span>For more information, run&nbsp;</span><strong>man</strong><span>&nbsp;on the commands above. See some examples below.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>1. Info about the partitions and nodes</strong></span><span></span><br /><span>List all the partitions available to you and the nodes therein:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sinfo
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>Nodes in state&nbsp;</span><tt>idle</tt><span>&nbsp;can accept new jobs.</span><br /><br /><span>Show a partition configuratuin, for example,&nbsp;</span><tt>SOE_main</tt><span></span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>scontrol show partition=SOE_main
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>Show current info about a specific node:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>scontrol show node=&lt;nodename&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>You can also specify a group of nodes in the command above. For example, if your MPI job is running across soenode05,06,35,36, you can execute the command below to get the info on the nodes you are interested in:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>scontrol show node=soenode[05-06,35-36]
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>An informative parameter in the output to look at would be CPULoad. It allows you to see how your application utilizes the CPUs on the running nodes.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>2. Submit scripts</strong></span><span></span><br /><span>The header in a submit script specifies job name, partition (queue), time limit, memory allocation, number of nodes, number of cores, and files to collect standard output and error at run time, for example</span></p><div><table border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>#!/bin/bash

#SBATCH --job-name=OMP_run     # job name, "OMP_run"
#SBATCH --partition=SOE_main   # partition (queue)
#SBATCH -t 0-2:00              # time limit: (D-HH:MM) 
#SBATCH --mem=32000            # memory per node in MB 
#SBATCH --nodes=1              # number of nodes
#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=16   # number of cores
#SBATCH --output=slurm.out     # file to collect standard output
#SBATCH --error=slurm.err      # file to collect standard errors
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>If the time limit is not specified in the submit script, SLURM will assign the default run time, 3 days. This means the job will be terminated by SLURM in 72 hrs. The maximum allowed run time is two weeks,&nbsp;</span><tt>14-0:00</tt><span>.</span><br /><span>If the memory limit is not requested, SLURM will assign the default 16 GB. The maximum allowed memory per node is 128 GB. To see how much RAM per node your job is using, you can run commands&nbsp;</span><tt>sacct</tt><span>&nbsp;or&nbsp;</span><tt>sstat</tt><span>&nbsp;to query MaxRSS for the job on the node - see examples below.</span><br /><span>Depending on a type of application you need to run, the submit script may contain commands to create a temporary space on a computational node -&nbsp;</span><a href="http://ecs.rutgers.edu/file_systems.html">see the discussion about using the file systems on the cluster.</a><span></span><br /><span>Then it sets the environment specific to the application and starts the application on one or multiple nodes - see sbatch sample scripts in directory&nbsp;</span><tt>/usr/local/Samples</tt><span>&nbsp;on soemaster1.hpc.rutgers.edu.</span><br /><span>You can submit your job to the cluster with&nbsp;</span><tt>sbatch</tt><span>&nbsp;command:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sbatch myscript.sh
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>3. Query job information</strong></span><span></span><br /><span>List all currently submitted jobs in running and pending states for a user:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>squeue -u &lt;username&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>Command&nbsp;</span><tt>squeue</tt><span>&nbsp;can be run with format options to expose specific information, for example, when pending job #706 is scheduled to start running:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>squeue -j 706 --format="%S"
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><div><table border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>START_TIME
2015-04-30T09:54:32
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>More info can be shown by placing additional format options, for example:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>squeue -j 706 --format="%i %P %j %u %T %l %C %S"
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><div><table border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>JOBID PARTITION   NAME    USER STATE   TIMELIMIT  CPUS START_TIME
706   SOE_main  Par_job_3 mike PENDING 3-00:00:00 64   2015-04-30T09:54:32
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>To see when all the jobs, pending in the queue, are scheduled to start:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>squeue --start 
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><br /><span>List all running and completed jobs for a user</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sqlog -u &lt;username&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>or</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sqlog -j &lt;JobID&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>The following appreviations are used for the job states:</span></p><pre>       CA   CANCELLED      Job was cancelled.

       CD   COMPLETED      Job completed normally.

       CG   COMPLETING     Job is in the process of completing.

       F    FAILED         Job termined abnormally.

       NF   NODE_FAIL      Job terminated due to node failure.

       PD   PENDING        Job is pending allocation.

       R    RUNNING        Job currently has an allocation.

       S    SUSPENDED      Job is suspended.

       TO   TIMEOUT        Job terminated upon reaching its time limit.
</pre><p><span>You can specify the fields you would like to see in the output of&nbsp;</span><tt>sqlog</tt><span>:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sqlog --format=list
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>The command below, for example, provides Job ID, user name, exit state, start date-time, and end date-time for job #2831:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sqlog -j 2831 --format=jid,user,state,start,end
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>List status info for a currently running job:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sstat -j &lt;jobid&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>A formatted output can be used to gain only a specific info, for example, the maximum resident RAM usage on a node:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sstat --format="JobID,MaxRSS" -j &lt;jobid&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>To get statistics on completed jobs by jobID:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sacct --format="JobID,JobName,MaxRSS,Elapsed" -j &lt;jobid&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>To view the same information for all jobs of a user:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sacct --format="JobID,JobName,MaxRSS,Elapsed" -u &lt;username&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>To print a list of fields that can be specified with the&nbsp;</span><tt>--format</tt><span>&nbsp;option:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sacct --helpformat
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>For example, to get Job ID, Job name, Exit state, start date-time, and end date-time for job #2831:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sacct -j 2831 --format="JobID,JobName,State,Start,End"
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>Another useful command to gain information about a running job is&nbsp;</span><tt>scontrol</tt><span>:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>scontrol show job=&lt;jobid&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>4. Cancel a job</strong></span><span></span><br /><span>To cancel one job:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>scancel &lt;jobid&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>To cancel one job and delete the TMP directory created by the submit script on a node:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>sdel &lt;jobid&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>To cancel all the jobs for a user:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>scancel -u &lt;username&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div><p><span>To cancel one or more jobs by name:</span></p><div><table border="0" style="background-color: #D0D0D0;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<pre>scancel --name &lt;myJobName&gt;
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Shruti Paniwala</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/13025/the-5-reasons-to-mistakes-at-bioinformatics-work</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2014 02:51:41 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/13025/the-5-reasons-to-mistakes-at-bioinformatics-work</link>
	<title><![CDATA[The 5 reasons to mistakes at bioinformatics work !!!]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>When you're just starting out with biological programming, it's easy to run into complex problems that make you wonder how anyone has ever managed to write a program. There are some problems that trip up nearly every bioinformatician--everything from getting started understanding the biological problems to dealing with program design. Some random mistakes are so prominent that even experienced biological programmers do it. The 8 years in bioinformatics and my few random observations, most of them are snarky. These reasons will always take longer than expected and compel you to postpone your project deadline.</p><p><strong>1.Stupid for biologist:</strong> Biology is so complex that it will make bioinformatician feel stupid. There are no any universal fixed rules; it can surprise you any time. So be nice to biologists who ask questions and resolve your biological puzzles. Sometime you will have no idea what the hell you were doing either.<br /><br /><strong>2.Puzzling why:</strong> Do not hesitate to ask question. Especially. at the beginning of project you will have to ask a lot of questions. Instead of puzzling it out at end check out and clear your doubt even for a single error. It may can leads to wrong conclusion.<br /><br /><strong>3.Running marathon:</strong> The most of the biological software&rsquo;s documentation is always incomplete. In other word they are no more than 95 percent complete. Sometime a single problem can halt your entire project for months. Compilation and running the pipelines in tedious because almost all are interdependent and need proper configuration. I face the same kind of problem with Evolver :( &hellip; <br /><br /><strong>4.Folders missing:</strong> The pipelines generate lots of data, and we keep them in several folders for future use. But sometime we delete them by mistake and move to recovery&hellip;<br /><br /><strong>5.Digging deeper:</strong> Digging deeper is fruitful, but some time it can be catastrophic. You may get frustrated or direction less. So keep a biologist with you for rescue &hellip;. Sometime an expert computer programmer to handle your server. Remember, the server will always go down when you need it the most.<br /><br />The most common frustrating&nbsp; common line: Why do we do this again?</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/38310/sisrs-site-identification-from-short-read-sequences</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 28 Nov 2018 08:56:03 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/38310/sisrs-site-identification-from-short-read-sequences</link>
	<title><![CDATA[SISRS: Site Identification from Short Read Sequences]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Next-gen sequence data such as Illumina HiSeq reads. Data must be sorted into folders by taxon (e.g. species or genus). Paired reads in fastq format must be specified by _R1 and _R2 in the (otherwise identical) filenames. Paired and unpaired reads must have a fastq file extension.</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/rachelss/SISRS" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/rachelss/SISRS</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhimanyu Singh</dc:creator>
</item>

<item>
  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/13337/phd-opportunity-at-universite-de-liege-belgium</guid>
  <pubDate>Sat, 02 Aug 2014 01:12:43 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[PhD opportunity at Université de Liège - Belgium]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>PhD opportunity at Université de Liège - Belgium</p>

<p>The Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Unit of Université de Liège (Belgium) is looking for a highly motivated master student with programming skills for a PhD thesis project (4 years, fully funded) with the goal of designing computational tools that use literature, genomic and structural data in order to infer regulatory and metabolic networks.  </p>

<p>Applicants are invited to send their resume and a recommendation letter to Prof. Patrick Meyer (more details at   www.biosys.ulg.ac.be )</p>

<p>For more information : www.biosys.ulg.ac.be</p>
]]></description>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/41362/genemates-an-r-package-for-detecting-horizontal-gene-co-transfer-between-bacteria-using-gene-gene-associations-controlled-for-population-structure</guid>
	<pubDate>Sat, 07 Mar 2020 05:52:20 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/41362/genemates-an-r-package-for-detecting-horizontal-gene-co-transfer-between-bacteria-using-gene-gene-associations-controlled-for-population-structure</link>
	<title><![CDATA[GeneMates: an R package for Detecting Horizontal Gene Co-transfer between Bacteria Using Gene-gene Associations Controlled for Population Structure]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>GeneMates is an R package implementing a network approach to identify horizontal gene co-transfer (HGcoT) between bacteria using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. It is particularly useful for investigating intra-species HGcoT, where presence-absence status of acquired genes is usually confounded by bacterial population structure due to clonal reproduction.</span></p>
<p><a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.29.970970v1">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.29.970970v1</a></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/wanyuac/GeneMates" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/wanyuac/GeneMates</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/40099/contiguator</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 04 Oct 2019 01:27:58 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/40099/contiguator</link>
	<title><![CDATA[CONTIGuator !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>CONTIGuator is a Python script for Linux environments whose purpose is to speed-up the bacterial genome assembly process and to obtain a first insight of the genome structure using the well-known artemis comparison tool (ACT).</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/contiguator/" rel="nofollow">https://sourceforge.net/projects/contiguator/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/14024/grapher</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 14 Aug 2014 14:02:17 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/14024/grapher</link>
	<title><![CDATA[GrapheR !!!]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>What a wonderful gem <em>GrapheR</em> is.... Oh yes it is. <em>GrapheR</em> is a GUI for base graphics in R by http://www.maximeherve.com/. The package provides a graphical user interface for creating base charts in R. It is ideal for beginners in R, as the user interface is very clear and the code is written along side into a text file, allowing users to recreate the charts directly in the console. <br /><br />Adding and changing legends? Messing around with the plotting window settings? It is much easier/quicker with this GUI than reading the help file and trying to understand the various parameters.<br />Here is a little example using the iris data set.<br /><br />library(GrapheR)<br />data(iris)<br />run.GrapheR()<br /><br />This will bring up a window that helps me to create the chart and tweak the various parameters.</p><p><img src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-NbnCM1dPh3E/U9aW9YxJ9oI/AAAAAAAABgo/gEPzPhOpf2Y/s1600/GrapheR.png" alt="image" width="878" height="868" style="border: 0px; border: 0px;"><br /><br />Finally, I find the underlying R code in a file created by <em>GrapheR</em>. For more details read also the <a href="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GrapheR/index.html" target="_blank">package vignette</a>, which is available in <a href="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GrapheR/vignettes/manual_en.pdf" target="_blank">English</a>, <a href="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GrapheR/vignettes/manual_fr.pdf" target="_blank">French</a> and <a href="http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GrapheR/vignettes/manual_de.pdf" target="_blank">German</a>!</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>John Parker</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/42188/tools-and-method-for-haplotype-phasing</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2020 20:41:40 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/42188/tools-and-method-for-haplotype-phasing</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Tools and Method for Haplotype phasing !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<div>Huge amounts of genotype data are being produced with recent technological advances, both from increasingly&nbsp; comprehensive and inexpensive genome-wide SNP microarrays and from ever more accessible whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing methods. The vast amount of knowledge contained in these results, however, is best&nbsp; exploited through phased haplotypes, which classify the alleles co-located on the same chromosome. Since sequence and SNP array data normally take the form of unphased genotypes, one does not specifically observe which of the two parental chromosomes, or haplotypes, falls on a specific allele. Fortunately, new advances in both computational and laboratory methods promise improved determination of haplotype phase. Following are useful tools :</div><div>&nbsp;</div><p><strong>Arlequin:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="http://cmpg.unibe.ch/software/arlequin3/" target="_blank">http://cmpg.unibe.ch/software/arlequin3/</a></p><p><strong>BEAGLE:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="http://faculty.washington.edu/browning/beagle/beagle.html" target="_blank">http://faculty.washington.edu/browning/beagle/beagle.html</a></p><p><strong>fastPHASE:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="http://stephenslab.uchicago.edu/software.html" target="_blank">http://stephenslab.uchicago.edu/software.html</a></p><p><strong>GENEHUNTER:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="http://linkage.rockefeller.edu/soft/gh/" target="_blank">http://linkage.rockefeller.edu/soft/gh/</a></p><p><strong>The Genome Analysis Toolkit:</strong></p><p><a href="http://www.broadinstitute.org/gsa/wiki/index.php/The_Genome_Analysis_Toolkit" target="_blank">http://www.broadinstitute.org/gsa/wiki/index.php/The_Genome_Analysis_Toolkit</a></p><p><strong>IMPUTE2:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="https://mathgen.stats.ox.ac.uk/impute/impute_v2.html" target="_blank">https://mathgen.stats.ox.ac.uk/impute/impute_v2.html</a></p><p><strong>MACH:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/abecasis/MACH/" target="_blank">http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/abecasis/MACH/</a></p><p><strong>MERLIN:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/abecasis/Merlin/" target="_blank">http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/abecasis/Merlin/</a></p><p><strong>PHASE:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="http://stephenslab.uchicago.edu/software.html" target="_blank">http://stephenslab.uchicago.edu/software.html</a></p><p><strong>PL-EM:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~junliu/plem/" target="_blank">http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~junliu/plem/</a></p><p><strong>&ldquo;Read-backed phasing&rdquo; algorithm</strong>:&nbsp;<a href="http://www.broadinstitute.org/gsa/wiki/index.php/Read-backed_phasing_algorithm" target="_blank">http://www.broadinstitute.org/gsa/wiki/index.php/Read-backed_phasing_algorithm</a></p><p><strong>SHAPE-IT:</strong>&nbsp;<a href="http://www.griv.org/shapeit/" target="_blank">http://www.griv.org/shapeit/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Manisha Mishra</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/14186/pybedtools</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 20 Aug 2014 01:03:41 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/14186/pybedtools</link>
	<title><![CDATA[pybedtools]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>pybedtools is a Python wrapper for Aaron Quinlan's BEDtools programs (https://github.com/arq5x/bedtools), which are widely used for genomic interval manipulation or "genome algebra". pybedtools extends BEDTools by offering feature-level manipulations from with Python. See full online documentation, including installation instructions, at http://pythonhosted.org/pybedtools/.</p><p>More at http://pythonhosted.org/pybedtools/</p><p>A powerful toolset for genome arithmetic.http://code.google.com/p/bedtools/</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Shruti Paniwala</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/36373/tools-to-predict-the-impact-of-missense-variants</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 23 Apr 2018 12:57:33 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/36373/tools-to-predict-the-impact-of-missense-variants</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Tools to Predict the Impact of Missense Variants !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>Prioritizing missense variants for further experimental investigation is a key challenge in current sequencing studies for exploring complex and Mendelian diseases. A large number of&nbsp;</span><em>in silico</em><span>&nbsp;tools have been employed for the task of pathogenicity prediction, including PolyPhen‐2, SIFT, FatHMM, MutationTaster‐2, MutationAssessor, Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion, LRT, phyloP, and GERP++, as well as optimized methods of combining tool scores, such as Condel and Logit. Due to the wealth of these methods, an important practical question to answer is which of these tools generalize best, that is, correctly predict the pathogenic character of new variants. </span></p><p><span>Study of 10 tools on five datasets that such a comparative evaluation of these tools is hindered by two types of circularity: they arise due to (1) the same variants or (2) different variants from the same protein occurring both in the datasets used for training and for evaluation of these tools, which may lead to overly optimistic results. Comparative evaluations of predictors that do not address these types of circularity may erroneously conclude that circularity confounded tools are most accurate among all tools, and may even outperform optimized combinations of tools.</span></p><p><span>Following tools are useful for mis sense muation detection ...&nbsp;</span></p><p>PolyPhen‐2 (PP2)<br />&ldquo;Predicts possible impact of an amino acid substitution on the structure and function of a human protein using straightforward physical and comparative considerations&rdquo;</p><p>MutationTaster‐2 (MT2)<br />&ldquo;Evaluation of the disease‐causing potential of DNA sequence alterations&rdquo;</p><p>MutationAssessor (MASS)<br />&ldquo;Predicts the functional impact of amino acid substitutions in proteins, such as mutations discovered in cancer or missense polymorphisms&rdquo;</p><p>LRT<br />&ldquo;Identify a subset of deleterious mutations that disrupt highly conserved amino acids within protein‐coding sequences, which are likely to be unconditionally deleterious&rdquo;</p><p>SIFT<br />&ldquo;Predicts whether an amino acid substitution affects protein function&rdquo;</p><p>GERP++<br />&ldquo;Identifies constrained elements in multiple alignments by quantifying substitution deficits. These deficits represent substitutions that would have occurred if the element were neutral DNA, but did not occur because the element has been under functional constraint. We refer to these deficits as &ldquo;rejected substitutions.&rdquo; Rejected substitutions are a natural measure of constraint that reflects the strength of past purifying selection on the element&rdquo;</p><p>phyloP<br />&ldquo;Compute conservation or acceleration P values based on an alignment and a model of neutral evolution&rdquo;</p><p>FatHMM unweighted (FatHMM‐U)<br />Predicts &ldquo;functional consequences of both coding variants, that is, nonsynonymous single‐nucleotide variants, and noncoding variants&rdquo;</p><p>FatHMM weighted (FatHMM‐W)<br />Predicts &ldquo;functional consequences of both coding variants, that is, nonsynonymous single‐nucleotide variants, and noncoding variants&rdquo; and its weighting scheme attributes higher tolerance scores to SNVs in proteins, related proteins, or domains that already include a high fraction of pathogenic variantsh</p><p>Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD)<br />&ldquo;CADD is a tool for scoring the deleteriousness of single‐nucleotide variants as well as insertion/deletions variants in the human genome&rdquo;</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
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