Detail paper at https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-017-3927-8

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/VicugnaPacos/ALPACA

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/lh3/ropebwt2

DeepVariant is an analysis pipeline that uses a deep neural network to call genetic variants from next-generation DNA sequencing data. DeepVariant relies on Nucleus, a library of Python and C++ code for reading and writing data in common genomics file formats (like SAM and VCF) designed for painless integration with the TensorFlow machine learning framework.

https://ai.googleblog.com/2017/12/deepvariant-highly-accurate-genomes.html

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/092890v6

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/google/deepvariant

Address of the bookmark: http://huanglab.phys.hust.edu.cn/hnadock/

There are Neanderthal bones. Denisovan remains. Fossils from ancient relatives of our species. Each specimen gives us another piece of the story of how Homo sapiens came to be.

But now imagine that one of the most important characters in that story has left behind no fossil, no skull, no bone, and no genome.

Nothing that a paleontologist could put behind glass.

And yet, somehow, that ancient population is still speaking.

It is speaking through us.

A fascinating new study published in Science (https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aef8874?) introduces a computational method called TRACE, which allows scientists to search modern human genomes for genetic traces of ancient populations that have never been directly identified.

For years, scientists have known that our ancestors interacted with Neanderthals and Denisovans. Their DNA still survives in modern human populations. But these may not have been the only ancient humans who crossed paths with our ancestors.

Using TRACE, researchers found evidence of an unknown archaic population that contributed DNA to the ancestors of modern humans before humans spread beyond Africa.

Even more surprisingly, they found evidence of a much older lineage—possibly around 1.8 million years old—whose genetic legacy may have reached some modern humans indirectly through Denisovans.

The extraordinary part is that researchers did not need DNA from these mysterious populations to detect them. Instead, they studied the ancestry of modern genomes and looked for genetic patterns that revealed unusually ancient branches of our family history.

It is almost like finding the footprints of someone who disappeared thousands of years ago—without ever finding the person themselves.

These discoveries suggest that human evolution was far more complicated than a simple family tree. Ancient human populations repeatedly separated, migrated, met and exchanged genes. Some eventually disappeared, but pieces of their genetic legacy survived.

And that means our DNA is more than a biological instruction manual.

It is also an archive of human history.

Some of the people recorded in that archive may never have a name or a fossil. But thanks to methods like TRACE, their genetic echoes are finally becoming visible.

The next big discovery about our ancient past may not come from a fossil in the ground.

It may already be inside us.

Reference: Zhang et al., “Recovering signatures of archaic hominin introgression using ancestral recombination graphs,” Science (2026), DOI: 10.1126/science.aef8874. Detail paper @ https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aef8874?

The TRACE repository (https://github.com/YulinZhang9806/trace) contains the Python package and command-line tools used to infer archaic admixture tracts from ancestral recombination graphs.

Annotation

https://bigd.big.ac.cn/ncov/variation/annotation

Genome wharehouse 

https://bigd.big.ac.cn/gwh/browse/index

Released Genome

https://bigd.big.ac.cn/ncov/release_genome

Download data 

ftp://download.big.ac.cn/Genome/Viruses/Coronaviridae/

Raw data

https://bigd.big.ac.cn/gsa/browse/run/?tag=Coronaviridae

Address of the bookmark: https://bigd.big.ac.cn/ncov/about

Background/Motivation:

The dearth of structural information on alpha helical membrane protein (MPs) has hindered thus far the development of reliable knowledge –based potentials that can be used for automatic prediction of trans-membrane (TM) protein structure. While algorithm for identification of TM segments is available, modelling of the domains of alpha helical MPs involves assembling the segments into a bundle. This requires the correct assignment of the buried and lipid-exposed faces of the TM domains. 

Results: In a cross validated test on single sequences, our trans-membrane MM, correctly predicts the entire topology for 77% of the sequences in a standard dataset of 86 proteins with supervised topology. These results compare favorably with existing methods. 

Source Code: Matlab

Conclusion/Implementation: Here discriminant data mining approach was used to predict the location and orientation of alpha helices in membrane-spanning proteins. It is based on a first order Markov model (MM) with an architecture that corresponds closely to the biological systems. The model is enriched with three types of states for the loop on the cytoplasmic side (outer loop), loop for the non-cytoplasmic side (inner side), and trans-membrane part. The closed association between the biological and Markov states allows us to infer which part of the model architecture are important to capture the information which encodes the membrane topology, and gain a better understanding of the mechanism and constraints involved. Predictor Model was established by various  Markov decoder , and assignment of the membrane helix boundaries was apparent.

The MMseqs2 user guide is available as Github Wiki or as PDF file (Thanks to pandoc!)

Please cite: Steinegger M and Soeding J. MMseqs2 enables sensitive protein sequence searching for the analysis of massive data sets. Nature Biotechnology, doi: 10.1038/nbt.3988 (2017).

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/soedinglab/MMseqs2

Address of the bookmark: http://kobas.cbi.pku.edu.cn/