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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/37302?offset=30</link>
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	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/42485/fastprongs-fast-preprocessing-of-next-generation-sequencing-reads</guid>
	<pubDate>Sat, 26 Dec 2020 08:35:21 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/42485/fastprongs-fast-preprocessing-of-next-generation-sequencing-reads</link>
	<title><![CDATA[FastProNGS: fast preprocessing of next-generation sequencing reads]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>FastProNGS to integrate the quality control process with automatic adapter removal. Parallel processing was implemented to speed up the process by allocating multiple threads. Compared with similar up-to-date preprocessing tools, FastProNGS is by far the fastest.&nbsp;</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/Megagenomics/FastProNGS" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/Megagenomics/FastProNGS</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43770/chromeister-an-ultra-fast-heuristic-approach-to-detect-conserved-signals-in-extremely-large-pairwise-genome-comparisons</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 03 Feb 2022 04:01:55 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43770/chromeister-an-ultra-fast-heuristic-approach-to-detect-conserved-signals-in-extremely-large-pairwise-genome-comparisons</link>
	<title><![CDATA[chromeister: An ultra fast, heuristic approach to detect conserved signals in extremely large pairwise genome comparisons.]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>chromeister: An ultra fast, heuristic approach to detect conserved signals in extremely large pairwise genome comparisons.</p>
<p dir="auto">USAGE:</p>
<ul dir="auto">
<li>-query: sequence A in fasta format</li>
<li>-db: sequence B in fasta format</li>
<li>-out: output matrix</li>
<li>-kmer Integer: k&gt;1 (default 32) Use 32 for chromosomes and genomes and 16 for small bacteria</li>
<li>-diffuse Integer: z&gt;0 (default 4) Use 4 for everything - if using large plant genomes you can try using 1</li>
<li>-dimension Size of the output matrix and plot. Integer: d&gt;0 (default 1000) Use 1000 for everything that is not full genome size, where 2000 is recommended</li>
</ul><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/estebanpw/chromeister" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/estebanpw/chromeister</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44896/jaeger-an-accurate-and-fast-deep-learning-tool-to-detect-bacteriophage-sequences</guid>
	<pubDate>Sun, 31 Aug 2025 06:30:16 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44896/jaeger-an-accurate-and-fast-deep-learning-tool-to-detect-bacteriophage-sequences</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Jaeger : an accurate and fast deep-learning tool to detect bacteriophage sequences]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>Jaeger is a tool that utilizes homology-free machine learning to identify phage genome sequences that are hidden within metagenomes. It is capable of detecting both phages and prophages within metagenomic assemblies.</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/MGXlab/Jaeger" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/MGXlab/Jaeger</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>LEGE</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/35915/iupac-codes</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 13 Mar 2018 05:16:05 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/35915/iupac-codes</link>
	<title><![CDATA[IUPAC codes]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>IUPAC codes</p><p>DNA:</p><p>Nucleotide Code: Base:</p><p>---------------- -----</p><p>A.................Adenine</p><p>C.................Cytosine</p><p>G.................Guanine</p><p>T (or U)..........Thymine (or Uracil)</p><p>R.................A or G</p><p>Y.................C or T</p><p>S.................G or C</p><p>W.................A or T</p><p>K.................G or T</p><p>M.................A or C</p><p>B.................C or G or T</p><p>D.................A or G or T</p><p>H.................A or C or T</p><p>V.................A or C or G</p><p>N.................any base . or -............gap</p><p>Protein:</p><p>Amino Acid Code: Three letter Code: Amino Acid:</p><p>---------------- ------------------ -----------</p><p>A.................Ala.................Alanine</p><p>B.................Asx.................Aspartic acid or Asparagine</p><p>C.................Cys.................Cysteine</p><p>D.................Asp.................Aspartic Acid</p><p>E.................Glu.................Glutamic Acid</p><p>F.................Phe.................Phenylalanine</p><p>G.................Gly.................Glycine</p><p>H.................His.................Histidine</p><p>I.................Ile.................Isoleucine</p><p>K.................Lys.................Lysine</p><p>L.................Leu.................Leucine</p><p>M.................Met.................Methionine</p><p>N.................Asn.................Asparagine</p><p>P.................Pro.................Proline</p><p>Q.................Gln.................Glutamine</p><p>R.................Arg.................Arginine</p><p>S.................Ser.................Serine</p><p>T.................Thr.................Threonine</p><p>V.................Val.................Valine</p><p>W.................Trp.................Tryptophan</p><p>X.................Xaa.................Any amino acid</p><p>Y.................Tyr.................Tyrosine</p><p>Z.................Glx.................Glutamine or Glutamic acid</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/37788/s-plot2-creates-an-interactive-two-dimensional-heatmap-of-sequences</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 2018 05:36:19 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/37788/s-plot2-creates-an-interactive-two-dimensional-heatmap-of-sequences</link>
	<title><![CDATA[S-plot2: creates an interactive, two-dimensional heatmap of sequences]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>S-plot2 creates an interactive, two-dimensional heatmap capturing the similarities and dissimilarities in nucleotide usage between genomic sequences (partial or complete). In S-plot2, whole eukaryotic chromosomes and smaller prokaryotic genomes can be efficiently compared. The tool includes functionality to extract, analyze, and automate BLAST queries of regions of interest within the heatmap. This facilitates the investigation of quickly evolving coding regions, novel coding regions, and laterally transferred elements.</span></p>
<p><span>http://www.putonti-lab.com/uploads/4/5/3/0/45307835/s-plot2_tutorial.pdf</span></p>
<p><span>http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1176934318797354</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://bitbucket.org/lkalesinskas/splot" rel="nofollow">https://bitbucket.org/lkalesinskas/splot</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
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<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44616/basics-of-blast-programs</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jul 2024 06:04:26 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44616/basics-of-blast-programs</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Basics of BLAST Programs !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) is a powerful bioinformatics program used to compare an input sequence (such as DNA, RNA, or protein sequences) against a database of sequences to find regions of similarity. Developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), BLAST is widely used for identifying species, finding functional and evolutionary relationships between sequences, and predicting the function of novel sequences.</p><p>Key Features of BLAST:<br />1. Sequence Comparison: BLAST searches for local alignments between the query sequence and sequences in a database. It identifies regions of similarity, which can help infer functional and evolutionary relationships.</p><p>2. Speed and Efficiency: BLAST uses heuristic algorithms, making it faster than exhaustive search methods, suitable for large-scale database searches.</p><p>3. Versatility: There are several versions of BLAST for different types of sequence comparisons:<br /> - blastn: Compares a nucleotide query sequence against a nucleotide sequence database.<br /> - blastp: Compares a protein query sequence against a protein sequence database.<br /> - blastx: Compares a nucleotide query sequence translated in all reading frames against a protein sequence database.<br /> - tblastn: Compares a protein query sequence against a nucleotide sequence database translated in all reading frames.<br /> - tblastx: Compares the six-frame translations of a nucleotide query sequence against the six-frame translations of a nucleotide sequence database.</p><p>4. Scoring and E-value: BLAST results are scored based on the quality and length of the alignments. The E-value (expect value) indicates the number of alignments one can expect to find by chance, with lower E-values representing more significant matches.</p><p>5. Output Formats: BLAST provides results in various formats, including plain text, HTML, XML, and JSON, making it adaptable for different types of analyses and integrations with other tools.</p><p>Applications of BLAST:<br />- Genomic Research: Identifying genes, understanding genetic diversity, and mapping genome sequences.<br />- Protein Function Prediction: Inferring the function of unknown proteins by comparing them to known protein sequences.<br />- Evolutionary Studies: Exploring evolutionary relationships between organisms by comparing their genetic material.<br />- Medical Research: Identifying pathogens, understanding disease mechanisms, and developing treatments by comparing sequences of interest.</p><p>Overall, BLAST is an essential tool in bioinformatics, offering a reliable and efficient way to analyze and interpret biological sequence data.</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/39837/cactus-a-reference-free-whole-genome-multiple-alignment-program</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 12 Aug 2019 07:52:33 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/39837/cactus-a-reference-free-whole-genome-multiple-alignment-program</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Cactus: a reference-free whole-genome multiple alignment program]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Cactus is a reference-free whole-genome multiple alignment program. The principal algorithms are described here:&nbsp;<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.123356.111">https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.123356.111</a></p>
<p><span>Cactus uses substantial resources. For primate-sized genomes (3 gigabases each), you should expect Cactus to use approximately 120 CPU-days of compute per genome, with about 120 GB of RAM used at peak. The requirements scale roughly quadratically, so aligning two 1-megabase bacterial genomes takes only 1.5 CPU-hours and 14 GB RAM.</span>&nbsp;</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/ComparativeGenomicsToolkit/cactus" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/ComparativeGenomicsToolkit/cactus</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/41996/wgd%E2%80%94simple-command-line-tools-for-the-analysis-of-ancient-whole-genome-duplications</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 23 Jul 2020 05:49:45 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/41996/wgd%E2%80%94simple-command-line-tools-for-the-analysis-of-ancient-whole-genome-duplications</link>
	<title><![CDATA[wgd—simple command line tools for the analysis of ancient whole-genome duplications]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>wgd is a easy to use command-line tool for<span>&nbsp;</span></span><em>K</em><sub>S</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>distribution construction named wgd. The wgd suite provides commonly used<span>&nbsp;</span></span><em>K</em><sub>S</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and colinearity analysis workflows together with tools for modeling and visualization, rendering these analyses accessible to genomics researchers in a convenient manner.</span></p>
<p><a href="https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/35/12/2153/5162749">https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/35/12/2153/5162749</a></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/arzwa/wgd" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/arzwa/wgd</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>LEGE</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34734/smash-an-alignment-free-tool-to-find-and-visualise-rearrangements-between-pairs-of-dna-sequences</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 21 Dec 2017 08:26:57 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34734/smash-an-alignment-free-tool-to-find-and-visualise-rearrangements-between-pairs-of-dna-sequences</link>
	<title><![CDATA[SMASH: An alignment-free tool to find and visualise rearrangements between pairs of DNA sequences]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p style="text-align: justify;"><span>SMASH is a completely alignment-free method to find and visualise rearrangements between pairs of DNA sequences</span>. The detection is based on&nbsp;<span>relative compression</span>, namely using a FCM, also known as Markov model, of high context order (typically 20). The method has been approached with a tool (also called SMASH). For visualization, SMASH outputs a SVG image, with an ideogram output architecture, where the patterns are represented with several HSV values (only value varies). The following image, illustrating the information maps between human and chimpanzee for the several chromosomes, depicts an example:</p>
<p><a href="https://github.com/pratas/smash/blob/master/imgs/HC.png" target="_blank"><img src="https://github.com/pratas/smash/raw/master/imgs/HC.png" alt="ScreenShot" style="border: 0px;"></a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>&nbsp;</h2><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/pratas/smash" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/pratas/smash</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
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<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/38449/koala-keggs-internal-annotation-tool-for-k-number-assignment-of-kegg-genes-using-ssearch-computation</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 12 Dec 2018 09:16:55 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/38449/koala-keggs-internal-annotation-tool-for-k-number-assignment-of-kegg-genes-using-ssearch-computation</link>
	<title><![CDATA[KOALA: KEGG&#039;s internal annotation tool for K number assignment of KEGG GENES using SSEARCH computation]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>KOALA (KEGG Orthology And Links Annotation) is KEGG's internal annotation tool for&nbsp;<a href="https://www.kegg.jp/kegg/ko.html">K number</a>&nbsp;assignment of KEGG GENES using SSEARCH computation. BlastKOALA and GhostKOALA assign K numbers to the user's sequence data by&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/">BLAST</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.bi.cs.titech.ac.jp/ghostx/">GHOSTX</a>&nbsp;searches, respectively, against a nonredundant set of KEGG GENES. Annotate Sequence in KEGG Mapper and Pathogen Checker in KEGG Pathogen are special interfaces to the BlastKOALA server and can be executed in an interactive mode. &nbsp;&nbsp; See&nbsp;<a href="https://www.kegg.jp/blastkoala/help_blastkoala.html" target="_blastkoala">Step-by-step Instructions</a>.</p>
<div>Reference: Kanehisa, M., Sato, Y., and Morishima, K. (2016) BlastKOALA and GhostKOALA: KEGG tools for functional characterization of genome and metagenome sequences. J. Mol. Biol. 428, 726-731. [<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26585406">pubmed</a>] [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2015.11.006">pdf</a>]</div><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://www.kegg.jp/blastkoala/" rel="nofollow">https://www.kegg.jp/blastkoala/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhimanyu Singh</dc:creator>
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