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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/38006?offset=140</link>
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	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	
	<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/33741/diya-a-bacterial-annotation-pipeline-for-any-genomics-lab</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 30 Jun 2017 08:48:26 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/33741/diya-a-bacterial-annotation-pipeline-for-any-genomics-lab</link>
	<title><![CDATA[DIYA: a bacterial annotation pipeline for any genomics lab]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>DIY Genomics is an open source bioinformatics consortium intended to bring a collection of tools and libraries into the hands of small scale genomics labs for the process of sequence assembly and annotation. Projects include DIYA, MGAP, CRISPR, and DIYGV</span></p>
<p><span>http://gmod.org/wiki/Diya</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/diyg/" rel="nofollow">https://sourceforge.net/projects/diyg/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34515/metasim-a-sequencing-simulator-for-genomics-and-metagenomics</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 04 Dec 2017 07:18:20 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34515/metasim-a-sequencing-simulator-for-genomics-and-metagenomics</link>
	<title><![CDATA[MetaSim A Sequencing Simulator for Genomics and Metagenomics.]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>Our software can be used to&nbsp;</span><strong>generate collections of synthetic reads</strong><span>&nbsp;that reflect the diverse taxonomical composition of typical metagenome data sets. Based on a database of given genomes, the program allows the user to&nbsp;</span><strong>design a metagenome</strong><span>&nbsp;by specifying the number of genomes present at different levels of the NCBI taxonomy, and then to collect reads from the metagenome using a&nbsp;</span><strong>simulation of a number of different sequencing technologies</strong><span>. A population sampler optionally produces evolved sequences based on source genomes and a given evolutionary tree.&nbsp;</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://ab.inf.uni-tuebingen.de/software/metasim/" rel="nofollow">http://ab.inf.uni-tuebingen.de/software/metasim/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/36647/bioinformatics-jobs-at-nibmg</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 16 May 2018 02:57:15 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Bioinformatics jobs at NIBMG]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>NIBMG are looking for bright and motivated people in our big projects on cutting edge biomedical genomics research</p>

<p>http://www.nibmg.ac.in/academic/SyMeC-ICGC/SyMeC%20&amp;%20ICGC_May%202018.pdf</p>

<p>http://www.nibmg.ac.in/academic/plp/15_05_2018/AdvertisementMay2018.pdf</p>
]]></description>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/38815/research-opening-ibab-bengaluru</guid>
  <pubDate>Mon, 28 Jan 2019 17:45:54 -0600</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Research opening @ IBAB, Bengaluru]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Applications are invited for the position of Project Assistant in Bio-IT centre at IBAB, Electronic city, Bengaluru. The successful candidate will work in the next-generation sequencing (NGS) facility to perform nucleic acid isolations, quality and quantity analyses, NGS library preparations, and maintenance of sequencing related instruments and other related lab equipment. In addition, the candidate is expected to assist in various administrative matters including procurement, maintaining inventory of laboratory consumables etc. The person will have opportunity to get expertise in entire pipeline of NGS. After sufficient training, the person will act as a demonstrator in the workshops conducted by Bio-IT centre.<br />Essential Qualifications, Experiences, and Skills:</p>

<p>1. MSc. or B. Tech. or equivalent degree in Biotechnology or related life sciences discipline.<br />2. Strong aptitude for laboratory work and should be detail-oriented person.<br />3. Hands-on experience in basic molecular biology techniques.<br />4. Prior experience in working in a research laboratory or industry.<br />5. Basic IT skills that include familiarity with Microsoft Office packages.<br />6. Ability to carry out basic maintenance of general lab equipments and laboratory resources.<br />7. Ability to maintain accurate records of laboratory work.<br />8. Willingness to learn, and should be a team player.<br />Desirable Experience and Skills:<br />1. Familiarity with NGS technology.<br />2. Experience in preparation of NGS libraries.<br />3. Familiarity with Sanger sequencing technology (capillary electrophoresis based)</p>

<p>Remuneration: Remuneration will commensurate with expertise and experience.</p>

<p>How to Apply: Interested applicants fulfilling the criteria may send their detailed CV and a cover letter that explains their suitability for this position, in a single PDF, to Dr. Sreekanth Reddy at careers_bioit@ibab.ac.in. Last date for submission of application is 23rd February 2019. Please mention the position applying for in the subject line of the email.</p>

<p>About IBAB: The Bio-IT Centre at IBAB has state-of-art sequencing facility with the HiSeq 2500 and accessories such as Qubit, Covaris, Agilent 2200 TapeStation, Stratagene Mx 3000 for next generation sequencing, 3500 Dx Genetic Analyzer for capillary electrophoresis based sequencing, and HiScan for microarray imaging. The facility is fully operational and providing services to the scientific community. The Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB) is a unique institute engaged in education, research and entrepreneur support programs and is based at Electronic City, Bangalore. IBAB’s mission is to catalyze the growth of the biotechnology and bioinformatics industries in India. To know more please visit: http://www.ibab.ac.in/index.php/bioit/</p>
]]></description>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/43256/senior-scientist-bioinformatics-eurofins-genomics-india-pvt-ltd-bengaluru</guid>
  <pubDate>Sat, 14 Aug 2021 13:17:36 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Senior Scientist bioinformatics @ Eurofins Genomics India Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru.]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Eurofins hiring @ Eurofins Genomics India Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru.</p>

<p>Designation: Senior Scientist bioinformatics<br />Experience: 8-9 years of experience in bioinformatics analysis of various NGS applications such as WGS, RNASeq, Metagenome, small RNA.</p>

<p>Location: Bangalore</p>

<p>Roles &amp; Responsibilities:<br />-Develop NGS pipeline for analysis and interpretation of NGS data<br />-Organizing and managing large scale genomic data<br />-Should have experience in NGS data analysis, such as WGS, RNASeq, Small RNA, Metagenome (16S, ITS, Whole metagenome)etc.<br />-Should also have good programming skills in perl or python, PHP,J Query, MySql.<br />-Manage project timelines and deliverables.<br />-Implement and execute data processing workflows and automate the pipelines.</p>

<p>If you are interested, please send your profile to me at arpitaghosh@eurofins.com with “Senior Scientist bioinformatics for Genomics” as the subject.</p>
]]></description>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/42588/postdoc-in-genomics-of-pipefishes-and-seahorses-at-nsf-funded-postdoctoral-project-in-adam-jones-lab</guid>
  <pubDate>Thu, 07 Jan 2021 21:22:24 -0600</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Postdoc in Genomics of Pipefishes and Seahorses at NSF-funded postdoctoral project in Adam Jones' Lab]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>An NSF-funded postdoctoral position is available in Adam Jones' Lab<br />at the University of Idaho to study the evolution and development of<br />the male's brood pouch in syngnathid fishes (seahorses, pipefishes<br />and seadragons). The project is being conducted in collaboration<br />with Dr. William Cresko's group at the University of Oregon. The<br />postdoc will be involved in studies of comparative genomics across<br />the family Syngnathidae, investigations of brood pouch morphology, and<br />characterization of the brood pouch microbiome. The position will be<br />funded for two years, with the possibility of a third year. The postdoc<br />will be based at the University of Idaho and will interact extensively<br />with the Cresko Lab at the University of Oregon.</p>

<p>The University of Idaho is in Moscow, a small college town located in<br />Northern Idaho on the Washington border. Moscow is widely considered to<br />be a great place to live, and it's known for a pleasant downtown, active<br />farmer's market, and nearby recreational opportunities. All of Moscow<br />is within biking or walking distance of the University of Idaho. For<br />more information about Moscow, see https://visitmoscowid.com/.</p>

<p>The University of Idaho has very strong faculty in evolution and<br />genomics in multiple departments and interdisciplinary programs. Of<br />particular note are the Bioinformatics and Computational Biology<br />Program (BCB: https://www.uidaho.edu/sci/bcb/people/faculty) and<br />the Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST:<br />https://www.ibest.uidaho.edu/index.php). In addition, the University of<br />Idaho is only eight miles from Washington State University in Pullman, and<br />faculty from the two institutions interact and collaborate extensively.</p>

<p>Minimum qualifications include: a Ph.D. in biological sciences,<br />bioinformatics, or a related discipline; experience conducting research<br />in genomics or evolutionary biology, as evidenced by publications<br />in peer-reviewed journals; and evidence of strong written and oral<br />communication skills.  Experience analyzing next-generation sequence<br />data and familiarity with the genomics of marine fishes are desirable<br />but not required.</p>

<p>Apply at: https://uidaho.peopleadmin.com/postings/30003</p>

<p>Review of applications will begin January 15, 2021. The start date<br />is flexible.</p>

<p>The University of Idaho is an equal opportunity/Affirmative Action/equal<br />access employer.</p>

<p>Informal inquiries are encouraged and can be directed to Adam Jones<br />(adamjones@uidaho.edu).</p>

<p>"adamjones@uidaho.edu"</p>
]]></description>
</item>

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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/43341/nigerian-bioinformatics-and-genomics-network-nbgn</guid>
  <pubDate>Tue, 31 Aug 2021 08:29:40 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Nigerian Bioinformatics and Genomics Network (NBGN)]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>This is to announce the second official conference of the Nigerian Bioinformatics and Genomics Network (NBGN). October 11-13,2021 at Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State and Zoom ( conference link to be announced soon</p>

<p>#NBGN21</p>

<p>www.nbgn21conference.com</p>
]]></description>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/44395/genomics-india-conference-2024</guid>
  <pubDate>Fri, 27 Oct 2023 05:48:11 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Genomics India Conference 2024 !]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Genomics India Conference is back and this time we are coming to Shiv<br />Nadar Intitution of Eminenece, Delhi NCR. GIC 2024 will be held from 1st<br />to 3rd of February 2024 and we are happy to send you an early invitation<br />for India's premier genomics conference.</p>

<p>GIC2024 focuses on "Advances In Genomics From AI-ML To Targeted<br />Therapies". GIC2024 encourages researchers to present original<br />contributions for poster presentations.</p>

<p>Note: Early bird registration closes on 1st December 2023.</p>

<p>Kindly, register at GIC 2024 Earlybird registartion</p>

<p>https://genomicsindia.co.in/</p>
]]></description>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/researchlabs/view/44650/manthey-research-group-%E2%80%93-evolutionary-genomics</guid>
  <pubDate>Thu, 22 Aug 2024 06:25:55 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Manthey Research Group – Evolutionary Genomics]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>We focus on fundamental questions in genomics, ecology, and evolution. Our methods include fieldwork and labwork, but most of our time is spent analyzing genomics data using computational biology approaches.</p>

<p>Ant / bacteria co-evolution, landscape genomics, and population genomics<br />Vertebrate and/or invertebrate genome evolution</p>

<p>If you might be interested in joining our research group, send an email with your intent and why this group would potentially be a good fit for your future goals along with a CV / Resume to jdmanthey (at) gmail (dot) com</p>

<p>More at https://mantheylab.org/</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44713/understanding-rna-seq-normalization-methods-tpm-vs-fpkm-vs-cpm</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 11 Dec 2024 00:59:15 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44713/understanding-rna-seq-normalization-methods-tpm-vs-fpkm-vs-cpm</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Understanding RNA-Seq Normalization Methods: TPM vs. FPKM vs. CPM]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a powerful technology used to study transcriptomes, providing insights into gene expression levels. However, raw RNA-Seq data requires normalization to account for sequencing depth and gene length, enabling accurate comparisons between genes and samples. Among the most widely used normalization methods are TPM (Transcripts Per Million), FPKM (Fragments Per Kilobase Million), and CPM (Counts Per Million). Each method has its unique principles and applications, which we&rsquo;ll explore in this blog.</p><h2>Why Normalize RNA-Seq Data?</h2><p>Normalization is a crucial step in RNA-Seq analysis for the following reasons:</p><ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Sequencing depth:</strong> Different RNA-Seq experiments produce varying numbers of reads, making direct comparisons between samples misleading.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Gene length:</strong> Longer genes inherently generate more reads, irrespective of their actual expression level.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Bias reduction:</strong> Normalization mitigates technical biases, enabling meaningful biological interpretation.</p>
</li>
</ul><h2>TPM (Transcripts Per Million)</h2><p>TPM measures the proportion of reads mapped to a transcript, normalized by transcript length and sequencing depth. It is calculated as:</p><h3>Key Features:</h3><ol>
<li>
<p><strong>Proportionality:</strong> TPM values sum to 1,000,000 across all transcripts in a sample, making it easier to compare between samples.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Intuitive interpretation:</strong> TPM values directly represent the abundance of transcripts in a sample.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Preferred for comparisons:</strong> TPM facilitates between-sample comparisons better than FPKM.</p>
</li>
</ol><h2>FPKM (Fragments Per Kilobase Million)</h2><p>FPKM normalizes read counts by transcript length and sequencing depth, but without enforcing proportionality like TPM. It is defined as:</p><h3>Key Features:</h3><ol>
<li>
<p><strong>Historical significance:</strong> FPKM was one of the first normalization methods used for RNA-Seq.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Single-end vs. paired-end:</strong> In paired-end sequencing, FPKM becomes RPKM (Reads Per Kilobase Million).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Limited utility:</strong> FPKM values are not as robust as TPM for cross-sample comparisons due to lack of proportionality.</p>
</li>
</ol><h2>CPM (Counts Per Million)</h2><p>CPM normalizes raw read counts by sequencing depth, without considering gene length. It is expressed as:</p><h3>Key Features:</h3><ol>
<li>
<p><strong>Simplicity:</strong> CPM is straightforward and computationally less intensive.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Application:</strong> Suitable for non-length-dependent analyses, such as comparing total expression levels or differential expression analysis.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Gene length agnostic:</strong> CPM does not correct for gene length, making it less ideal for measuring expression levels.</p>
</li>
</ol><h2>When to Use Each Method</h2><ul>
<li>
<p><strong>TPM:</strong> Best for comparing expression levels between samples, especially when transcript length and sequencing depth vary.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>FPKM:</strong> Useful for historical consistency but generally replaced by TPM.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>CPM:</strong> Ideal for differential expression analysis when gene length normalization is unnecessary.</p>
</li>
</ul><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>Choosing the right normalization method depends on the specific objectives of your RNA-Seq analysis. TPM&rsquo;s proportionality and robustness make it the preferred choice for most applications, while CPM serves well for differential expression studies. Although FPKM paved the way for RNA-Seq normalization, it has largely been supplanted by TPM in modern workflows. Understanding these methods and their nuances ensures accurate and meaningful interpretations of RNA-Seq data.</p><h3>References:</h3><ol>
<li>
<p>Li, B., &amp; Dewey, C. N. (2011). RSEM: accurate transcript quantification from RNA-Seq data with or without a reference genome. <em>BMC Bioinformatics.</em></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Trapnell, C., et al. (2010). Transcript assembly and quantification by RNA-Seq reveals unannotated transcripts and isoform switching during cell differentiation. <em>Nature Biotechnology.</em></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Law, C. W., et al. (2014). voom: precision weights unlock linear model analysis tools for RNA-seq read counts. <em>Genome Biology.</em></p>
</li>
</ol>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
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