• Single-SNP GWAS with RGWAS.normal function
• SNP-set (or gene set) GWAS with RGWAS.multisnp function (which tests multiple SNPs at the same time)
• Check epistatic (SNP-set x SNP-set interaction) effects with RGWAS.epistasis (very slow and less reliable)

https://github.com/KosukeHamazaki/RAINBOWR

https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007663

https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/RAINBOWR/index.html

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/KosukeHamazaki/RAINBOWR

• multi-class semantic segmentation using U-Net architecture
• multi-class object detection using YOLOv3 architecture

You can install the latest version of platypus with remotes package:

Note that in order to install platypus you need to install keras and tensorflow packages and Tensorflow version >= 2.0.0 ( Tensorflow 1.x will not be supported!)

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/maju116/platypus

Address of the bookmark: https://www.r-bloggers.com/2022/03/r-shiny-in-life-sciences-top-7-dashboard-examples/

Address of the bookmark: https://rpubs.com/Devashish13/PCAGenomics

Stay at home if you have coronavirus symptoms

Stay at home if you have either:

• a high temperature – you feel hot to touch on your chest or back
• a new, continuous cough – this means you've started coughing repeatedly

DO NOT TAKE

Ibrufen

https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/14/anti-inflammatory-drugs-may-aggravate-coronavirus-infection

How to avoid catching and spreading coronavirus (social distancing)

Everyone should do what they can to stop coronavirus spreading.

It is particularly important for people who:

• are 70 or over
• have a long-term condition
• are pregnant
• have a weakened immune system

Below are the 52 Coronavirus COVID-19 Testing sites/locations in India.

State: Andhra Pradesh       

1. Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati
2. Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
3. GMC, Anantapur, AP

State: Andaman & Nicobar islands

1. Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman, and Nicobar

State: Assam

1. Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati
2.  Regional Medical Research Center, Dibrugarh

State: Bihar

1. Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna

State: Chandigarh

1. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh

State: Chhattisgarh

1. All India Institute Medical Sciences, Raipur

Union Territory: Delhi-NCT 

1. All India Institute Medical Sciences, Delhi
2. National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi

State: Gujarat

1. BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad
2. M.P.Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar

State: Haryana

1. Pt. B.D. Sharma Post Graduate Inst. of Med. Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana
2. BPS Govt Medical College, Sonipat

State: Himachal Pradesh

1. Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
2. Dr.Rajendra Prasad Govt. Med. College, Kangra, Tanda, HP

Union Territory: Jammu and Kashmir

1. Sher‐e‐ Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar
2. Government Medical College, Jammu

State: Jharkhand

1. MGM Medical College, Jamshedpur

State: Karnataka

1. Bangalore Medical College & Research Institute, Bangalore
2. National Institute of Virology Field Unit Bangalore
3. Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysore
4. Hassan Inst. of Med. Sciences, Hassan, Karnataka
5. Shimoga Inst. of Med. Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka

State: Kerala

1. National Institute of Virology Field Unit, Kerala
2. Govt. Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
3. Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala

State: Madhya Pradesh

1. All India Institute Medical Sciences, Bhopal
2. National Institute of Research in Tribal Health (NIRTH), Jabalpur

State: Meghalaya

1. NEIGRI of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, Meghalaya

State: Maharashtra

1. Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur
2. Kasturba Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Mumbai

State: Manipur

1. J N Inst. of Med. Sciences Hospital, Imphal‐East, Manipur

State: Odisha

1. Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar

Union Territory: Puducherry

1. Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry

State: Punjab

1. Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab
2. Government Medical College, Amritsar

State: Rajasthan

1. Sawai Man Singh, Jaipur
2. Dr. S.N Medical College, Jodhpur
3. Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan
4. SP Med. College, Bikaner, Rajasthan

State: Tamil Nadu

1. King’s Institute of Preventive Medicine & Research, Chennai
2. Government Medical College, Theni

State: Tripura

1. Government Medical College, Agartala

State: Telangana

1. Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad

State: Uttar Pradesh

1. King’s George Medical University, Lucknow
2. Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras, Hindu University, Varanasi
3. Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh

State: Uttarakhand

1. Government Medical College, Haldwani

State: West Bengal

1. National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata
2. IPGMER, Kolkata

Address of the bookmark: https://sites.google.com/g.hmc.edu/empress/home

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/ParBLiSS/FastANI

http://www.putonti-lab.com/uploads/4/5/3/0/45307835/s-plot2_tutorial.pdf

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1176934318797354

Address of the bookmark: https://bitbucket.org/lkalesinskas/splot

Key Features of BLAST:
1. Sequence Comparison: BLAST searches for local alignments between the query sequence and sequences in a database. It identifies regions of similarity, which can help infer functional and evolutionary relationships.

2. Speed and Efficiency: BLAST uses heuristic algorithms, making it faster than exhaustive search methods, suitable for large-scale database searches.

3. Versatility: There are several versions of BLAST for different types of sequence comparisons:
- blastn: Compares a nucleotide query sequence against a nucleotide sequence database.
- blastp: Compares a protein query sequence against a protein sequence database.
- blastx: Compares a nucleotide query sequence translated in all reading frames against a protein sequence database.
- tblastn: Compares a protein query sequence against a nucleotide sequence database translated in all reading frames.
- tblastx: Compares the six-frame translations of a nucleotide query sequence against the six-frame translations of a nucleotide sequence database.

4. Scoring and E-value: BLAST results are scored based on the quality and length of the alignments. The E-value (expect value) indicates the number of alignments one can expect to find by chance, with lower E-values representing more significant matches.

5. Output Formats: BLAST provides results in various formats, including plain text, HTML, XML, and JSON, making it adaptable for different types of analyses and integrations with other tools.

Applications of BLAST:
- Genomic Research: Identifying genes, understanding genetic diversity, and mapping genome sequences.
- Protein Function Prediction: Inferring the function of unknown proteins by comparing them to known protein sequences.
- Evolutionary Studies: Exploring evolutionary relationships between organisms by comparing their genetic material.
- Medical Research: Identifying pathogens, understanding disease mechanisms, and developing treatments by comparing sequences of interest.

Overall, BLAST is an essential tool in bioinformatics, offering a reliable and efficient way to analyze and interpret biological sequence data.

1. Learn and get updated

Some of the bad biological programmers only learn new technical or non-technical things when it’s absolutely necessary. The good biological programmers learn new technical skills proactively. But great biological programmers not only learn new technical skills on their own but also learn non-technical skills, and have an open mind to sources of knowledge that others may shut out.

In other concrete term, the bad biological programmer learn Perl's regular expression when they started a project on comparative genomics; the good biological programmer learned it a year before because it looked interesting; and the great biological programmer also read about the BioPerl packages, genomics, DNA string, genomic theories, or some similar course of study so that they could understand the results and explain it biologically.

2. Not a merely coder!!!

I often encountered with biological programmer who call themself a hard-core computer programmer and avoid biology. I can almost guarantee that if you are one of them then you are not doing research but merely writing "dry" codes.

According to my supervisor most of the computational biologist, don't know what they are doing biologically. Even they struggle to explain their own programs output and results. Therefore, It is highly advisable to learn basic of biology which can assist you to explain the result and understand your discovery. Always remember you are a researcher not a coder.

3. Be Social with biologist

The computational biologist spends most of the time in from of computers, writing codes. They always think their job is to produce working codes, not technical research perfections. But, they are completely wrong. You should not forget that apart from your computational skills you also need some biologist, other than your supervisor, to explain and make you understand the complex biological mechanism.

I highly recommend your to interact with biotech researchers and learn how do they explain their one graph (which they generally produce after one year of work) biologically. Remember, the origin of your research project is complex biological phenomenon, which is more complex than that of your limited programming rules.

4. Do not search, research for answers

Researching for answers means more than typing several keywords into a search engine or posting a question at Stack Overflow or the BioStars forums. I have entered problems into search engines that generate no results, and every question I posted on Stack Overflow or the BioStars forums never got anything resembling an answer, yet I solved the issues and moved on. I’m not a magician — I just know how to find answers or discover root causes.

Many problems are situational, and if you depend on search engines and forums, you can waste a lot of time going down a rabbit hole and possibly never getting a solution. Learn to perform root cause analysis, learn enough about the underlying system to look for other clues and solutions, and learn to take a long distance view of an issue before deep diving into it.

5. Love and defend your research

You cannot rise to the top in this research profession without loving your work. There are some very good “it’s just a job” biological programmers (I’ve been one at times), but if that is your outlook, you won’t be willing to do whatever it takes to succeed. This idea gets a lot of folks in a huff, because they feel it is a personal insult. “I’m a good programmer, but I have other priorities and can’t make work my life.” I understand completely; I have other priorities too. As much as I hate to say it, when I am passionate about my work, I am willing (though not eager) to abandon my other priorities to finish the job. It is not an insult to say that if you aren’t willing to pull out all the stops you can’t be the best, it is a fact.

You must be passionate about more than programming — you must also be excited about your research, the tools and technology you are using, and so on. I have seen very good and even great biological programmers operating at mediocre levels because something was not a good fit, such as they hated the project or were using a technology they disliked. Therefore, like your research project and get excited about your discoveries. You have not only to discover but also defend your finding with scientific words.

Thanks to all of you for reading.