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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/42166?offset=1160</link>
	<atom:link href="https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/42166?offset=1160" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/poll/view/14927/which-of-the-following-programming-language-is-best-for-a-bioinformatics-beginner</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 04 Sep 2014 07:51:16 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/poll/view/14927/which-of-the-following-programming-language-is-best-for-a-bioinformatics-beginner</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Which of the following programming language is best for a bioinformatics beginner?]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>I will be doing NGS in the course of my research work and I will like to learn a programming language which is compatible with most bioinformatics tools or software. I basically want to do de-novo assembly, map reads, align reads, and expression analysis. Recommendations welcomed. Which languages would you recommend to a student wishing to enter the world of bioinformatics?</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Manisha Mishra</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43714/hiv-genome-database</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 21 Jan 2022 05:40:15 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43714/hiv-genome-database</link>
	<title><![CDATA[HIV genome database !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>HIV resources</p>
<p>https://www.hiv.lanl.gov/components/sequence/HIV/search/search.html</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://www.hiv.lanl.gov/components/sequence/HIV/search/search.html" rel="nofollow">https://www.hiv.lanl.gov/components/sequence/HIV/search/search.html</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/16160/research-scientist-%E2%80%93-bioinformatics-at-sidra-medical-and-research-center</guid>
  <pubDate>Wed, 10 Sep 2014 14:35:35 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Research Scientist – Bioinformatics at Sidra Medical and Research Center]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Sidra Medical and Research Center(Doha, Qatar) is looking for talented Research Scientists (Bioinformatics / NGS Data Analysis).</p>

<p>Research Scientists within the Bioinformatics Program are involved in research related to cutting edge genomics and analysis of omics data. The research will utilize concepts, theories and best practices obtained from bioinformatics discipline and applied to biological and other biomedical data for analysis. The role may also involve designing databases, algorithm and/or computation methods for analyzing genomics and other omics data.  The scientist will be working closely with the Translational Medicine Program within a state-of-the art research setting.</p>

<p>Please check the details of the opening and apply here: http://careers.sidra.org/sidra/Vacan...acancyID=60181</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43909/human-complete-genome</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 06 Jul 2022 06:42:55 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43909/human-complete-genome</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Human Complete Genome]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<h1 dir="auto">Telomere-to-telomere consortium</h1>
<p dir="auto">We have sequenced the CHM13hTERT human cell line with a number of technologies. Human genomic DNA was extracted from the cultured cell line. As the DNA is native, modified bases will be preserved. The data includes 30x&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pacb.com/">PacBio</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/?term=SRX789768*+CHM13">HiFi</a>, 120x coverage of&nbsp;<a href="https://nanoporetech.com/">Oxford Nanopore</a>, 70x&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pacb.com/">PacBio</a>&nbsp;CLR, 50x&nbsp;<a href="https://www.10xgenomics.com/">10X Genomics</a>, as well as&nbsp;<a href="https://bionanogenomics.com/technology/dls-technology/">BioNano DLS</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://arimagenomics.com/kit/">Arima Genomics HiC</a>. Most raw data is available from this site, with the exception of the PacBio data which was generated by the University of Washington/PacBio and is available from&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra?linkname=bioproject_sra_all&amp;from_uid=269593">NCBI SRA</a>.</p>
<p dir="auto">A UCSC browser is available for&nbsp;<a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/h/GCA_009914755.4">v2.0</a>&nbsp;(as well as legacy&nbsp;<a href="http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?genome=t2t-chm13-v1.0&amp;hubUrl=http://t2t.gi.ucsc.edu/chm13/hub/hub.txt">v1.0</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?genome=t2t-chm13-v1.1&amp;hubUrl=http://t2t.gi.ucsc.edu/chm13/hub/hub.txt">v1.1</a>&nbsp;versions). An interactive dotplot visualization of all genomic repeats is also available from&nbsp;<a href="https://resgen.io/paper-data/T2T-Nurk-et-al-2021/views/t2t-identity-v2">resgen.io</a>. Known issues identified in the assembly are tracked at&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/marbl/CHM13-issues">CHM13 issues</a>.</p>
<p dir="auto">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="auto">MORE at&nbsp;https://github.com/marbl/CHM13</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj6987" rel="nofollow">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj6987</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Shruti Paniwala</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/16472/internship-nipgr</guid>
  <pubDate>Sat, 13 Sep 2014 16:02:35 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[INTERNSHIP @ NIPGR]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Applications are invited from suitable candidates for six months ‘Training Fellowship' at National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR).</p>

<p>About National Institute Of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR) http://www.nipgr.res.in/</p>

<p>The National Institute of Plant Genome Research is an autonomous institution supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. It is committed to make the institute a premier Institution for plant genomic research in the country. It was established to contribute in the achievement of such hopes as a part of national effort for meeting the challenges in the midst of fast pace of international genomic research and grasping of opportunities on long-term basis.</p>

<p>About the Internship:</p>

<p>The selected intern(s) will work in the area of in Bioinformatics under the BTISNET program of DBT in the Distributed Information Sub center (DISC) facility at NIPGR, New Delhi, under the supervision of Dr. Gitanjali Yadav, Scientist, NIPGR.</p>

<p>Who can apply:</p>

<p>Students currently pursuing the final year of Masters Degree (or equivalent) in Bioinformatics/Biotechnology with strong interest in Computational Biology and First class/division throughout academic career may apply.</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/44371/steps-to-find-all-the-repeats-in-the-genome</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 31 Aug 2023 02:43:28 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/44371/steps-to-find-all-the-repeats-in-the-genome</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Steps to find all the repeats in the genome !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<div><p>To find repeats in a genome from 2 to 9 length using a Perl script, you can use the RepeatMasker tool with the "--length" option<a href="https://mobilednajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1759-8753-5-13" target="_blank">[0]</a>. Here's a step-by-step guide:</p></div><div><ol>
<li>Install RepeatMasker: First, you need to install RepeatMasker on your system. You can download it from the RepeatMasker website<a href="https://mobilednajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1759-8753-5-13" target="_blank">[0]</a>.</li>
</ol></div><div><ol>
<li>Prepare the genome sequence: Make sure you have the genome sequence in a FASTA file format. Let's assume the file is named "genome.fasta".</li>
</ol><blockquote><p>./RepeatMasker -pa &lt;number_of_processors&gt; -nolow -norna -no_is -div &lt;divergence_value&gt; -lib RepeatMaskerLib.embl -gff -xsmall -small -poly -species &lt;species_name&gt; -dir &lt;output_directory&gt; -length &lt;min_length&gt;-&lt;max_length&gt; genome.fasta</p></blockquote><div><p>Replace the following placeholders with appropriate values:</p><ul>
<li><code>&lt;number_of_processors&gt;</code>: The number of processors/threads you want to use for parallel processing.</li>
<li><code>&lt;divergence_value&gt;</code>: The divergence value for the species you are analyzing. You can find divergence values for different species in the RepeatMasker documentation<a href="https://mobilednajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1759-8753-5-13" target="_blank">[0]</a>.</li>
<li><code>&lt;species_name&gt;</code>: The name of the species you are analyzing.</li>
<li><code>&lt;output_directory&gt;</code>: The directory where you want the output files to be saved.</li>
<li><code>&lt;min_length&gt;</code>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<code>&lt;max_length&gt;</code>: The minimum and maximum lengths of the repeats you want to find (in this case, 2 and 9).</li>
</ul></div><div><ol>
<li>Analyze the output: RepeatMasker will generate several output files, including a .out file. You can parse this file to extract the information you need. There is a Perl tool called "one_code_to_find_them_all.pl" that can help you parse RepeatMasker output files<a href="https://mobilednajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1759-8753-5-13" target="_blank">[0]</a>. You can download it from the source provided.</li>
</ol></div><div><ol>
<li>Use the provided Perl script: Once you have the "one_code_to_find_them_all.pl" script, you can run it to conveniently parse the RepeatMasker output files. Here's an example of how to use it:</li>
</ol><blockquote><p>perl one_code_to_find_them_all.pl --rm &lt;RepeatMasker_out_file&gt; --length &lt;length_file&gt;</p></blockquote></div><p>&nbsp;</p></div><div><div><p>Replace&nbsp;<code>&lt;RepeatMasker_out_file&gt;</code>&nbsp;with the path to your RepeatMasker .out file, and&nbsp;<code>&lt;length_file&gt;</code>&nbsp;with the path to a file containing the lengths of the reference elements.</p></div><div><p>This script will generate several output files, including .log.txt and .copynumber.csv, which contain quantitative information about the identified repeat elements.</p></div><div><p>Remember to adjust the parameters and options according to your specific needs and the characteristics of your genome.</p></div></div>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/16682/java-utilities-for-next-generation-sequencing-by-pierre-lindenbaum</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 15 Sep 2014 17:24:49 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/16682/java-utilities-for-next-generation-sequencing-by-pierre-lindenbaum</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Java utilities for Next Generation Sequencing  by Pierre Lindenbaum]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<div>
<div>
<p>Java utilities for Bioinformatics</p>
</div>
<div>
<p><a href="https://github.com/lindenb/jvarkit">https://github.com/lindenb/jvarkit</a></p>
</div>
</div><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/lindenb/jvarkit" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/lindenb/jvarkit</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Robert M Willioms</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44628/uncovar-workflow-for-transparent-and-robust-virus-variant-calling-genome-reconstruction-and-lineage-assignment</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 05 Aug 2024 23:01:29 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44628/uncovar-workflow-for-transparent-and-robust-virus-variant-calling-genome-reconstruction-and-lineage-assignment</link>
	<title><![CDATA[UnCoVar: Workflow for Transparent and Robust Virus Variant Calling, Genome Reconstruction and Lineage Assignment]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>UnCoVar: Workflow for Transparent and Robust Virus Variant Calling, Genome Reconstruction and Lineage Assignment</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Using state of the art tools, easily extended for other viruses</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Tool and database updates for critical components via Conda</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Built using modern design patterns with Conda and Snakemake</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Extensible and easy to customize</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Submission Ready Genomes</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Customizable reporting with comprehensive visualization</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>https://ikim-essen.github.io/uncovar/</p>
<p>Github&nbsp;https://github.com/IKIM-Essen/uncovar</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://ikim-essen.github.io/uncovar/" rel="nofollow">https://ikim-essen.github.io/uncovar/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/17505/kau-thrissur-biotechbioinformatics-rasrfjrftraineestudentships</guid>
  <pubDate>Fri, 26 Sep 2014 20:07:28 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[KAU Thrissur Biotech/Bioinformatics RA/SRF/JRF/Trainee/Studentships]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Applications are invited from eligible candidates for the following posts at Bioinformatics Centre (DIC), IT- BT Complex, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur.</p>

<p>1. Research Associate <br />Emoluments*: 14880/- + HRA 	<br />Qualification needed: Ph.D/M.Sc in Bioinformatics or Ph.D/M.Sc in Agriculture or Biotechnology with advanced Diploma in Bioinformatics <br />Desirable: 2 year experience in Bioinformatics.</p>

<p>2 Senior Research Fellow <br />Emoluments*: 10230/- 	<br />Qualification needed: M.Sc/ M.tech in Bioinformatics or M.Sc in Agriculture/ Biotechnology with Diploma in Bioinformatics. <br />Desirable: One year experience in Bioinformatics</p>

<p>3 Junior Research Fellow <br />Emoluments*: 9300/- 	<br />Qualification needed: M.Sc/ M.tech in Bioinformatics or M.Sc in Agriculture/Biotechnology/Plant Sciences with Diploma in Bioinformatics.</p>

<p>4 .Trainee/Studentship Bioinformatics <br />Emoluments*: 5000/- 	<br />Qualification needed: M.Sc in Bioinformatics with good knowledge of Bioinformatics softwares and tools.</p>

<p>5 Trainee/ Studentship Biotechnology <br />Emoluments*: 5000/- 	<br />Qualification needed: M.Sc in Biotechnology, with working knowledge in tissue culture, molecular markers and cloning of genes.</p>

<p>Candidates with the required qualifications and experience may give an application in the prescribed format with attested copies of certificates to prove eligibility on or before 30th November 2014. The applications are to be addressed to The Associate Dean, College of Horticulture and send to "Professor &amp; Coordinator, Bioinformatics Centre (DIC), IT-BT Complex, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala 680 656”. The envelope may be superscribed “Application for the post at Bioinformatics Centre”.</p>

<p>*Emoluments are likely to be revised in 2014-2015</p>

<p>More at http://www.kaubic.in/downloads/Notification_bic.pdf<br />http://www.kaubic.in/downloads/Application%20form.pdf</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44775/genomic-architecture-surrounding-the-fusion-site-of-human-chromosome-2</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 04 Mar 2025 12:26:29 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44775/genomic-architecture-surrounding-the-fusion-site-of-human-chromosome-2</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Genomic architecture surrounding the fusion site of human chromosome 2]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>The article <strong>"Genomic Structure and Evolution of the Ancestral Chromosome Fusion Site in 2q13&ndash;2q14.1 and Paralogous Regions on Other Human Chromosomes (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC187548/)"</strong> explores the genomic architecture surrounding the fusion site of human chromosome 2. This fusion event is a key evolutionary marker distinguishing humans from other great apes, as humans have 46 chromosomes while chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans possess 48. The fusion occurred through an end-to-end joining of two ancestral chromosomes, which remain separate in nonhuman primates.</p><h3><strong>Key Findings:</strong></h3><ol>
<li>
<p><strong>Chromosomal Fusion and Its Molecular Signature:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>The fusion site is located at <strong>2q13&ndash;2q14.1</strong> and is characterized by <strong>degenerate telomeric sequences</strong> appearing interstitially, indicating the historical head-to-head joining of ancestral chromosomes.</li>
<li>Despite being a signature of a past fusion event, these telomeric repeats are no longer functional and have undergone sequence degradation over time.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Extensive Duplications in the Surrounding Genomic Region:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>The study identifies <strong>large-scale segmental duplications</strong> flanking the fusion site, with several of these regions duplicated and scattered across multiple chromosomes.</li>
<li>These duplications are predominantly located in <strong>subtelomeric and pericentromeric regions</strong>, suggesting their role in genomic instability and chromosomal evolution.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Paralogous Regions and Their Evolutionary Relationships:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>A <strong>168-kilobase (kb) segment</strong> near the fusion site has <strong>98%&ndash;99% sequence identity</strong> with three regions on <strong>chromosome 9 (9pter, 9p11.2, and 9q13)</strong>.</li>
<li>Another <strong>67-kb region distal to the fusion site</strong> shows a high degree of homology to sequences in <strong>chromosome 22qter</strong>.</li>
<li>Additionally, a <strong>100-kb segment</strong> exhibits <strong>96% sequence identity</strong> with a region in <strong>chromosome 2q11.2</strong>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Implications:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>By comparing the duplicated sequences and their arrangement in primates, the researchers traced the order of duplication events leading to their present distribution.</li>
<li>The presence of specific repetitive elements within these duplicated segments serves as <strong>evolutionary markers</strong> that help infer their historical rearrangements.</li>
<li>Some of these <strong>duplicated regions are associated with chromosomal inversion breakpoints</strong>, potentially contributing to evolutionary changes in primates.</li>
<li>Recurrent <strong>structural rearrangements</strong> in these regions have been linked to human chromosomal disorders.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol><h3><strong>Conclusions and Implications:</strong></h3><ul>
<li>The findings provide valuable insights into <strong>the structural evolution of human chromosome 2</strong>, which played a crucial role in human speciation.</li>
<li>Understanding these <strong>segmental duplications</strong> and their evolutionary trajectories sheds light on <strong>genomic instability</strong>, which may contribute to <strong>human genetic diseases</strong>.</li>
<li>The study highlights how large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, such as fusion and duplication, have influenced the <strong>evolutionary divergence of humans</strong> from other primates.</li>
</ul><p>This research advances our understanding of <strong>human genome evolution</strong> and offers a foundation for studying the effects of <strong>structural variants in genetic disorders</strong>.</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>LEGE</dc:creator>
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