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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/42559?offset=560</link>
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	<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43909/human-complete-genome</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 06 Jul 2022 06:42:55 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43909/human-complete-genome</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Human Complete Genome]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<h1 dir="auto">Telomere-to-telomere consortium</h1>
<p dir="auto">We have sequenced the CHM13hTERT human cell line with a number of technologies. Human genomic DNA was extracted from the cultured cell line. As the DNA is native, modified bases will be preserved. The data includes 30x&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pacb.com/">PacBio</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/?term=SRX789768*+CHM13">HiFi</a>, 120x coverage of&nbsp;<a href="https://nanoporetech.com/">Oxford Nanopore</a>, 70x&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pacb.com/">PacBio</a>&nbsp;CLR, 50x&nbsp;<a href="https://www.10xgenomics.com/">10X Genomics</a>, as well as&nbsp;<a href="https://bionanogenomics.com/technology/dls-technology/">BioNano DLS</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://arimagenomics.com/kit/">Arima Genomics HiC</a>. Most raw data is available from this site, with the exception of the PacBio data which was generated by the University of Washington/PacBio and is available from&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra?linkname=bioproject_sra_all&amp;from_uid=269593">NCBI SRA</a>.</p>
<p dir="auto">A UCSC browser is available for&nbsp;<a href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/h/GCA_009914755.4">v2.0</a>&nbsp;(as well as legacy&nbsp;<a href="http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?genome=t2t-chm13-v1.0&amp;hubUrl=http://t2t.gi.ucsc.edu/chm13/hub/hub.txt">v1.0</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?genome=t2t-chm13-v1.1&amp;hubUrl=http://t2t.gi.ucsc.edu/chm13/hub/hub.txt">v1.1</a>&nbsp;versions). An interactive dotplot visualization of all genomic repeats is also available from&nbsp;<a href="https://resgen.io/paper-data/T2T-Nurk-et-al-2021/views/t2t-identity-v2">resgen.io</a>. Known issues identified in the assembly are tracked at&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/marbl/CHM13-issues">CHM13 issues</a>.</p>
<p dir="auto">&nbsp;</p>
<p dir="auto">MORE at&nbsp;https://github.com/marbl/CHM13</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj6987" rel="nofollow">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj6987</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Shruti Paniwala</dc:creator>
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<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/44371/steps-to-find-all-the-repeats-in-the-genome</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 31 Aug 2023 02:43:28 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/44371/steps-to-find-all-the-repeats-in-the-genome</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Steps to find all the repeats in the genome !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<div><p>To find repeats in a genome from 2 to 9 length using a Perl script, you can use the RepeatMasker tool with the "--length" option<a href="https://mobilednajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1759-8753-5-13" target="_blank">[0]</a>. Here's a step-by-step guide:</p></div><div><ol>
<li>Install RepeatMasker: First, you need to install RepeatMasker on your system. You can download it from the RepeatMasker website<a href="https://mobilednajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1759-8753-5-13" target="_blank">[0]</a>.</li>
</ol></div><div><ol>
<li>Prepare the genome sequence: Make sure you have the genome sequence in a FASTA file format. Let's assume the file is named "genome.fasta".</li>
</ol><blockquote><p>./RepeatMasker -pa &lt;number_of_processors&gt; -nolow -norna -no_is -div &lt;divergence_value&gt; -lib RepeatMaskerLib.embl -gff -xsmall -small -poly -species &lt;species_name&gt; -dir &lt;output_directory&gt; -length &lt;min_length&gt;-&lt;max_length&gt; genome.fasta</p></blockquote><div><p>Replace the following placeholders with appropriate values:</p><ul>
<li><code>&lt;number_of_processors&gt;</code>: The number of processors/threads you want to use for parallel processing.</li>
<li><code>&lt;divergence_value&gt;</code>: The divergence value for the species you are analyzing. You can find divergence values for different species in the RepeatMasker documentation<a href="https://mobilednajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1759-8753-5-13" target="_blank">[0]</a>.</li>
<li><code>&lt;species_name&gt;</code>: The name of the species you are analyzing.</li>
<li><code>&lt;output_directory&gt;</code>: The directory where you want the output files to be saved.</li>
<li><code>&lt;min_length&gt;</code>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<code>&lt;max_length&gt;</code>: The minimum and maximum lengths of the repeats you want to find (in this case, 2 and 9).</li>
</ul></div><div><ol>
<li>Analyze the output: RepeatMasker will generate several output files, including a .out file. You can parse this file to extract the information you need. There is a Perl tool called "one_code_to_find_them_all.pl" that can help you parse RepeatMasker output files<a href="https://mobilednajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1759-8753-5-13" target="_blank">[0]</a>. You can download it from the source provided.</li>
</ol></div><div><ol>
<li>Use the provided Perl script: Once you have the "one_code_to_find_them_all.pl" script, you can run it to conveniently parse the RepeatMasker output files. Here's an example of how to use it:</li>
</ol><blockquote><p>perl one_code_to_find_them_all.pl --rm &lt;RepeatMasker_out_file&gt; --length &lt;length_file&gt;</p></blockquote></div><p>&nbsp;</p></div><div><div><p>Replace&nbsp;<code>&lt;RepeatMasker_out_file&gt;</code>&nbsp;with the path to your RepeatMasker .out file, and&nbsp;<code>&lt;length_file&gt;</code>&nbsp;with the path to a file containing the lengths of the reference elements.</p></div><div><p>This script will generate several output files, including .log.txt and .copynumber.csv, which contain quantitative information about the identified repeat elements.</p></div><div><p>Remember to adjust the parameters and options according to your specific needs and the characteristics of your genome.</p></div></div>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44628/uncovar-workflow-for-transparent-and-robust-virus-variant-calling-genome-reconstruction-and-lineage-assignment</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 05 Aug 2024 23:01:29 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/44628/uncovar-workflow-for-transparent-and-robust-virus-variant-calling-genome-reconstruction-and-lineage-assignment</link>
	<title><![CDATA[UnCoVar: Workflow for Transparent and Robust Virus Variant Calling, Genome Reconstruction and Lineage Assignment]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>UnCoVar: Workflow for Transparent and Robust Virus Variant Calling, Genome Reconstruction and Lineage Assignment</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Using state of the art tools, easily extended for other viruses</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Tool and database updates for critical components via Conda</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Built using modern design patterns with Conda and Snakemake</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Extensible and easy to customize</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Submission Ready Genomes</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Customizable reporting with comprehensive visualization</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>https://ikim-essen.github.io/uncovar/</p>
<p>Github&nbsp;https://github.com/IKIM-Essen/uncovar</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://ikim-essen.github.io/uncovar/" rel="nofollow">https://ikim-essen.github.io/uncovar/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44766/genome-simulation-with-slim-and-msprime</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 31 Jan 2025 12:47:43 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44766/genome-simulation-with-slim-and-msprime</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Genome Simulation with SLiM and msprime]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Genome simulation is an essential tool in population genetics, enabling researchers to model evolutionary processes and study genetic variation. Two widely used simulation tools in this field are <strong style="font-size: 12.8px;">SLiM</strong><span style="font-size: 12.8px; font-weight: normal;"> and </span><strong style="font-size: 12.8px;">msprime</strong><span style="font-size: 12.8px; font-weight: normal;">. While both serve different purposes, they can be used together with the </span><strong style="font-size: 12.8px;">slendr</strong><span style="font-size: 12.8px; font-weight: normal;"> framework to compare simulation outputs effectively.</span></p><h2>Overview of SLiM and msprime</h2><h3>SLiM: Forward Genetic Simulator</h3><p>SLiM is a <strong>free, open-source</strong> tool designed for forward genetic simulations. It allows researchers to model complex evolutionary scenarios, including selection, recombination, and demographic events, making it particularly useful for studying adaptation and selection in populations.</p><p><strong>Key Features of SLiM:</strong></p><ul>
<li>
<p>Simulates population evolution forward in time</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Supports custom evolutionary models using an embedded scripting language</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Allows modeling of spatial and ecological dynamics</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Provides high flexibility and extensibility for user-defined scenarios</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Available on GitHub as an open-source project</p>
</li>
</ul><h3>msprime: Ancestry and Mutation Simulator</h3><p>msprime is an efficient, <strong>open-source</strong> tool that simulates ancestry and mutations using a coalescent framework. It is known for its high-speed performance and low memory requirements, making it a popular choice for large-scale genomic simulations.</p><p><strong>Key Features of msprime:</strong></p><ul>
<li>
<p>Implements coalescent simulations for ancestry modeling</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Efficiently simulates large population histories</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Supports the addition of mutations to genealogies</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Developed using an open-source community model</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Often faster and more memory-efficient than alternative simulators</p>
</li>
</ul><h2>Using SLiM and msprime with slendr</h2><p>Both SLiM and msprime can be integrated with <strong>slendr</strong>, a framework that facilitates structured population genetic simulations. This integration allows for seamless comparison of simulation outputs.</p><h3>How They Work Together:</h3><ul>
<li>
<p>SLiM and msprime simulations can be analyzed within slendr.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <strong>ts_read()</strong> function in slendr enables loading and comparing tree sequence outputs from both simulators.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>This integration allows researchers to validate simulation results and gain deeper insights into evolutionary processes.</p>
</li>
</ul><h2>Performance Considerations</h2><p>While SLiM offers powerful forward simulations with extensive customization, msprime is often preferred for its <strong>speed and memory efficiency</strong> when simulating ancestry and mutations. The choice between the two depends on the research goals:</p><ul>
<li>
<p><strong>For detailed evolutionary modeling with selection and recombination:</strong> Use SLiM.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>For large-scale coalescent simulations with mutations:</strong> Use msprime.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>For comparing different simulation models and their outputs:</strong> Use slendr to integrate SLiM and msprime results.</p>
</li>
</ul><h2>Conclusion</h2><p>SLiM and msprime are valuable tools for genome simulation, each serving distinct but complementary purposes in population genetics research. By leveraging the strengths of both simulators with slendr, researchers can conduct robust and efficient evolutionary simulations, enhancing our understanding of genetic diversity and adaptation.</p><p>For more information, check out the official GitHub repositories for <strong>SLiM</strong> and <strong>msprime</strong>, and explore the <strong>slendr</strong> framework for streamlined simulation workflow</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
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<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/view/13911/amino-acid-flash-tutorial</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 11 Aug 2014 08:58:17 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/view/13911/amino-acid-flash-tutorial</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Amino Acid Flash Tutorial]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Protein is a part of every cell in your body, and no other nutrient plays as many different roles in keeping you alive and healthy. Protein is the building block of our body, and amino acids are the main areas of interest. We have emphasized on all 20 amino acids in this documentary movie. This documentary has been developed that emphasize on chemical structure, chemical formula, IUPAC name and other detail information of all 20 amino acids with the voice, picture with interactive button. This will be helpful for the entire biology and bioinformatics student.</p><p>How to run?</p><p>You need to install flash player or open it with web browser ( I guess you have installed flash plugin) to play.</p><p>Comment below if you like it. Thanks</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
	<enclosure url="https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/download/13911" length="33435911" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" />
</item>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/26380/hicdat</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 12 Feb 2016 05:23:44 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/26380/hicdat</link>
	<title><![CDATA[HiCdat]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>HiCdat: a fast and easy-to-use Hi-C data analysis tool</p>
<p>HiCdat is easy-to-use and provides solutions starting from aligned reads up to in-depth analyses. Importantly, HiCdat is focussed on the analysis of larger structural features of chromosomes, their correlation to genomic and epigenomic features, and on comparative studies. It uses simple input and output formats and can therefore easily be integrated into existing workflows or combined with alternative tools.</p>
<p>More at http://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-015-0678-x</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/MWSchmid/HiCdat" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/MWSchmid/HiCdat</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/28200/machine-learning</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jul 2016 12:57:12 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/28200/machine-learning</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Machine Learning !!!]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>In machine learning, computers apply&nbsp;<strong>statistical learning</strong>&nbsp;techniques to automatically identify patterns in data. These techniques can be used to make highly accurate predictions.</p>
<p><em>Keep scrolling.</em>&nbsp;Using a data set about homes, we will create a machine learning model to distinguish homes in New York from homes in San Francisco.</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://www.r2d3.us/visual-intro-to-machine-learning-part-1/" rel="nofollow">http://www.r2d3.us/visual-intro-to-machine-learning-part-1/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Gudiya Pal</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/28417/wisescaffolder</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 13 Jul 2016 08:08:57 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/28417/wisescaffolder</link>
	<title><![CDATA[WiseScaffolder]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Function</p>
<p>WiseScaffolder is a stand-alone semi-automatic application for genome scaffolding of pre-assembled contigs using mate-pair data. It also produces editable scaffold maps, allowing either to build gapped scaffolds or usable as a common thread for the manual improvement of scaffolds.</p>
<p>Description&nbsp;</p>
<p>WiseScaffolder includes 4 subcommands: dumpconfig generates a configuration file that notably specifies the average insert size of the mate-pair library preprocess allows the detection and correction of chimerae, the estimation of contigs copy number and produces valuable outputs for the manual improvement of scaffolds scaffold constitutes the central scaffold-builder and comprises two modules:</p>
<p>i) the interative_scaffold_extender, which works with big, unambiguous contigs, or when they run out, single copy contigs, and</p>
<p>ii) the small_contig_inserter, which inserts the small contigs within scaffolds buildfasta converts the scaffold(s) map(s) into Fasta sequences.</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://abims.sb-roscoff.fr/wisescaffolder" rel="nofollow">http://abims.sb-roscoff.fr/wisescaffolder</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Poonam Mahapatra</dc:creator>
</item>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/view/29638/r-graphical-cookbook-by-winston-chang</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 04 Nov 2016 12:50:30 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/view/29638/r-graphical-cookbook-by-winston-chang</link>
	<title><![CDATA[R Graphical Cookbook by Winston Chang]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>R Graphical Cookbook by Winston Chang</p><p>A very nice book by Winston Chang for R ethusiast. The R code presented in these pages is the R code actually used to produce the Figures in the book. There will be differences compared to the code chunks shown in the text of the book, but in most cases the differences will be that these pages contain additional code to lay out multiple plots on a single "page".</p><p>The code presented for each figure is self-contained, i.e., all code required to produce the figure is included. This means that there is sometimes considerable overlap of code between several figures  In some cases, it may be necessary to install an add-on package from CRAN to get the code to run.</p><p>More books at http://www.e-reading.club/bookreader.php/137370/C486x_APPb.pdf</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhimanyu Singh</dc:creator>
	<enclosure url="https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/download/29638" length="37521" type="image/png" />
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/29658/bookmarks-biostatistics-materials-and-books</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 08 Nov 2016 07:42:42 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/29658/bookmarks-biostatistics-materials-and-books</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Bookmarks Biostatistics materials and books]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Biostatistics did not spring fully formed from the brow of R. A. Fisher, but evolved over many years. This process is continuing, although it may not be obvious from the outside. It has been ten years since the first edition of this book appeared (and rather longer since it was begun). Over this time, new areas of biostatistics have been developed and emphases and interpretations have changed</p>
<p>Please bookmarks your favourate biostatistics&nbsp;books in commend sectons ...</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://www.cos.ufrj.br/~bioestatistica/livros/Introduction%20to%20Biostatistics.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.cos.ufrj.br/~bioestatistica/livros/Introduction%20to%20Biostatistics.pdf</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
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