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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/42693?offset=40</link>
	<atom:link href="https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/42693?offset=40" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<description><![CDATA[]]></description>
	
	<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/30831/fsa-fast-statistical-alignment</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 06 Feb 2017 04:26:01 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/30831/fsa-fast-statistical-alignment</link>
	<title><![CDATA[FSA: Fast Statistical Alignment]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>FSA is a probabilistic multiple sequence alignment algorithm which uses a "distance-based" approach to aligning homologous protein, RNA or DNA sequences. Much as distance-based phylogenetic reconstruction methods like Neighbor-Joining build a phylogeny using only pairwise divergence estimates, FSA builds a multiple alignment using only pairwise estimations of homology. This is made possible by the sequence annealing technique for constructing a multiple alignment from pairwise comparisons, developed by Ariel Schwartz in&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2007/EECS-2007-39.html">"Posterior Decoding Methods for Optimization and Control of Multiple Alignments</a><span>."</span></p>
<p>FSA brings the high accuracies previously available only for small-scale analyses of proteins or RNAs to large-scale problems such as aligning thousands of sequences or megabase-long sequences. FSA introduces several novel methods for constructing better alignments:</p>
<ul>
<li>FSA uses machine-learning techniques to estimate gap and substitution parameters on the fly for each set of input sequences. This "query-specific learning" alignment method makes FSA very robust: it can produce superior alignments of sets of homologous sequences which are subject to very different evolutionary constraints.</li>
<li>FSA is capable of aligning hundreds or even thousands of sequences using a randomized inference algorithm to reduce the computational cost of multiple alignment. This randomized inference can be over ten times faster than a direct approach with little loss of accuracy.</li>
<li>FSA can quickly align very long sequences using the "anchor annealing" technique for resolving anchors and projecting them with transitive anchoring. It then stitches together the alignment between the anchors using the methods described above.</li>
<li>The included GUI, MAD (Multiple Alignment Display), can display the intermediate alignments produced by FSA, where each character is colored according to the probability that it is correctly aligned (see the picture and&nbsp;<a href="http://fsa.sourceforge.net/images/Suchard_SIV.fsa.mov">movie</a>&nbsp;at the top of the page).</li>
</ul>
<p><span>You can see more information on the&nbsp;</span><a href="http://fsa.sourceforge.net/FAQ.html">FAQ</a><span>.&nbsp;</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://fsa.sourceforge.net/" rel="nofollow">http://fsa.sourceforge.net/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/32465/tetra-nucleotide-analysis</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 04 May 2017 05:07:41 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/32465/tetra-nucleotide-analysis</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Tetra-Nucleotide Analysis]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>A tetra-nucleotide is a fragment of DNA sequence with 4 bases (e.g. AGTC or TTGG). Pride&nbsp;<em>et al.</em>&nbsp;(2003) showed that the frequency of tetra-nucleotides in bacterial genomes contain useful, albeit weak, phylogenetic signals. Even though tetra-nucleotide analysis (TNA) utilizes the information of whole genome, it is evident that it cannot replace other alignment-based phylogenetic methods such as&nbsp;<a href="https://chunlab.wordpress.com/orthoani/">OrthoANI</a>&nbsp;or&nbsp;16S rRNA phylogeny. However, TNA can be useful for&nbsp;phylogenetic characterization when whole genome or 16S rRNA gene information is not available. For example, a partial genomic fragment obtained from a metagenome can be identified by TNA (Teeling&nbsp;<em>et al.</em>, 2004). TNA is also fast enough that it can be&nbsp;used&nbsp;as a search engine against a large genome database.</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://chunlab.wordpress.com/tetra-nucleotide-analysis/" rel="nofollow">https://chunlab.wordpress.com/tetra-nucleotide-analysis/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34386/slidesort-bpr</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 20 Nov 2017 09:19:52 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34386/slidesort-bpr</link>
	<title><![CDATA[SLIDESORT-BPR]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Chromosomal rearrangement events are caused by abnormal breaking and rejoining of DNA molecules. They are responsible for many of the cancer related diseases. Detecting the DNA breaking and repairing mechanism, therefore, may offer vital clues about the pathologic causes and diagnostic/therapeutic target of these diseases. But this effort also poses considerable challenges, because the structural variations and the genomes are different from one person to another. Intermediate comparison via reference genome could lead to the loss information. Unlike the current methods which make use the reference genome, we developed a method to detect the breakpoint reads directly from observing the differences between two (or more) NGS short reads samples. Slidesort-BPR is a command line tool implemented in C++.</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/ewijaya/slidesort-bpr" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/ewijaya/slidesort-bpr</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhimanyu Singh</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34914/ra-assembler-a-de-novo-dna-assembler-for-third-generation-sequencing-data</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 27 Dec 2017 20:36:54 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34914/ra-assembler-a-de-novo-dna-assembler-for-third-generation-sequencing-data</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Ra assembler - a de novo DNA assembler for third generation sequencing data]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Integration of the Ra assembler - a de novo DNA assembler for third generation sequencing data developed on Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing (FER), Ruder Boskovic Institute (RBI) and Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS).</p>
<p>Ra is in development since 2014 in the form of several separate components that used to be run individually.<br>This project aims to ease the usage of Ra by integrating it into a complete de novo assembly tool.</p>
<p>Unlike other state-of-the-art assemblers,&nbsp;<span>Ra does not have an error correction step.</span>&nbsp;Instead, it relies on detecting overlaps using a very sensitive and specific overlapper ("graphmap -w owler",&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/isovic/graphmap">https://github.com/isovic/graphmap</a>) and constructing and reducing an overlap graph (Ra layout,&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/mariokostelac/ra">https://github.com/mariokostelac/ra</a>).</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/mariokostelac/ra-integrate/" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/mariokostelac/ra-integrate/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>biogeek</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/36607/tarean-a-computational-tool-for-identification-and-characterization-of-satellite-dna-from-unassembled-short-reads</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 15 May 2018 02:53:11 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/36607/tarean-a-computational-tool-for-identification-and-characterization-of-satellite-dna-from-unassembled-short-reads</link>
	<title><![CDATA[TAREAN: A computational tool for identification and characterization of satellite DNA from unassembled short reads]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><strong>TA</strong>ndem&nbsp;<strong>RE</strong>peat&nbsp;<strong>AN</strong>alyzer -TAREAN &ndash; is a computational pipeline for&nbsp;<strong>unsupervised identification of satellite repeats</strong>&nbsp;from unassembled sequence reads. The pipeline uses low-pass whole genome sequence reads and performs their graph-based clustering. Resulting clusters, representing all types of repeats, are then examined for the presence of circular structures and putative satellite repeats are reported.</p>
<p><em><strong>How to use TAREAN</strong></em>:</p>
<ul>
<li>Install a local instance of the pipeline using its source code available from&nbsp;<a href="https://bitbucket.org/petrnovak/repex_tarean" target="_blank" title="TAREAN source code">bitbucket repository</a>.</li>
<li>Use&nbsp; public Galaxy-based server at&nbsp;<a href="https://repeatexplorer-elixir.cerit-sc.cz/" target="_blank">https://repeatexplorer-elixir.cerit-sc.cz/</a>. The server is provided in frame of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.elixir-czech.cz/" target="_blank">Elixir CZ project</a>&nbsp;and is maintained by&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cesnet.cz/" target="_blank">CESNET</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cerit-sc.cz/en/index.html" target="_blank">CERIT-SC</a>. Simple registration is required to use this service.</li>
</ul>
<p>Development of TAREAN was supported by&nbsp;<a href="https://www.elixir-czech.cz/" target="_blank" title="ELIXIR-CZ">ELIXIR CZ</a>&nbsp;research infrastructure project (MEYS Grant No: LM2015047).</p>
<p><strong><em>References</em></strong></p>
<p>Novak, P., Avila Robledillo, L., Koblizkova, A., Vrbova, I., Neumann, P., Macas, J. (2017) &ndash;&nbsp;<a href="https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/3574061/" target="_blank">TAREAN: a computational tool for identification and characterization of satellite DNA from unassembled short reads</a>.&nbsp;<em>Nucleic Acids Res.</em>, doi:10.1093/nar/gkx257</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://bitbucket.org/petrnovak/repex_tarean" rel="nofollow">https://bitbucket.org/petrnovak/repex_tarean</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Surabhi Chaudhary</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/37987/ropebwt2-incremental-construction-of-fm-index-for-dna-sequences</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 25 Oct 2018 04:48:54 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/37987/ropebwt2-incremental-construction-of-fm-index-for-dna-sequences</link>
	<title><![CDATA[RopeBWT2: Incremental construction of FM-index for DNA sequences]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>RopeBWT2 is an tool for constructing the FM-index for a collection of DNA sequences. It works by incrementally inserting one or multiple sequences into an existing pseudo-BWT position by position, starting from the end of the sequences. This algorithm can be largely considered a mixture of&nbsp;</span><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21458-5_20">BCR</a><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><a href="http://dfmi.sourceforge.net/">dynamic FM-index</a><span>. Nonetheless, ropeBWT2 is unique in that it may&nbsp;</span><em>implicitly</em><span>sort the input into reverse lexicographical order (RLO) or reverse-complement lexicographical order (RCLO) while building the index.</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/lh3/ropebwt2" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/lh3/ropebwt2</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/40611/deepvariant-an-analysis-pipeline-that-uses-a-deep-neural-network-to-call-genetic-variants-from-next-generation-dna-sequencing-data</guid>
	<pubDate>Sat, 25 Jan 2020 13:28:09 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/40611/deepvariant-an-analysis-pipeline-that-uses-a-deep-neural-network-to-call-genetic-variants-from-next-generation-dna-sequencing-data</link>
	<title><![CDATA[DeepVariant : an analysis pipeline that uses a deep neural network to call genetic variants from next-generation DNA sequencing data.]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>DeepVariant is an analysis pipeline that uses a deep neural network to call genetic variants from next-generation DNA sequencing data.</span></p>
<p><span><span>DeepVariant is an analysis pipeline that uses a deep neural network to call genetic variants from next-generation DNA sequencing data. DeepVariant relies on&nbsp;</span><a href="https://github.com/google/nucleus">Nucleus</a><span>, a library of Python and C++ code for reading and writing data in common genomics file formats (like SAM and VCF) designed for painless integration with the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.tensorflow.org/">TensorFlow</a><span>&nbsp;machine learning framework.</span></span></p>
<p><span><a href="https://ai.googleblog.com/2017/12/deepvariant-highly-accurate-genomes.html">https://ai.googleblog.com/2017/12/deepvariant-highly-accurate-genomes.html</a></span></p>
<p><span><a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/092890v6">https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/092890v6</a></span></p>
<p><span><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2KlXZO60sWE/WiGc8qlZfxI/AAAAAAAACOs/s1pNiKI8jsAvJLr1E_po5udDO8eObm_awCLcBGAs/s640/image3.png" width="640" height="427" alt="image" style="border: 0px;"></span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/google/deepvariant" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/google/deepvariant</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44227/common-methods-to-discover-tandem-repeats</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 09 Mar 2023 02:40:52 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44227/common-methods-to-discover-tandem-repeats</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Common methods to discover tandem repeats]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p>Tandem repeats are DNA sequences that are repeated in a contiguous manner in the genome. These sequences are often used as genetic markers and are important in many areas of genetics and genomics research. Here are some methods for discovering tandem repeats in genomes:</p><ol>
<li>
<p>Tandem Repeat Finder: Tandem Repeat Finder is a software tool that identifies tandem repeats in DNA sequences. It is available for free download and can be used on both nucleotide and protein sequences. The tool uses a statistical algorithm to identify repeats based on their length, copy number, and overall composition.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>RepeatMasker: RepeatMasker is another software tool that can identify tandem repeats in DNA sequences. It works by comparing the input sequence to a database of known repeats and then identifies any tandem repeats that match those in the database.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>PCR-based methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to amplify and detect tandem repeats in genomic DNA. PCR primers are designed to flank the tandem repeat region, and amplification of the target DNA fragment can be visualized on a gel. This method can be useful for detecting novel tandem repeats and for genotyping.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Southern blotting: Southern blotting is a classic method for detecting DNA fragments in a sample. It can be used to detect tandem repeats by digesting genomic DNA with a restriction enzyme, separating the fragments by gel electrophoresis, and then probing the blot with a tandem repeat-specific probe.</p>
</li>
</ol><p>Overall, a combination of these methods can be used to comprehensively identify tandem repeats in genomes.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/36994/minimap2-a-versatile-pairwise-aligner-for-genomic-and-spliced-nucleotide-sequences</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 20 Jun 2018 07:55:29 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/36994/minimap2-a-versatile-pairwise-aligner-for-genomic-and-spliced-nucleotide-sequences</link>
	<title><![CDATA[minimap2: A versatile pairwise aligner for genomic and spliced nucleotide sequences]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[git clone https://github.com/lh3/minimap2
cd minimap2 &amp;&amp; make
# long sequences against a reference genome
./minimap2 -a test/MT-human.fa test/MT-orang.fa &gt; test.sam
# create an index first and then map
./minimap2 -d MT-human.mmi test/MT-human.fa
./minimap2 -a MT-human.mmi test/MT-orang.fa &gt; test.sam
# use presets (no test data)
./minimap2 -ax map-pb ref.fa pacbio.fq.gz &gt; aln.sam       # PacBio genomic reads
./minimap2 -ax map-ont ref.fa ont.fq.gz &gt; aln.sam         # Oxford Nanopore genomic reads
./minimap2 -ax sr ref.fa read1.fa read2.fa &gt; aln.sam      # short genomic paired-end reads
./minimap2 -ax splice ref.fa rna-reads.fa &gt; aln.sam       # spliced long reads
./minimap2 -ax splice -k14 -uf ref.fa reads.fa &gt; aln.sam  # Nanopore Direct RNA-seq
./minimap2 -cx asm5 asm1.fa asm2.fa &gt; aln.paf             # intra-species asm-to-asm alignment
./minimap2 -x ava-pb reads.fa reads.fa &gt; overlaps.paf     # PacBio read overlap
./minimap2 -x ava-ont reads.fa reads.fa &gt; overlaps.paf    # Nanopore read overlap
# man page for detailed command line options
man ./minimap2.1<p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/lh3/minimap2" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/lh3/minimap2</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/43656/special-nucleotide-characters-symbols</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 16 Dec 2021 23:37:33 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/43656/special-nucleotide-characters-symbols</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Special Nucleotide Characters / Symbols !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<h2 style="text-align: center;">Nucleotide symbols</h2><table style="margin: auto;" width="95%" border="1" cellpadding="5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center">Nucleotide symbol</td>
<td align="center">Full Name</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">A</td>
<td align="center">Adenine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">C</td>
<td align="center">Cytosine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">G</td>
<td align="center">Guanine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">T</td>
<td align="center">Thymine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">U</td>
<td align="center">Uracil</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">R</td>
<td align="center">Guanine / Adenine (purine)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">Y</td>
<td align="center">Cytosine / Thymine (pyrimidine)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">K</td>
<td align="center">Guanine / Thymine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">M</td>
<td align="center">Adenine / Cytosine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">S</td>
<td align="center">Guanine / Cytosine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">W</td>
<td align="center">Adenine / Thymine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">B</td>
<td align="center">Guanine / Thymine / Cytosine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">D</td>
<td align="center">Guanine / Adenine / Thymine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">H</td>
<td align="center">Adenine / Cytosine / Thymine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">V</td>
<td align="center">Guanine / Cytosine / Adenine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">N</td>
<td align="center">Adenine / Guanine / Cytosine / Thymine</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhi</dc:creator>
</item>

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