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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/42923?offset=160</link>
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	<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/38702/quick-tour-of-genetic-algorithms</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 17 Jan 2019 03:42:48 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/38702/quick-tour-of-genetic-algorithms</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Quick tour of Genetic Algorithms !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>The R package&nbsp;</span><strong>GA</strong><span>&nbsp;provides a collection of general purpose functions for optimization using genetic algorithms. The package includes a flexible set of tools for implementing genetic algorithms search in both the continuous and discrete case, whether constrained or not. Users can easily define their own objective function depending on the problem at hand.&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span>https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GA/vignettes/GA.html</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GA/vignettes/GA.html" rel="nofollow">https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GA/vignettes/GA.html</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/36817/kwip-the-k-mer-weighted-inner-product-a-de-novo-estimator-of-genetic-similarity</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 29 May 2018 08:37:53 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/36817/kwip-the-k-mer-weighted-inner-product-a-de-novo-estimator-of-genetic-similarity</link>
	<title><![CDATA[kWIP: The k-mer weighted inner product, a de novo estimator of genetic similarity]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>The k-mer Weighted Inner Product.</p>
<p>This software implements a <em>de novo</em>, <em>alignment free</em> measure of sample genetic dissimilarity which operates upon raw sequencing reads. It is able to calculate the genetic dissimilarity between samples without any reference genome, and without assembling one.</p>
<p> </p>

De novo estimates of genetic relatedness from next-gen sequencing data https://kwip.readthedocs.org<p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/kdmurray91/kwip" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/kdmurray91/kwip</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/4590/tigers-genome-sequenced</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 17 Sep 2013 16:48:24 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/news/view/4590/tigers-genome-sequenced</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Tigers genome sequenced]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Fifteen scientists led by Dr Jong Bhak of Genome Research Foundation, South Korea, decoded as many as 3 billion nucleotides (organic molecules that form the basic building blocks of nucleic acids, such as DNA). They identified 20,000 genes related to various functions of the tiger.&nbsp;</p><p>The biggest and perhaps most fearsome of the world's big cats, the tiger, shares 95.6 percent of its DNA with humans' cute and furry companions, domestic cats.</p><p>The new research showed that big cats have genetic mutations that enabled them to be carnivores. The team also identified mutations that allow snow leopards to thrive at high altitudes.</p><p>Reference:</p><p><a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/science/your-cat-ferocious-tigers-share-lot-95-6-percent-their-4B11182690">http://www.nbcnews.com/science/your-cat-ferocious-tigers-share-lot-95-6-percent-their-4B11182690</a></p><p><a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Gene-mapping-of-tiger-completed/articleshow/22671681.cms">http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Gene-mapping-of-tiger-completed/articleshow/22671681.cms</a></p><p>Paper:</p><p><a href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html">http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130917/ncomms3433/full/ncomms3433.html</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Agarwal</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34443/opera-an-optimal-genome-scaffolding-program</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 27 Nov 2017 10:18:20 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34443/opera-an-optimal-genome-scaffolding-program</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Opera: An optimal genome scaffolding program]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>Opera (Optimal Paired-End Read Assembler) is a sequence assembly program (</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_assembly" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_assembly&nbsp;<img src="https://a.fsdn.com/con/img/icons/external_asset.png" alt="image" style="border: 0px;"></a><span>). It uses information from paired-end or long reads to optimally order and orient contigs assembled from shotgun-sequencing reads.</span><br><br><span>An updated version called OPERA-LG has been re-engineered with features for the assembly of large and complex genomes.</span><br><br><span>Song Gao, Denis Bertrand, Burton K. H. Chia and Niranjan Nagarajan. OPERA-LG: efficient and exact scaffolding of large, repeat-rich eukaryotic genomes with performance guarantees. Genome Biology, May 2016, doi: 10.1186/s13059-016-0951-y.</span><br><br><span>Song Gao, Wing-Kin Sung, Niranjan Nagarajan. Opera: reconstructing optimal genomic scaffolds with high-throughput paired-end sequences. Journal of Computational Biology, Sept. 2011, doi:10.1089/cmb.2011.0170.</span></p>
<p><span>https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-016-0951-y</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/operasf/" rel="nofollow">https://sourceforge.net/projects/operasf/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/34418/spades-hybrid-genome-assembly</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 27 Nov 2017 08:05:40 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/34418/spades-hybrid-genome-assembly</link>
	<title><![CDATA[SPAdes hybrid genome assembly]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>When you have both Illumina and Nanopore data, then SPAdes remains a good option for hybrid assembly - SPAdes was used to produce the&nbsp;<a href="https://gigascience.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13742-015-0101-6">B fragilis assembly</a>&nbsp;by Mick Watson&rsquo;s group.</p><p>Again, running spades.py will show you the options:</p><div><pre><code>spades.py
</code></pre></div><p>This produces:</p><div><pre><code>SPAdes genome assembler v3.10.1

Usage: /usr/local/SPAdes-3.10.1-Linux/bin/spades.py [options] -o &lt;output_dir&gt;

Basic options:
-o      &lt;output_dir&gt;    directory to store all the resulting files (required)
--sc                    this flag is required for MDA (single-cell) data
--meta                  this flag is required for metagenomic sample data
--rna                   this flag is required for RNA-Seq data
--plasmid               runs plasmidSPAdes pipeline for plasmid detection
--iontorrent            this flag is required for IonTorrent data
--test                  runs SPAdes on toy dataset
-h/--help               prints this usage message
-v/--version            prints version

Input data:
--12    &lt;filename&gt;      file with interlaced forward and reverse paired-end reads
-1      &lt;filename&gt;      file with forward paired-end reads
-2      &lt;filename&gt;      file with reverse paired-end reads
-s      &lt;filename&gt;      file with unpaired reads
--pe&lt;#&gt;-12      &lt;filename&gt;      file with interlaced reads for paired-end library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--pe&lt;#&gt;-1       &lt;filename&gt;      file with forward reads for paired-end library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--pe&lt;#&gt;-2       &lt;filename&gt;      file with reverse reads for paired-end library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--pe&lt;#&gt;-s       &lt;filename&gt;      file with unpaired reads for paired-end library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--pe&lt;#&gt;-&lt;or&gt;    orientation of reads for paired-end library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9; &lt;or&gt; = fr, rf, ff)
--s&lt;#&gt;          &lt;filename&gt;      file with unpaired reads for single reads library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--mp&lt;#&gt;-12      &lt;filename&gt;      file with interlaced reads for mate-pair library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--mp&lt;#&gt;-1       &lt;filename&gt;      file with forward reads for mate-pair library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--mp&lt;#&gt;-2       &lt;filename&gt;      file with reverse reads for mate-pair library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--mp&lt;#&gt;-s       &lt;filename&gt;      file with unpaired reads for mate-pair library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--mp&lt;#&gt;-&lt;or&gt;    orientation of reads for mate-pair library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9; &lt;or&gt; = fr, rf, ff)
--hqmp&lt;#&gt;-12    &lt;filename&gt;      file with interlaced reads for high-quality mate-pair library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--hqmp&lt;#&gt;-1     &lt;filename&gt;      file with forward reads for high-quality mate-pair library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--hqmp&lt;#&gt;-2     &lt;filename&gt;      file with reverse reads for high-quality mate-pair library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--hqmp&lt;#&gt;-s     &lt;filename&gt;      file with unpaired reads for high-quality mate-pair library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--hqmp&lt;#&gt;-&lt;or&gt;  orientation of reads for high-quality mate-pair library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9; &lt;or&gt; = fr, rf, ff)
--nxmate&lt;#&gt;-1   &lt;filename&gt;      file with forward reads for Lucigen NxMate library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--nxmate&lt;#&gt;-2   &lt;filename&gt;      file with reverse reads for Lucigen NxMate library number &lt;#&gt; (&lt;#&gt; = 1,2,..,9)
--sanger        &lt;filename&gt;      file with Sanger reads
--pacbio        &lt;filename&gt;      file with PacBio reads
--nanopore      &lt;filename&gt;      file with Nanopore reads
--tslr  &lt;filename&gt;      file with TSLR-contigs
--trusted-contigs       &lt;filename&gt;      file with trusted contigs
--untrusted-contigs     &lt;filename&gt;      file with untrusted contigs

Pipeline options:
--only-error-correction runs only read error correction (without assembling)
--only-assembler        runs only assembling (without read error correction)
--careful               tries to reduce number of mismatches and short indels
--continue              continue run from the last available check-point
--restart-from  &lt;cp&gt;    restart run with updated options and from the specified check-point ('ec', 'as', 'k&lt;int&gt;', 'mc')
--disable-gzip-output   forces error correction not to compress the corrected reads
--disable-rr            disables repeat resolution stage of assembling

Advanced options:
--dataset       &lt;filename&gt;      file with dataset description in YAML format
-t/--threads    &lt;int&gt;           number of threads
                                [default: 16]
-m/--memory     &lt;int&gt;           RAM limit for SPAdes in Gb (terminates if exceeded)
                                [default: 250]
--tmp-dir       &lt;dirname&gt;       directory for temporary files
                                [default: &lt;output_dir&gt;/tmp]
-k              &lt;int,int,...&gt;   comma-separated list of k-mer sizes (must be odd and
                                less than 128) [default: 'auto']
--cov-cutoff    &lt;float&gt;         coverage cutoff value (a positive float number, or 'auto', or 'off') [default: 'off']
--phred-offset  &lt;33 or 64&gt;      PHRED quality offset in the input reads (33 or 64)
                                [default: auto-detect]
</code></pre></div><p>As you can see this is also a &ldquo;pipeline&rdquo; of tools that can be switched on or off. SPAdes takes quite a long time, so for the purposes of this practical, something like this may suffice:</p><div><pre><code>spades.py -t 4 <span>\</span>
          -m 32 <span>\</span>
          -k 31,51,71 <span>\</span>
          --only-assembler <span>\</span>
          -1 miseq.1.fastq -2 miseq.2.fastq <span>\</span>
          --nanopore minion.fastq <span>\</span>
          -o hybrid_assembly
</code></pre></div><p>In turn, these parameters mean</p><ul>
<li>use 4 threads</li>
<li>max memory is 32Gb</li>
<li>use 3 kmer values to build the de bruijn graph(s) - 31, 51 and 71</li>
<li>only run the assembler, not the correction algorithm (for speed)</li>
<li>read 1 and read 2 of the MiSeq data</li>
<li>the nanopore data</li>
<li>put the output in folder &ldquo;hybrid_assembly&rdquo;</li>
</ul>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34528/cope-an-accurate-k-mer-based-pair-end-reads-connection-tool-to-facilitate-genome-assembly</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 06 Dec 2017 02:08:14 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34528/cope-an-accurate-k-mer-based-pair-end-reads-connection-tool-to-facilitate-genome-assembly</link>
	<title><![CDATA[COPE: an accurate k-mer-based pair-end reads connection tool to facilitate genome assembly]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>An efficient tool called Connecting Overlapped Pair-End (COPE) reads, to connect overlapping pair-end reads using k-mer frequencies. We evaluated our tool on 30&times; simulated pair-end reads from Arabidopsis thaliana with 1% base error. COPE connected over 99% of reads with 98.8% accuracy, which is, respectively, 10 and 2% higher than the recently published tool FLASH. When COPE is applied to real reads for genome assembly, the resulting contigs are found to have fewer errors and give a 14-fold improvement in the N50 measurement when compared with the contigs produced using unconnected reads.</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="ftp://ftp.genomics.org.cn/pub/cope" rel="nofollow">ftp://ftp.genomics.org.cn/pub/cope</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34620/mash-fast-genome-and-metagenome-distance-estimation-using-minhash</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 12 Dec 2017 17:30:12 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34620/mash-fast-genome-and-metagenome-distance-estimation-using-minhash</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Mash: fast genome and metagenome distance estimation using MinHash]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Mash is normally distributed as a dependency-free binary for Linux or OSX (see&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/marbl/Mash/releases">https://github.com/marbl/Mash/releases</a>). This source distribution is intended for other operating systems or for development. Mash requires c++11 to build, which is available in and GCC &gt;= 4.8 and OSX &gt;= 10.7.</p>
<p>See&nbsp;<a href="http://mash.readthedocs.org/">http://mash.readthedocs.org</a>&nbsp;for more information.</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/marbl/Mash/releases" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/marbl/Mash/releases</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/35131/giggle-a-search-engine-for-large-scale-integrated-genome-analysis</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 10 Jan 2018 03:10:45 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/35131/giggle-a-search-engine-for-large-scale-integrated-genome-analysis</link>
	<title><![CDATA[GIGGLE: a search engine for large-scale integrated genome analysis]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>GIGGLE is a genomics search engine that identifies and ranks the significance of genomic loci shared between query features and thousands of genome interval files. GIGGLE (</span><a href="https://github.com/ryanlayer/giggle">https://github.com/ryanlayer/giggle</a><span>) scales to billions of intervals and is over three orders of magnitude faster than existing methods. Its speed extends the accessibility and utility of resources such as ENCODE, Roadmap Epigenomics, and GTEx by facilitating data integration and hypothesis generation.</span></p>
<p>https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.4556</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/ryanlayer/giggle" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/ryanlayer/giggle</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/35432/mummer4-a-fast-and-versatile-genome-alignment-system</guid>
	<pubDate>Sat, 03 Feb 2018 04:59:17 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/35432/mummer4-a-fast-and-versatile-genome-alignment-system</link>
	<title><![CDATA[MUMmer4: A fast and versatile genome alignment system]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>MUMmer4, a substantially improved version of MUMmer that addresses genome size constraints by changing the 32-bit suffix tree data structure at the core of MUMmer to a 48-bit suffix array, and that offers improved speed through parallel processing of input query sequences. With a theoretical limit on the input size of 141Tbp, MUMmer4 can now work with input sequences of any biologically realistic length. We show that as a result of these enhancements, the&nbsp;</span><span>nucmer</span><span>&nbsp;program in MUMmer4 is easily able to handle alignments of large genomes;&nbsp;</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://mummer4.github.io/" rel="nofollow">https://mummer4.github.io/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/36218/g-compass-a-comparative-genome-browser</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 12 Apr 2018 10:00:27 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/36218/g-compass-a-comparative-genome-browser</link>
	<title><![CDATA[G-compass: a comparative genome browser]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>G-compass (</span><a href="http://www.h-invitational.jp/g-compass/" target="_top">http://www.h-invitational.jp/g-compass/</a><span>) is a comparative genome browser. It visualizes evolutionarily conserved genomic regions between human and other 12 vertebrates based on original genome alignments pursuing higher coverage (1,2). Annotations of human genes/transcripts and their ortholog information were derived from&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.h-invitational.jp/hinv/ahg-db/index.jsp" target="_top">H-InvDB</a><span>&nbsp;and its subdatabase&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.h-invitational.jp/evola/" target="_top">Evola</a><span>, respectively. G-compass is available for free of charge. [&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.h-invitational.jp/g-compass/cgi-bin/gc_main.cgi?species_1=Hg18&amp;species_2=pt2&amp;strand_1=%2B&amp;strand_2=%2B&amp;from_win=main&amp;gen_str=2&amp;chr_1=01&amp;chr_2=01&amp;st_1=103804298&amp;ed_1=104204297&amp;st_2=105235351&amp;ed_2=105635350" target="_top">Sample</a><span>&nbsp;]</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://www.h-invitational.jp/g-compass/" rel="nofollow">http://www.h-invitational.jp/g-compass/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>

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