<![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]> https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/43110?offset=250 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/4004/33rd-annual-convention-of-indian-association-for-cancer-research-from-13th-to-15th-february-2014 Tue, 27 Aug 2013 10:37:08 -0500 <![CDATA[33rd Annual Convention of Indian Association for Cancer Research from 13th to 15th February 2014]]> RGCB is organizing the 33rd Annual Convention of Indian Association for Cancer Research from 13th to 15th February 2014 with the theme "Discovery, Innovation and Translation in Cancer Research"

Kindly log on to conference website http://rgcb.res.in/IACR2014 for further details and timely updates and registration. We shall truly appreciate if the same be circulated among your friends, scholars and students encouraging them to participate in the meet.

http://210.212.237.38/iacrconference/

]]> https://bioinformaticsonline.com/videolist/watch/3917/the-story-of-you-encode-and-the-human-genome Sat, 24 Aug 2013 18:49:03 -0500 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/videolist/watch/3917/the-story-of-you-encode-and-the-human-genome <![CDATA[The Story of You: ENCODE and the human genome]]>

Ever since a monk called Mendel started breeding pea plants we've been learning about our genomes. In 1953, Watson, Crick and Franklin described the structure of the molecule that makes up our genomes: the DNA double helix. Then, in 2001, scientists wrote down the entire 3-billion letter code contained in the average human genome. Now they're trying to interpret that code; to work out how it's used to make different types of cells and different people. The ENCODE project, as it's called, is the latest chapter in the story of you. To read the ENCODE research papers and more, visit http://www.nature.com/ENCODE

]]> https://bioinformaticsonline.com/videolist/watch/4960/genome-epigenome-new-understanding-of-the-pathogens-in-your-food Fri, 27 Sep 2013 11:30:45 -0500 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/videolist/watch/4960/genome-epigenome-new-understanding-of-the-pathogens-in-your-food <![CDATA[Genome + Epigenome = New Understanding of the Pathogens in Your Food]]> UC Davis's Bart Weimer describes foodborne pathogens and their proclivity for rapid genome rearrangement. The 100K Pathogen Genome Project he leads is using PacBio long-read sequencing to close genomes and analyze methylation; Weimer reports that his team has already discovered new epigenetic modifications in Salmonella and Listeria with the technology. www.pacb.com/microbe]]> https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/view/8650/bioinformatician-duties-and-jobs Wed, 05 Mar 2014 14:32:26 -0600 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/view/8650/bioinformatician-duties-and-jobs <![CDATA[Bioinformatician duties and jobs !!!]]> Needle in a haystack ... ohh yes this is what bioinformatician do. We handle and analyse, Terabytes and Petabytes of genomic data on daily basis.

]]> Jitendra Narayan https://bioinformaticsonline.com/videolist/watch/11249/how-to-sequence-the-human-genome-mark-j-kiel Fri, 30 May 2014 13:24:11 -0500 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/videolist/watch/11249/how-to-sequence-the-human-genome-mark-j-kiel <![CDATA[How to sequence the human genome - Mark J. Kiel]]> View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-to-sequence-the-human-genome-mark-j-kiel Your genome, every human's genome, consists of a unique DNA sequence of A's, T's, C's and G's that tell your cells how to operate. Thanks to technological advances, scientists are now able to know the sequence of letters that makes up an individual genome relatively quickly and inexpensively. Mark J. Kiel takes an in-depth look at the science behind the sequence. Lesson by Mark J. Kiel, animation by Marc Christoforidis.]]> https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/14011/dynamic-chromosome-breakpoints Wed, 13 Aug 2014 18:38:10 -0500 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/14011/dynamic-chromosome-breakpoints <![CDATA[Dynamic chromosome breakpoints !!!]]> Cell division involves the distribution of identical genetic material, DNA, to two daughters’ cells. During this process, duplicated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) goes through a condensation and decondensation process. This is followed by nuclear envelope dissolution, mitotic spindle assembly, migration of the sister chromatid pairs to the metaphase plate, division and segregation of identical sets of chromosomes into daughter nuclei and nuclear envelope reformation.

The vital metaphase stage of cell division, when the sister chromatids migrated to the centre and lined up in a row, and pulled apart using attached microtubules in such a way that half the DNA ends up in each daughter cell. However, before the mitotic spindle‐mediated movement gets start and pulled DNA apart, the chromosomes are free to undergo recombination which involves the exchange of genetic material either between multiple chromosomes or between different regions of the same chromosome.

image

During recombination, the precise breakage of each strand, exchange between the strands, and sealing of the resulting recombined molecules happens. The “chromosomal breakpoints” refers to these places where they break. Mostly, this process occurs with a high degree of accuracy at high frequency in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. But occasionally this “break and sealing/ break and reattach” process goes wrong and the reattachment happens in the wrong place which usually create disaster (with few exceptions).These chromosome disaster or abnormalities involve the gain, loss or rearrangement of visible amounts of genetic material during cell division. These abnormalities are of two type, the first one is numerical abnormalities  where severe disorders are caused by the loss or gain of whole chromosomes, which affect the copy number of hundreds or even thousands of genes. The second are structural abnormalities which can be unbalanced or balanced. The former are similar to numerical abnormalities in that genetic material is either gained or lost. The natural defects in chromosome segregation are linked to cancer and several genetic diseases (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_genetic_disorders). Therefore, the enzymes involved in regulating cell division are still the attractive drug targets for many diseases.

 

 

image

 

Apart from certain chromosome abnormalities, these “crossing over” of segments of maternal and paternal chromosomes to form hybrid chromosomes have some evolutionary importance and considered as a driver of genetic variation. Moreover, the chromosome breakage in evolution is considered to be non-random in nature(http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.0020014). In addition the study of breakpoint regions and non-breakpoint (stable) regions of chromosomes indicates both the regions evolved in distinctly different ways ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675965/). These breakage may lead to genetic diseases or participate to chromosomal rearranmgnets and contributed in development of new species.

I will try to explain the genome hotspots/Evolutionary Breakpoint Regions(EBRs)/fragile regions/weak fragments/  in my next blog.

Software for recombination detection:

RAT http://cbr.jic.ac.uk/dicks/software/RAT/

Breakpointer https://github.com/ruping/Breakpointer

DRP http://web.cbio.uct.ac.za/~darren/rdp.html

RB-finder http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18707535

LDhat2.0 http://ldhat.sourceforge.net/LDhat2.0/instructions.shtml

Reference:

http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-recombination-514#

Image: Wikipedia , sciencelearn.org.nz

Recommended Articles:

http://www.friendshipcircle.org/blog/2012/05/22/13-chromosomal-disorders-youve-never-heard-of/

http://web.udl.es/usuaris/e4650869/docencia/segoncicle/genclin98/recursos_classe_%28pdf%29/revisionsPDF/chromosyndromes.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775595/table/T2/

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/chromosomal/

http://www.ncert.nic.in/html/learning_basket/biology/cc&cd.pdf

]]> Jitendra Narayan https://bioinformaticsonline.com/videolist/watch/19555/a-3d-map-of-the-human-genome Fri, 12 Dec 2014 22:27:55 -0600 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/videolist/watch/19555/a-3d-map-of-the-human-genome <![CDATA[A 3D Map of the Human Genome]]> Suhas Rao and Miriam Huntley (of the Aiden Lab) describe a 3D map of the human genome at kilobase resolution, revealing the principles of chromatin looping. Guest Origami Folding: Sarah Nyquist. Suhas S.P. Rao*, Miriam H. Huntley*, Neva C. Durand, Elena K. Stamenova, Ivan D. Bochkov, James T. Robinson, Adrian L. Sanborn, Ido Machol, Arina D. Omer, Eric S. Lander, Erez Lieberman Aiden. (2014). A 3D Map of the Human Genome at Kilobase Resolution Reveals Principles of Chromatin Looping. Cell.]]> https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/19636/google-genomics Thu, 18 Dec 2014 11:05:42 -0600 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/19636/google-genomics <![CDATA[Google Genomics]]>

  • Explore genetic variation interactively. Compare entire cohorts in seconds with SQL-like queries. Compute transition/transversion ratios, genome-wide association, allelic frequency and more.

  • Process big genomic data easily. Run batch analyses like principal component analysis and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium on as many samples as you like, in minutes or hours, with just a little code.

  • Use Google's infrastructure and big data expertise. Store one genome or a million using Google Genomics and take advantage of the same infrastructure that powers Search, Maps, YouTube, Gmail and Drive.

  • Support emerging global standards. Google Genomics is implementing the API defined by the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health for visualization, analysis and more. Compliant software can access Google Genomics, local servers, or any other implementation.

    • Address of the bookmark: https://cloud.google.com/genomics/

    ]]>     Tenzin Paul     https://bioinformaticsonline.com/researchlabs/view/26569/genome-stability-laboratory Mon, 07 Mar 2016 04:16:32 -0600 <![CDATA[Genome Stability Laboratory]]> The bakers yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an ideal model organism to understand mechanisms of meiotic chromosome segregation. In S. cerevisiae and in mammals, the majority of meiotic crossovers are formed through a highly conserved MSH4p-MSH5p, MLH1p-MLH3p dependent pathway. We are interested in charactering the role of these complexes in crossover formation and distribution among all homolog pairs. Errors in this process are linked to congenital birth defects in humans such as Down's syndrome.Our laboratory is also interested in understanding the effect of genetic background on mutation rate variation using S. cerevisiae as a model. These studies are relevant for understanding cancer progression, genome evolution and architecture. We use high- throughput genomic methods as well as classical genetics to achieve these aims.

    More at http://faculty.iisertvm.ac.in/~nishantkt/index.html

    ]]>         https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/26409/ucsc-genome-browser-and-blat-software Thu, 18 Feb 2016 03:18:57 -0600 https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/26409/ucsc-genome-browser-and-blat-software <![CDATA[UCSC Genome Browser and Blat software !]]> This directory contains Genome Browser and Blat application binaries built for standalone
    command-line use on various supported Linux and UNIX platforms. To determine which set of binaries
    to download, type "uname -a" on the command line to display your machine type. In most cases the
    usage statement for the application can be viewed by running the binary with no arguments.

    The UCSC Genome Browser and Blat software are free for academic, nonprofit, and personal use. A
    license is required for commercial download and installation of these binaries, with the exception
    of items built from the following source code directories, which are freely available for all uses:

     - kent/src/utils (includes big* tools)
     - kent/src/lib
     - kent/src/hg/autoSql
     - kent/src/hg/autoXml

    For information about commercial licensing of the Genome Browser software, see
    http://genome.ucsc.edu/license/. The Blat and In-Silico PCR software may be commercially
    licensed through Kent Informatics (http://www.kentinformatics.com).

    More at http://hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu/admin/exe/

    Address of the bookmark: http://hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu/admin/exe/

    ]]>     Jit