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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/36525/installing-bandage-on-ubunty</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 08 May 2018 08:03:21 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/36525/installing-bandage-on-ubunty</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Installing Bandage on Ubunty !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>The following instructions successfully build Bandage (https://github.com/rrwick/Bandage ) on a fresh installation of Ubuntu 14.04:</p><ol>
<li>Ensure the package lists are up-to-date:&nbsp;<code>sudo apt-get update</code></li>
<li>Install prerequisite packages:&nbsp;<code>sudo apt-get install build-essential git qtbase5-dev libqt5svg5-dev</code></li>
<li>Download the Bandage code from GitHub:&nbsp;<code>git clone https://github.com/rrwick/Bandage.git</code></li>
<li>Open a terminal in the Bandage directory.</li>
<li>Set the environment variable to specify that you will be using Qt 5, not Qt 4:&nbsp;<code>export QT_SELECT=5</code></li>
<li>Run qmake to generate a Makefile:&nbsp;<code>qmake</code></li>
<li>Build the program:&nbsp;<code>make</code></li>
<li><code>Bandage</code>&nbsp;should now be an executable file.</li>
<li>Optionally, copy the program into /usr/local/bin:&nbsp;<code>sudo make install</code>. The Bandage build directory can then be deleted.</li>
</ol><p>➜ Tools git:(master) ✗ sudo apt-get update<br />[sudo] password for urbe:&nbsp;<br />Hit:1 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/atom/ubuntu xenial InRelease<br />Get:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [107 kB]&nbsp;<br />Hit:3 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu xenial InRelease&nbsp;<br />Hit:4 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease&nbsp;<br />Get:5 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [109 kB]<br />Get:6 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [107 kB]&nbsp;<br />Get:7 https://cran.rstudio.com/bin/linux/ubuntu xenial/ InRelease [3.590 B]&nbsp;<br />Hit:8 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial InRelease&nbsp;<br />Ign:9 http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/sionescu/Debian ./ InRelease&nbsp;<br />Hit:10 http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/sionescu/Debian ./ Release&nbsp;<br />Get:11 http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk-xenial InRelease [6.372 B]<br />Get:12 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 Packages [484 kB]<br />Get:13 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main i386 Packages [433 kB]<br />Get:14 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main Translation-en [209 kB]<br />Get:15 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [67,5 kB]<br />Get:16 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [68,0 kB]&nbsp;<br />Get:17 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [107 kB]<br />Get:18 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [147 kB]<br />Get:19 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 Packages [769 kB]&nbsp;<br />Get:20 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main i386 Packages [710 kB]&nbsp;<br />Get:21 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main Translation-en [319 kB]<br />Get:22 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [319 kB]<br />Get:24 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main DEP-11 64x64 Icons [228 kB]&nbsp;<br />Get:25 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [246 kB]<br />Err:11 http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk-xenial InRelease&nbsp;<br />The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 6A030B21BA07F4FB<br />Get:26 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe DEP-11 64x64 Icons [331 kB]<br />Get:27 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/multiverse amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [5.964 B]<br />Get:28 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/main amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [3.328 B]<br />Get:29 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports/universe amd64 DEP-11 Metadata [5.088 B]<br />Fetched 4.779 kB in 2s (1.606 kB/s)&nbsp;<br />Reading package lists... Done<br />W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk-xenial InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 6A030B21BA07F4FB<br />W: Failed to fetch http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/dists/cloud-sdk-xenial/InRelease The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 6A030B21BA07F4FB<br />W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.<br />➜ Tools git:(master) ✗ sudo apt-get install build-essential git qtbase5-dev libqt5svg5-dev<br />Reading package lists... Done<br />Building dependency tree&nbsp;<br />Reading state information... Done<br />build-essential is already the newest version (12.1ubuntu2).<br />git is already the newest version (1:2.7.4-0ubuntu1.3).<br />The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:<br />bridge-utils containerd linux-headers-4.4.0-116 linux-headers-4.4.0-116-generic linux-headers-4.4.0-21 linux-headers-4.4.0-21-generic linux-image-4.4.0-116-generic linux-image-4.4.0-21-generic<br />linux-image-extra-4.4.0-116-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-21-generic linux-signed-image-4.4.0-116-generic runc ubuntu-fan<br />Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.<br />The following additional packages will be installed:<br />libdrm-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libgles2-mesa libgles2-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libmirclient-dev libmircommon-dev libmircookie-dev libmircookie2 libmircore-dev libprotobuf-dev libprotobuf9v5<br />libqt5concurrent5 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 libqt5gui5 libqt5network5 libqt5opengl5 libqt5opengl5-dev libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5svg5 libqt5test5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5xml5 libwayland-bin<br />libwayland-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-dri2-0-dev libxcb-dri3-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-present-dev libxcb-randr0 libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-render0-dev<br />libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-xkb1 libxdamage-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxkbcommon-x11-0 libxshmfence-dev libxxf86vm-dev mesa-common-dev qt5-qmake<br />qtbase5-dev-tools qttranslations5-l10n x11proto-damage-dev x11proto-dri2-dev x11proto-fixes-dev x11proto-gl-dev x11proto-xext-dev x11proto-xf86vidmode-dev<br />Suggested packages:<br />libqt5libqgtk2 qt5-image-formats-plugins qtwayland5 libxext-doc libmysqlclient-dev libpq-dev libsqlite3-dev unixodbc-dev<br />The following NEW packages will be installed:<br />libdrm-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libgles2-mesa libgles2-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libmirclient-dev libmircommon-dev libmircookie-dev libmircookie2 libmircore-dev libprotobuf-dev libprotobuf9v5<br />libqt5concurrent5 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 libqt5gui5 libqt5network5 libqt5opengl5 libqt5opengl5-dev libqt5printsupport5 libqt5sql5 libqt5sql5-sqlite libqt5svg5 libqt5svg5-dev libqt5test5 libqt5widgets5 libqt5xml5<br />libwayland-bin libwayland-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-dri2-0-dev libxcb-dri3-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-present-dev libxcb-randr0 libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0<br />libxcb-render0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-xkb1 libxdamage-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxkbcommon-x11-0 libxshmfence-dev libxxf86vm-dev mesa-common-dev<br />qt5-qmake qtbase5-dev qtbase5-dev-tools qttranslations5-l10n x11proto-damage-dev x11proto-dri2-dev x11proto-fixes-dev x11proto-gl-dev x11proto-xext-dev x11proto-xf86vidmode-dev<br />0 upgraded, 64 newly installed, 0 to remove and 11 not upgraded.<br />Need to get 15,2 MB of archives.<br />After this operation, 78,5 MB of additional disk space will be used.<br />Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y<br />Get:1 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5core5a amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [1.817 kB]<br />Get:2 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5dbus5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [175 kB]<br />Get:3 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5network5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [540 kB]<br />Get:4 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-icccm4 amd64 0.4.1-1ubuntu1 [10,4 kB]<br />Get:5 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-image0 amd64 0.4.0-1build1 [12,3 kB]<br />Get:6 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-keysyms1 amd64 0.4.0-1 [8.406 B]<br />Get:7 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-randr0 amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [14,4 kB]<br />Get:8 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-render-util0 amd64 0.3.9-1 [9.638 B]<br />Get:9 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-xkb1 amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [29,2 kB]<br />Get:10 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxkbcommon-x11-0 amd64 0.5.0-1ubuntu2 [13,5 kB]<br />Get:11 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5gui5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [2.290 kB]<br />Get:12 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5widgets5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [2.252 kB]<br />Get:13 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libqt5svg5 amd64 5.5.1-2build1 [128 kB]<br />Get:14 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libqt5svg5-dev amd64 5.5.1-2build1 [9.724 B]<br />Get:15 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libdrm-dev amd64 2.4.83-1~16.04.1 [229 kB]<br />Get:16 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 x11proto-dri2-dev all 2.8-2 [12,6 kB]<br />Get:17 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 x11proto-gl-dev all 1.4.17-1 [17,9 kB]<br />Get:18 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 x11proto-xext-dev all 7.3.0-1 [212 kB]<br />Get:19 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxext-dev amd64 2:1.3.3-1 [82,1 kB]<br />Get:20 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 x11proto-xf86vidmode-dev all 2.3.1-2 [6.116 B]<br />Get:21 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxxf86vm-dev amd64 1:1.1.4-1 [13,3 kB]<br />Get:22 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 x11proto-fixes-dev all 1:5.0-2ubuntu2 [14,2 kB]<br />Get:23 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxfixes-dev amd64 1:5.0.1-2 [10,9 kB]<br />Get:24 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 x11proto-damage-dev all 1:1.2.1-2 [8.286 B]<br />Get:25 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxdamage-dev amd64 1:1.1.4-2 [5.028 B]<br />Get:26 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-glx0-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [26,9 kB]<br />Get:27 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-dri2-0-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [8.384 B]<br />Get:28 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-dri3-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [5.752 B]<br />Get:29 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-render0-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [15,3 kB]<br />Get:30 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-randr0-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [18,2 kB]<br />Get:31 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-shape0-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [6.900 B]<br />Get:32 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-xfixes0-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [11,2 kB]<br />Get:33 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-sync-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [10,1 kB]<br />Get:34 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxcb-present-dev amd64 1.11.1-1ubuntu1 [6.618 B]<br />Get:35 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxshmfence-dev amd64 1.2-1 [3.676 B]<br />Get:36 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libx11-xcb-dev amd64 2:1.6.3-1ubuntu2 [9.730 B]<br />Get:37 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libwayland-bin amd64 1.12.0-1~ubuntu16.04.3 [18,4 kB]<br />Get:38 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libwayland-dev amd64 1.12.0-1~ubuntu16.04.3 [92,4 kB]<br />Get:39 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libmircore-dev amd64 0.26.3+16.04.20170605-0ubuntu1.1 [23,7 kB]<br />Get:40 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libprotobuf9v5 amd64 2.6.1-1.3 [326 kB]<br />Get:41 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libprotobuf-dev amd64 2.6.1-1.3 [473 kB]<br />Get:42 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxkbcommon-dev amd64 0.5.0-1ubuntu2 [231 kB]<br />Get:43 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libmircommon-dev amd64 0.26.3+16.04.20170605-0ubuntu1.1 [14,9 kB]<br />Get:44 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libmircookie2 amd64 0.26.3+16.04.20170605-0ubuntu1.1 [22,5 kB]<br />Get:45 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libmircookie-dev amd64 0.26.3+16.04.20170605-0ubuntu1.1 [5.152 B]<br />Get:46 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libmirclient-dev amd64 0.26.3+16.04.20170605-0ubuntu1.1 [42,6 kB]<br />Get:47 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libegl1-mesa-dev amd64 17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1 [19,9 kB]<br />Get:48 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libgles2-mesa amd64 17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1 [13,4 kB]<br />Get:49 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libgles2-mesa-dev amd64 17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1 [40,2 kB]<br />Get:50 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mesa-common-dev amd64 17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1 [525 kB]<br />Get:51 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libgl1-mesa-dev amd64 17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1 [4.456 B]<br />Get:52 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libglu1-mesa-dev amd64 9.0.0-2.1 [202 kB]<br />Get:53 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5concurrent5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [24,3 kB]<br />Get:54 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5opengl5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [128 kB]<br />Get:55 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5printsupport5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [174 kB]<br />Get:56 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5sql5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [104 kB]<br />Get:57 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5test5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [84,5 kB]<br />Get:58 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5xml5 amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [91,8 kB]<br />Get:59 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 qt5-qmake amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [1.192 kB]<br />Get:60 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 qtbase5-dev-tools amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [1.056 kB]<br />Get:61 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 qtbase5-dev amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [931 kB]<br />Get:62 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5opengl5-dev amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [31,5 kB]<br />Get:63 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libqt5sql5-sqlite amd64 5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5 [33,0 kB]<br />Get:64 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 qttranslations5-l10n all 5.5.1-2build1 [1.210 kB]<br />Fetched 15,2 MB in 4s (3.099 kB/s)&nbsp;<br />Extracting templates from packages: 100%<br />Selecting previously unselected package libqt5core5a:amd64.<br />(Reading database ... 480949 files and directories currently installed.)<br />Preparing to unpack .../libqt5core5a_5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5_amd64.deb ...<br />Unpacking libqt5core5a:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5) ...<br />Selecting previously unselected package libqt5dbus5:amd64.<br />Preparing to unpack .../libqt5dbus5_5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5_amd64.deb ...<br />Unpacking libqt5dbus5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5) ...<br />Selecting previously unselected package libqt5network5:amd64.<br />Preparing to unpack .../libqt5network5_5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5_amd64.deb ...<br />Unpacking libqt5network5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5) ...<br />Selecting previously unselected package libxcb-icccm4:amd64.<br />Preparing to unpack .../libxcb-icccm4_0.4.1-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...<br />Unpacking libxcb-icccm4:amd64 (0.4.1-1ubuntu1) ...<br />Selecting previously unselected package libxcb-image0:amd64.<br />Preparing to unpack .../libxcb-image0_0.4.0-1build1_amd64.deb ...<br />Unpacking libxcb-image0:amd64 (0.4.0-1build1) ...<br />Selecting previously unselected package libxcb-keysyms1:amd64.<br />Preparing to unpack .../libxcb-keysyms1_0.4.0-1_amd64.deb ...<br />Unpacking libxcb-keysyms1:amd64 (0.4.0-1) ...<br />Selecting previously unselected package libxcb-randr0:amd64.<br />Preparing to unpack .../libxcb-randr0_1.11.1-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...<br />Unpacking libxcb-randr0:amd64 (1.11.1-1ubuntu1) ...<br />Selecting previously unselected package libxcb-render-util0:amd64.<br />Preparing to unpack .../libxcb-render-util0_0.3.9-1_amd64.deb ...<br />Unpacking libxcb-render-util0:amd64 (0.3.9-1) ...<br />Selecting previously unselected package libxcb-xkb1:amd64.<br />Preparing to unpack .../libxcb-xkb1_1.11.1-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...<br />Unpacking libxcb-xkb1:amd64 (1.11.1-1ubuntu1) ...<br />Selecting previously unselected package libxkbcommon-x11-0:amd64.<br />Preparing to unpack .../libxkbcommon-x11-0_0.5.0-1ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...<br />Unpacking libxkbcommon-x11-0:amd64 (0.5.0-1ubuntu2) ...<br />Selecting previously unselected package libqt5gui5:amd64.<br />Preparing to unpack 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(17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1) ...<br />Setting up libgles2-mesa:amd64 (17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1) ...<br />Setting up libgles2-mesa-dev:amd64 (17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1) ...<br />Setting up mesa-common-dev:amd64 (17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1) ...<br />Setting up libgl1-mesa-dev:amd64 (17.2.8-0ubuntu0~16.04.1) ...<br />Setting up libglu1-mesa-dev:amd64 (9.0.0-2.1) ...<br />Setting up libqt5concurrent5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5) ...<br />Setting up libqt5opengl5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5) ...<br />Setting up libqt5printsupport5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5) ...<br />Setting up libqt5sql5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5) ...<br />Setting up libqt5test5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5) ...<br />Setting up libqt5xml5:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5) ...<br />Setting up qt5-qmake:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5) ...<br />Setting up qtbase5-dev-tools (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5) ...<br />Setting up qtbase5-dev:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5) ...<br />Setting up libqt5opengl5-dev:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5) ...<br />Setting up libqt5sql5-sqlite:amd64 (5.5.1+dfsg-16ubuntu7.5) ...<br />Setting up qttranslations5-l10n (5.5.1-2build1) ...<br />Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...<br />➜ Tools git:(master) ✗ git clone https://github.com/rrwick/Bandage.git<br />Cloning into 'Bandage'...<br />remote: Counting objects: 7813, done.<br />remote: Total 7813 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 7813<br />Receiving objects: 100% (7813/7813), 27.43 MiB | 16.33 MiB/s, done.<br />Resolving deltas: 100% (5973/5973), done.<br />Checking connectivity... done.<br />➜ Tools git:(master) ✗ cd Bandage&nbsp;<br />➜ Bandage git:(master) ls<br />Bandage.pro BandageTests.pro blast build_scripts command_line COPYING graph images ogdf program README.md tests ui<br />➜ Bandage git:(master) export QT_SELECT=5<br />➜ Bandage git:(master) qmake<br />➜ Bandage git:(master) ✗ make<br />/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/mainwindow.ui -o ui_mainwindow.h<br />/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/settingsdialog.ui -o ui_settingsdialog.h<br />/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/aboutdialog.ui -o ui_aboutdialog.h<br />/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/enteroneblastquerydialog.ui -o ui_enteroneblastquerydialog.h<br />/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/blastsearchdialog.ui -o ui_blastsearchdialog.h<br />/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/myprogressdialog.ui -o ui_myprogressdialog.h<br />/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/pathspecifydialog.ui -o ui_pathspecifydialog.h<br />/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/querypathsdialog.ui -o ui_querypathsdialog.h<br />/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/blasthitfiltersdialog.ui -o ui_blasthitfiltersdialog.h<br />/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/changenodenamedialog.ui -o ui_changenodenamedialog.h<br />/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/graphinfodialog.ui -o ui_graphinfodialog.h<br />/home/urbe/anaconda3/bin/uic ui/changenodedepthdialog.ui -o ui_changenodedepthdialog.h<br />g++ -c -pipe -O2 -std=gnu++0x -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -fPIC -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_SVG_LIB -DQT_WIDGETS_LIB -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I. -Iui -I/usr/include -I../../anaconda3/include/qt -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtSvg -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtWidgets -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtGui -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtCore -I. -I. -I../../anaconda3/mkspecs/linux-g++ -o main.o program/main.cpp<br />g++ -c -pipe -O2 -std=gnu++0x -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT -fPIC -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_SVG_LIB -DQT_WIDGETS_LIB -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -I. -Iui -I/usr/include -I../../anaconda3/include/qt -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtSvg -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtWidgets -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtGui -I../../anaconda3/include/qt/QtCore -I. -I. -I../../anaconda3/mkspecs/linux-g++ -o settings.o program/settings.cpp<br />....</p><p>...<br />g++ -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-rpath,/home/urbe/anaconda3/lib -o Bandage main.o settings.o globals.o graphlayoutworker.o debruijnnode.o debruijnedge.o graphicsitemnode.o graphicsitemedge.o mainwindow.o graphicsviewzoom.o settingsdialog.o mygraphicsview.o mygraphicsscene.o aboutdialog.o enteroneblastquerydialog.o blasthit.o blastqueries.o blastsearchdialog.o infotextwidget.o assemblygraph.o verticalscrollarea.o myprogressdialog.o nodewidthvisualaid.o verticallabel.o load.o image.o commoncommandlinefunctions.o mytablewidget.o buildblastdatabaseworker.o colourbutton.o blastquery.o runblastsearchworker.o blastsearch.o path.o pathspecifydialog.o graphlocation.o tablewidgetitemint.o tablewidgetitemdouble.o tablewidgetitemshown.o memory.o querypathspushbutton.o querypathsdialog.o blastquerypath.o blasthitfiltersdialog.o scinot.o changenodenamedialog.o querypathsequencecopybutton.o querypaths.o info.o reduce.o Graph.o GraphAttributes.o FMMMLayout.o geometry.o ClusterGraphAttributes.o FruchtermanReingold.o NMM.o GmlParser.o simple_graph_alg.o basic.o XmlParser.o String.o Hashing.o PoolMemoryAllocator.o GraphCopy.o CombinatorialEmbedding.o OgmlParser.o ClusterGraph.o Math.o EdgeAttributes.o NodeAttributes.o MAARPacking.o Multilevel.o numexcept.o Set.o Ogml.o DinoXmlParser.o DinoXmlScanner.o DinoTools.o DinoLineBuffer.o System.o QuadTreeNM.o QuadTreeNodeNM.o Constraint.o MultilevelGraph.o graphinfodialog.o tablewidgetitemname.o changenodedepthdialog.o qrc_images.o moc_graphlayoutworker.o moc_mainwindow.o moc_graphicsviewzoom.o moc_settingsdialog.o moc_mygraphicsview.o moc_mygraphicsscene.o moc_aboutdialog.o moc_enteroneblastquerydialog.o moc_blastquery.o moc_blastsearchdialog.o moc_infotextwidget.o moc_assemblygraph.o moc_verticalscrollarea.o moc_myprogressdialog.o moc_nodewidthvisualaid.o moc_verticallabel.o moc_mytablewidget.o moc_buildblastdatabaseworker.o moc_colourbutton.o moc_runblastsearchworker.o moc_pathspecifydialog.o moc_querypathspushbutton.o moc_querypathsdialog.o moc_blasthitfiltersdialog.o moc_changenodenamedialog.o moc_querypathsequencecopybutton.o moc_graphinfodialog.o moc_changenodedepthdialog.o -L/usr/lib -L/home/urbe/anaconda3/lib -lQt5Svg -lQt5Widgets -lQt5Gui -lQt5Core -lGL -lpthread&nbsp;<br />➜ Bandage git:(master) ✗ ls&nbsp;<br />aboutdialog.o DinoTools.o Makefile moc_infotextwidget.cpp moc_verticalscrollarea.o scinot.o<br />assemblygraph.o DinoXmlParser.o Math.o moc_infotextwidget.o MultilevelGraph.o Set.o<br />Bandage DinoXmlScanner.o memory.o moc_mainwindow.cpp Multilevel.o settingsdialog.o<br />Bandage.pro EdgeAttributes.o moc_aboutdialog.cpp moc_mainwindow.o mygraphicsscene.o settings.o<br />BandageTests.pro enteroneblastquerydialog.o moc_aboutdialog.o moc_mygraphicsscene.cpp mygraphicsview.o simple_graph_alg.o<br />basic.o FMMMLayout.o moc_assemblygraph.cpp moc_mygraphicsscene.o myprogressdialog.o String.o<br />blast FruchtermanReingold.o moc_assemblygraph.o moc_mygraphicsview.cpp mytablewidget.o System.o<br />blasthitfiltersdialog.o geometry.o moc_blasthitfiltersdialog.cpp moc_mygraphicsview.o NMM.o tablewidgetitemdouble.o<br />blasthit.o globals.o moc_blasthitfiltersdialog.o moc_myprogressdialog.cpp NodeAttributes.o tablewidgetitemint.o<br />blastqueries.o GmlParser.o moc_blastquery.cpp moc_myprogressdialog.o nodewidthvisualaid.o tablewidgetitemname.o<br />blastquery.o graph moc_blastquery.o moc_mytablewidget.cpp numexcept.o tablewidgetitemshown.o<br />blastquerypath.o GraphAttributes.o moc_blastsearchdialog.cpp moc_mytablewidget.o ogdf tests<br />blastsearchdialog.o GraphCopy.o moc_blastsearchdialog.o moc_nodewidthvisualaid.cpp Ogml.o ui<br />blastsearch.o graphicsitemedge.o moc_buildblastdatabaseworker.cpp moc_nodewidthvisualaid.o OgmlParser.o ui_aboutdialog.h<br />buildblastdatabaseworker.o graphicsitemnode.o moc_buildblastdatabaseworker.o moc_pathspecifydialog.cpp path.o ui_blasthitfiltersdialog.h<br />build_scripts graphicsviewzoom.o moc_changenodedepthdialog.cpp moc_pathspecifydialog.o pathspecifydialog.o ui_blastsearchdialog.h<br />changenodedepthdialog.o graphinfodialog.o moc_changenodedepthdialog.o moc_querypathsdialog.cpp PoolMemoryAllocator.o ui_changenodedepthdialog.h<br />changenodenamedialog.o graphlayoutworker.o moc_changenodenamedialog.cpp moc_querypathsdialog.o program ui_changenodenamedialog.h<br />ClusterGraphAttributes.o graphlocation.o moc_changenodenamedialog.o moc_querypathsequencecopybutton.cpp qrc_images.cpp ui_enteroneblastquerydialog.h<br />ClusterGraph.o Graph.o moc_colourbutton.cpp moc_querypathsequencecopybutton.o qrc_images.o ui_graphinfodialog.h<br />colourbutton.o Hashing.o moc_colourbutton.o moc_querypathspushbutton.cpp QuadTreeNM.o ui_mainwindow.h<br />CombinatorialEmbedding.o image.o moc_enteroneblastquerydialog.cpp moc_querypathspushbutton.o QuadTreeNodeNM.o ui_myprogressdialog.h<br />command_line images moc_enteroneblastquerydialog.o moc_runblastsearchworker.cpp querypathsdialog.o ui_pathspecifydialog.h<br />commoncommandlinefunctions.o info.o moc_graphicsviewzoom.cpp moc_runblastsearchworker.o querypathsequencecopybutton.o ui_querypathsdialog.h<br />Constraint.o infotextwidget.o moc_graphicsviewzoom.o moc_settingsdialog.cpp querypaths.o ui_settingsdialog.h<br />COPYING load.o moc_graphinfodialog.cpp moc_settingsdialog.o querypathspushbutton.o verticallabel.o<br />debruijnedge.o MAARPacking.o moc_graphinfodialog.o moc_verticallabel.cpp README.md verticalscrollarea.o<br />debruijnnode.o main.o moc_graphlayoutworker.cpp moc_verticallabel.o reduce.o XmlParser.o<br />DinoLineBuffer.o mainwindow.o moc_graphlayoutworker.o moc_verticalscrollarea.cpp runblastsearchworker.o<br />➜ Bandage git:(master) ✗ ./Bandage</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43546/introduction-to-phylogenies-in-r</guid>
	<pubDate>Wed, 13 Oct 2021 02:27:21 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/43546/introduction-to-phylogenies-in-r</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Introduction to phylogenies in R]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>R phylogenetics is built on the contributed packages for phylogenetics in R, and there are many such packages. Let's begin today by installing a few critical packages, such as ape, phangorn, phytools, and geiger. To get the most recent CRAN version of these packages, you will need to have R 3.3.x installed on your computer!</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://www.phytools.org/Cordoba2017/ex/2/Intro-to-phylogenies.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.phytools.org/Cordoba2017/ex/2/Intro-to-phylogenies.html</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhi</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44002/interesting-bioinformatics-resources</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 11 Nov 2022 06:30:46 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44002/interesting-bioinformatics-resources</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Interesting Bioinformatics Resources !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>1. a reproducible workflow.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3JldKoA0zw">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3JldKoA0zw</a>&nbsp;This two minute video will change your mind on reproducible research&nbsp;</p><p>2. Parallel sequencing lives, or what makes large sequencing projects successful&nbsp;<a href="https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/article/6/11/gix100/4557140?login=false">https://academic.oup.com/gigascience/article/6/11/gix100/4557140?login=false</a></p><p>3. Common-sense approaches to sharing tabular data alongside publication&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666389921002300">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666389921002300</a></p><p>4. A Reproducible Data Analysis Workflow with R Markdown, Git, Make, and Docker&nbsp;<a href="https://psyarxiv.com/8xzqy/">https://psyarxiv.com/8xzqy/</a></p><p>5. Practical Computational Reproducibility in the Life Sciences&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cell.com/cell-systems/fulltext/S2405-4712(18)30140-6">https://www.cell.com/cell-systems/fulltext/S2405-4712(18)30140-6</a></p><p>6. A video by Dr.Keith A. Baggerly from MD Anderson [The Importance of Reproducible Research in High-Throughput Biology](<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gYIs7uYbMo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gYIs7uYbMo</a>) highly recommended.</p><p>7. Ten Simple Rules for Reproducible Computational Research&nbsp;<a href="http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003285">http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003285</a>)</p><p>8. Good Enough Practices in Scientific Computing&nbsp;<a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1609.00037">http://arxiv.org/abs/1609.00037</a>&nbsp;</p><p>9. Best Practices for Scientific Computing&nbsp;<a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001745">https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001745</a></p><p>10. A Quick Guide to Organizing Computational Biology Projects&nbsp;<a href="http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.100042">http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.100042</a>&nbsp; A must read for computational biologists!</p><p>11. Reproducibility of computational workflows is automated using continuous analysis&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.3780">https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.3780</a></p><p>12. Five selfish reasons to work reproducibly&nbsp;<a href="https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-015-0850-7">https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-015-0850-7</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhi</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/44618/important-bioinformatics-tools</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 30 Jul 2024 05:03:29 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/44618/important-bioinformatics-tools</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Important Bioinformatics Tools !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>1. Ktrim: An extra-fast, accurate adapter trimmer for sequencing data. It processes FASTQ files from multiple lanes with minimal mismatching and over-trimming of adapters.</span><span><br /></span><span><br /></span><span>2. BWA MEM: A reliable alignment tool (particularly for mapping ALT contigs and HLA genes, which are not fully addressed in BWA-MEM2).</span><span><br /></span><span><br /></span><span>3. Sambamba markdup: Quickly marks or removes duplicate reads using Picard's criteria.</span><span><br /></span><span><br /></span><span>4. ichorCNA: Estimates the tumor DNA fraction in cell-free DNA from ultra-low-pass whole genome sequencing (0.1x coverage) based on copy number alterations (CNA).</span><span><br /></span><span><br /></span><span>5. Fragle: A deep learning method for quantifying ctDNA levels from cell-free DNA fragmentomic profiles. It detects TF as low as ~1% ctDNA and works with targeted genomic panel sequencing data.</span><span><br /></span><span><br /></span><span>6. AlfredQC: A quality control tool for high-throughput sequencing data. It assesses metrics like read quality scores, GC content, and duplication rates, visualized through detailed plots and summary statistics.</span><span><br /></span><span><br /></span><span>7. Mosdepth: A fast tool for calculating sequencing coverage depth, offering a quicker alternative to samtools/sambamba depth by processing BAM and CRAM files.</span><span><br /></span><span><br /></span><span>8. Bedtools: A versatile toolkit for genomics, enabling operations like intersect, merge, count, and shuffle on genomic intervals across formats such as BAM, BED, GFF/GTF, and VCF.</span><span><br /></span><span><br /></span><span>9. Datamash: A command-line tool for basic numeric, textual, and statistical operations on input data streams. It supports operations such as grouping, sorting, transposing, and performing arithmetic calculations on tabular data.</span><span><br /></span><span><br /></span><span>10.</span><span> </span><a href="http://gwf.app/" target="_self">gwf.app</a><span>: A pragmatic alternative to Snakemake. Developed at</span><span> </span><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/aarhus-university-denmark-/" target="_self"><span>Aarhus University</span></a><span>, this flexible, generic workflow tool builds and runs large scientific workflows.</span></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44914/predicting-pathogen-virulence-using-bioinformatics-tools</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 04 Nov 2025 07:55:53 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/44914/predicting-pathogen-virulence-using-bioinformatics-tools</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Predicting Pathogen Virulence Using Bioinformatics Tools]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>In the genomic era, the ability to predict the virulence potential of pathogens has become an indispensable part of infectious disease research. With the exponential growth of microbial genome data, bioinformatics tools now enable scientists to identify virulence factors, model pathogen behavior, and even forecast outbreak risks &mdash; all from sequence data.</p><p>In an age where pathogens continue to evolve and cross boundaries, understanding <strong>what makes them virulent</strong>&mdash;that is, capable of causing disease&mdash;has become a critical focus in modern microbiology and genomics. <strong>Virulence prediction</strong> bridges computational biology, genomics, and machine learning to forecast the pathogenic potential of microbes before they strike.</p><h3>What Is Virulence?</h3><p><em>Virulence</em> refers to the degree of damage a pathogen can inflict on its host. It is determined by a combination of genetic factors&mdash;called <strong>virulence factors (VFs)</strong>&mdash;that allow the organism to attach, invade, evade, and harm the host. These include genes coding for toxins, secretion systems, adhesins, and enzymes that disrupt host defenses.</p><p>Understanding virulence factors not only helps in deciphering the mechanisms of infection but also provides early warning signs for emerging threats.</p><h3>Why Predict Virulence?</h3><p>Traditional virulence studies relied heavily on experimental infection models, which, although accurate, are <strong>time-consuming, expensive, and ethically constrained</strong>.<br /> Today, the availability of whole-genome sequences and large-scale pathogen databases has paved the way for <strong>in silico virulence prediction</strong>&mdash;a computational approach that can screen thousands of genomes within hours.</p><p>This approach enables researchers to:</p><ul>
<li>
<p>Rapidly identify potential <strong>high-risk strains</strong>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Prioritize pathogens for <strong>containment, surveillance, or further study</strong>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Guide <strong>vaccine development</strong> and <strong>drug target discovery</strong>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Support <strong>One Health frameworks</strong>, linking animal, human, and environmental health data.</p>
</li>
</ul><h3>How Is Virulence Predicted?</h3><p>Virulence prediction combines <strong>bioinformatics pipelines</strong> with <strong>machine learning</strong> and <strong>comparative genomics</strong>. The process generally involves:</p><ol>
<li>
<p><strong>Genome Annotation:</strong> Identifying genes and coding sequences in microbial genomes.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Feature Extraction:</strong> Comparing sequences with curated databases like <strong>VFDB (Virulence Factor Database)</strong>, <strong>PATRIC</strong>, or <strong>Victors</strong>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Pattern Recognition:</strong> Using algorithms (e.g., Random Forest, SVM, or deep learning models) to classify genes or strains as virulent or non-virulent based on sequence patterns, motifs, and protein domains.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Scoring and Visualization:</strong> Assigning a virulence score or confidence level and visualizing it through heatmaps or genome maps.</p>
</li>
</ol><h3>Tools and Resources for Virulence Prediction</h3><p>A number of tools and databases make virulence prediction accessible to the scientific community:</p><ul>
<li>
<p><strong>VFanalyzer</strong> &ndash; For identifying virulence genes based on VFDB.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>PathoFact</strong> &ndash; Predicts virulence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and toxin genes from metagenomic data.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Pangenome-based models</strong> &ndash; Identify virulence-associated gene clusters across strains.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Machine learning models</strong> &ndash; Use features like GC content, codon usage bias, or protein domains to predict pathogenicity.</p>
</li>
</ul><p>Emerging tools now integrate <strong>multi-omic data</strong>&mdash;including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics&mdash;to understand virulence in a systems biology framework.</p><h3>Applications in the Real World</h3><p>Virulence prediction has major implications across public health and research sectors:</p><ul>
<li>
<p><strong>Epidemic preparedness:</strong> Early identification of virulent strains in outbreak samples.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>AMR surveillance:</strong> Linking virulence profiles with antibiotic resistance determinants.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Environmental monitoring:</strong> Predicting pathogenic potential of soil or waterborne microbes.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><strong>Clinical diagnostics:</strong> Supporting personalized treatment through pathogen profiling.</p>
</li>
</ul><p>For instance, integrating virulence prediction pipelines into <strong>national surveillance networks</strong> could enable faster risk assessment and response to infectious outbreaks.</p><h3>The Road Ahead</h3><p>As machine learning and genomics advance, virulence prediction will evolve from simple gene-based detection to <strong>dynamic, context-aware models</strong> that account for host&ndash;pathogen interactions, environmental signals, and evolutionary adaptation.</p><p>Future tools may predict <strong>not just if a strain is virulent</strong>, but <strong>under what conditions</strong> it expresses that virulence&mdash;bridging the gap between genotype and phenotype.</p><h3>In Summary</h3><p>Virulence prediction is redefining how we understand and anticipate infectious diseases. By coupling <strong>genomic insights</strong> with <strong>computational intelligence</strong>, researchers can identify potential threats earlier, design smarter interventions, and ultimately, strengthen our preparedness against emerging pathogens.</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>BioStar</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34400/ioniser-tools-for-the-quality-assessment-of-data-produced-by-oxford-nanopore%E2%80%99s-minion-sequencer</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 23 Nov 2017 10:24:19 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/34400/ioniser-tools-for-the-quality-assessment-of-data-produced-by-oxford-nanopore%E2%80%99s-minion-sequencer</link>
	<title><![CDATA[IONiseR:  tools for the quality assessment of data produced by Oxford Nanopore’s MinION sequencer]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>This package is intended to provide tools for the quality assessment of data produced by Oxford Nanopore&rsquo;s MinION sequencer. It includes a functions to generate a number plots for examining the statistics that we think will be useful for this task.</p>
<p>However, nanopore sequencing is an emerging and rapidly developing technology. It is not clear what will be most informative. We hope that&nbsp;<code>IONiseR</code>&nbsp;will provide a framework for visualisation of metrics that we haven&rsquo;t thought of, and welcome feedback at&nbsp;<a href="mailto:mike.smith@embl.de" target="_blank">mike.smith@embl.de</a>.</p>
<p>If you&rsquo;re not interested in the quality assement of the raw or event level data, and want to jump straight to the getting FASTQ format files from fast5 files you can go straight to the final section of this document.</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/devel/bioc/vignettes/IONiseR/inst/doc/IONiseR.html" rel="nofollow">https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/devel/bioc/vignettes/IONiseR/inst/doc/IONiseR.html</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/36512/hisat2-a-fast-and-sensitive-alignment-program-for-mapping-next-generation-sequencing-reads</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 08 May 2018 04:27:22 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/36512/hisat2-a-fast-and-sensitive-alignment-program-for-mapping-next-generation-sequencing-reads</link>
	<title><![CDATA[HISAT2: a fast and sensitive alignment program for mapping next-generation sequencing reads]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><strong>HISAT2</strong><span>&nbsp;is a fast and sensitive alignment program for mapping next-generation sequencing reads (both DNA and RNA) to a population of human genomes (as well as to a single reference genome). Based on an extension of BWT for graphs&nbsp;</span><a href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2674828">[Sir&eacute;n et al. 2014]</a><span>, we designed and implemented a graph FM index (GFM), an original approach and its first implementation to the best of our knowledge. In addition to using one global GFM index that represents a population of human genomes, HISAT2 uses a large set of small GFM indexes that collectively cover the whole genome (each index representing a genomic region of 56 Kbp, with 55,000 indexes needed to cover the human population). These small indexes (called local indexes), combined with several alignment strategies, enable rapid and accurate alignment of sequencing reads. This new indexing scheme is called a Hierarchical Graph FM index (HGFM).&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span>more at&nbsp;https://ccb.jhu.edu/software/hisat2/index.shtml</span></p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/infphilo/hisat2" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/infphilo/hisat2</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/37514/list-of-non-commercial-ngs-genotype-calling-software</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 09 Aug 2018 04:21:32 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/37514/list-of-non-commercial-ngs-genotype-calling-software</link>
	<title><![CDATA[List of non-commercial NGS genotype-calling software]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>Meaningful analysis of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data, which are produced extensively by genetics and genomics studies, relies crucially on the accurate calling of SNPs and genotypes. Recently developed statistical methods both improve and quantify the considerable uncertainty associated with genotype calling, and will especially benefit the growing number of studies using low- to medium-coverage data.&nbsp;</span></p><p><span>A list of programs for genotype and SNP calling :</span></p><p><br />SOAP2&nbsp;http://soap.genomics.org.cn/index.html</p><p>Single-sample High-quality variant database (for example, dbSNP) Package for NGS data analysis, which includes a single individual genotype caller (SOAPsnp)</p><p>realSFS&nbsp;http://128.32.118.212/thorfinn/realSFS/</p><p>Single-sample Aligned reads Software for SNP and genotype calling using single individuals and allele frequencies. Site frequency spectrum (SFS) estimation</p><p>Samtools http://samtools.sourceforge.net/</p><p>Multi-sample Aligned reads Package for manipulation of NGS alignments, which includes a computation of genotype likelihoods (samtools) and SNP and genotype calling (bcftools)</p><p>GATK http://www.broadinstitute.org/gsa/wiki/index.php/The_Genome_Analysis_Toolkit Multi-sample Aligned reads Package for aligned NGS data analysis, which includes a SNP and genotype caller (Unifed Genotyper), SNP filtering (Variant Filtration) and SNP quality recalibration (Variant Recalibrator)</p><p>Beagle http://faculty.washington.edu/browning/beagle/beagle.html</p><p>Multi-sample LD Candidate SNPs, genotype likelihoods Software for imputation, phasing and association that includes a mode for genotype calling</p><p>IMPUTE2 http://mathgen.stats.ox.ac.uk/impute/impute_v2.html</p><p>Multi-sample LD Candidate SNPs, genotype likelihoods Software for imputation and phasing, including a mode for genotype calling. Requires fine-scale linkage map</p><p>QCall ftp://ftp.sanger.ac.uk/pub/rd/QCALL</p><p>Multi-sample LD &lsquo;Feasible&rsquo; genealogies at a dense set of loci, genotype likelihoods Software for SNP and genotype calling, including a method for generating candidate SNPs without LD information (NLDA) and a method for incorporating LD information (LDA). The &lsquo;feasible&rsquo; genealogies can be generated using Margarita (http://www.sanger.ac.uk/resources/software/margarita)</p><p>MaCH http://genome.sph.umich.edu/wiki/Thunder</p><p>Multi-sample LD Genotype likelihoods Software for SNP and genotype calling, including a method (GPT_Freq) for generating candidate SNPs without LD information and a method (thunder_glf_freq) for incorporating LD information</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
</item>
<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/40544/ngs-bits-short-read-sequencing-tools</guid>
	<pubDate>Thu, 16 Jan 2020 23:14:00 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/40544/ngs-bits-short-read-sequencing-tools</link>
	<title><![CDATA[ngs-bits - Short-read sequencing tools]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Binaries of&nbsp;<em>ngs-bits</em>&nbsp;are available via Bioconda. Alternatively,&nbsp;<em>ngs-bits</em>&nbsp;can be built from sources:</p>
<ul>
<li><span>Binaries</span>&nbsp;for&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/imgag/ngs-bits/blob/master/doc/install_bioconda.md">Linux/macOS</a></li>
<li>From&nbsp;<span>sources</span>&nbsp;for&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/imgag/ngs-bits/blob/master/doc/install_unix.md">Linux/macOS</a></li>
<li>From&nbsp;<span>sources</span>&nbsp;for&nbsp;<a href="https://github.com/imgag/ngs-bits/blob/master/doc/install_win.md">Windows</a></li>
</ul><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://github.com/imgag/ngs-bits" rel="nofollow">https://github.com/imgag/ngs-bits</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/42936/ancient-whole-genome-duplication-wgd-detection-tools</guid>
	<pubDate>Sun, 07 Mar 2021 00:32:44 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/42936/ancient-whole-genome-duplication-wgd-detection-tools</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Ancient whole genome duplication (WGD) detection tools !]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>There are two methods for ancient WGD detection, one is collinearity analysis, and the other is based on the Ks distribution map. Among them, Ks is defined as the average number of synonymous substitutions at each synonymous site, and there is also a Ka corresponding to it, which refers to the average number of non-synonymous substitutions at each non-synonymous site.</p><p>At present, some people have posted articles about the analysis process of WGD. I searched for the keyword "wgd pipeline" and found the following:</p><p><strong>GenoDup: https:// github.com/MaoYafei/GenoDup-Pipeline</strong><br /><strong>https://peerj.com/articles/6303/</strong><br /><strong>WGDdetector: https:// github.com/yongzhiyang2 012/WGDdetector</strong><br /><strong>https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-019-2670-3</strong><br /><strong>wgd: https:// github.com/arzwa/wgd</strong><br /><strong>https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-016-1142-2#Sec1</strong><br /><strong>https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-017-0399-x</strong><br /><strong>GeNoGAP https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-016-1142-2</strong><br /><strong>https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-017-0399-x</strong><br /><strong>https://github.com/dfguan/purge_dups</strong><br /><strong>https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.24.917997v1</strong></p><p>This article introduces the usage of wgd.</p><p>Wgd cannot be installed directly with bioconda at present, so it is a little troublesome to install, because it depends on a lot of software. wgd depends on the following software</p><p><strong>BLAST</strong><br /><strong>MCL</strong><br /><strong>MUSCLE/MAFFT/PRANK</strong><br /><strong>PAML</strong><br /><strong>PhyML/FastTree</strong><br /><strong>i-ADHoRe</strong></p><p>But the good news is that most of the software it depends on can be installed with bioconda</p><blockquote><p>conda create -n wgd python=3.5 blast mcl muscle mafft prank paml fasttree cmake libpng mpi=1.0=mpich<br />conda activate wgd</p></blockquote><p>Here mpi=1.0=mpich is selected, because i-adhore depends on mpich. If openmpi is installed, an error will appear while loading shared libraries: libmpi_cxx.so.40: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory</p><p>After that, the installation is much simpler</p><blockquote><p>git clone https://github.com/arzwa/wgd.git<br />cd wgd<br />pip install .<br />pip install git+https://github.com/arzwa/wgd.git<br />For i-ADHoRe, you need to register at http:// bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be /webtools/i-adhore/licensing/Agree to the license to download i-ADHoRe-3.0</p></blockquote><p>Since my miniconda3 installed ~/opt/, the installation path is so~/opt/miniconda3/envs/wgd/</p><blockquote><p>tar -zxvf i-adhore-3.0.01.tar.gz<br />cd i-adhore-3.0.01<br />mkdir -p build &amp;&amp; cd build<br />cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/opt/miniconda3/envs/wgd/<br />make -j 4 <br />make insatall</p></blockquote><p>Take the sugarcane genome Saccharum spontaneum L as an example. The genome is 8-ploid with 32 chromosomes (2n = 4x8 = 32)</p><p><strong>Download the tutorial for CDS and GFF annotation files</strong></p><blockquote><p><strong>mkdir -p wgd_tutorial &amp;&amp; cd wgd_tutorial</strong><br /><strong>wget http://www.life.illinois.edu/ming/downloads/Spontaneum_genome/Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta.gz</strong><br /><strong>wget http://www.life.illinois.edu/ming/downloads/Spontaneum_genome/Sspon.v20190103.gff3.gz</strong><br /><strong>gunzip *.gz</strong></p></blockquote><p>First conda activate wgdstart our analysis environment, and then start the analysis</p><p>Step 1 : Use to wgd mclidentify homologous genes in the genome</p><blockquote><p>wgd mcl -n 20 --cds --mcl -s Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta -o Sspon_cds.out</p></blockquote><p>Step 2 : Use to wgd ksdbuild Ks distribution</p><blockquote><p>wgd ksd --n_threads 80 Sspon_cds.out/Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta.blast.tsv.mcl Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta</p></blockquote><p>Step 3 : If the quality of the genome is good, then wgd syncollinearity analysis can be used . It can help us find the collinearity block in the genome and the corresponding anchor point</p><blockquote><p>wgd syn --feature gene --gene_attribute ID \<br /> -ks wgd_ksd/Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta.ks.tsv \<br /> Sspon.v20190103.gff3 Sspon_cds.out/Sspon.v20190103.cds.fasta.blast.tsv.mcl</p></blockquote><p>&nbsp;For more reading - There are 9 sub-modules in WGD</p><ul>
<li><span>kde: KDE fitting to the Ks distribution</span></li>
<li><span>ksd: Ks distribution construction</span></li>
<li><span>mcl: BLASP comparison of All-vs-ALl + MCL classification analysis.</span></li>
<li><span><span>mix: Hybrid modeling of Ks distribution.</span></span></li>
<li><span>pre: preprocess the CDS file</span></li>
<li><span>syn: Call I-ADHoRe 3.0 to use GFF files for collinearity analysis</span></li>
<li><span>viz: draw histogram and density plot</span></li>
<li><span>wf1: Ks standard analysis procedure of the whole genome paranome (paranome), call mcl, ksd and syn</span></li>
<li><span>wf2: Ks standard analysis procedure of one-vs-one homologous gene (ortholog), call wcl and kSD</span></li>
</ul>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
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