In this project, you will use single-molecule techniques to label mRNA and DNA in (live and fixed) Drosophila embryos and fixed embryonic bodies. You will also use super-resolution microscopy to visualize protein condensates. Co-localization dynamics reflecting DNA-protein bindings and DNA looping events will be detected, analyzed, and used to test computational models of gene transcription.

Qualification:
MSc degree (or equivalent) in Biology, Biophysics, or Bioengineering

Experience in one or more of these areas: (1) molecular cloning, (2) imaging, (3) image analysis (using Matlab/Python/Java), (4) microfluidics, and (5) computational modeling.

How to Apply?
Send (1) your CV, (2) summary of research experience, and (3) email addresses of at least 2 references to ezzat.el-sherif@fau.de. Title your email ‘Transcription PhD Position’.

salary Grade.: E13
Total Time: 3 Jahre
Start: 01.01.2020.
End: 31.3.2020.

Address:
Dr. El-Sherif, Ezzat
Department Biologie
Professur für Zoologie (Entwicklungsbiologie) (Prof. Dr. Klingler)
Telefon 09131/85-28068, Fax 09131/85-28040, E-Mail: ezzat.el-sherif@fau.de

NucDiff provides information about the types of differences and their locations. It is possible to upload the results into genome browser for visualization and further inspection. It was written in Python and uses the NUCmer package from MUMmer[1] for sequence comparison.

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/uio-cels/NucDiff

SVbyEye, an open-source R package to visualize and annotate sequence-to-sequence alignments along with various functionalities to process alignments in PAF format. The tool facilitates the characterization of complex SVs in the context of sequence homology helping resolve the mechanisms underlying their formation. Availability and implementation SVbyEye is available at https://github.com/daewoooo/SVbyEye.

Author: David Porubsky

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/daewoooo/SVbyEye

http://www.putonti-lab.com/uploads/4/5/3/0/45307835/s-plot2_tutorial.pdf

http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1176934318797354

Address of the bookmark: https://bitbucket.org/lkalesinskas/splot

The MMseqs2 user guide is available as Github Wiki or as PDF file (Thanks to pandoc!)

Please cite: Steinegger M and Soeding J. MMseqs2 enables sensitive protein sequence searching for the analysis of massive data sets. Nature Biotechnology, doi: 10.1038/nbt.3988 (2017).

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/soedinglab/MMseqs2

http://cancerwebpa.jefferson.edu/iSeqQC/

https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-020-3399-8

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/gkumar09/iSeqQC

In the mid 1960's scientists discovered that many genomes contain stretches of highly repetitive DNA sequences ( see Reassociation Kinetics Experiments, and C-Value Paradox ). These sequences were later characterized and placed into five categories:

Simple Repeats - Duplications of simple sets of DNA bases (typically 1-5bp) such as A, CA, CGG etc.
Tandem Repeats - Typically found at the centromeres and telomeres of chromosomes these are duplications of more complex 100-200 base sequences.
Segmental Duplications - Large blocks of 10-300 kilobases which are that have been copied to another region of the genome.
Interspersed Repeats
Processed Pseudogenes, Retrotranscripts, SINES - Non-functional copies of RNA genes which have been reintegrated into the genome with the assitance of a reverse transcriptase.
DNA Transposons
Retrovirus Retrotransposons
Non-Retrovirus Retrotransposons ( LINES )

Currently up to 50% of the human genome is repetitive in nature and as improvements are made in detection methods this number is expected to increase.

On the other hand; In genetics, the term palindrome refers to a sequence of nucleotides along a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid) strand that contains the same series of nitrogenous bases regardless from which direction the strand is analyzed. Akin to a language palindrome—wherein a word or phrase is spelled the same left-to-right as right-to-left (e.g., the word RADAR or the phrase "able was I ere I saw elba")—with genetic palindromes it does not matter whether the nucleic acid strand is read starting from the 3' (three prime) end or the 5' (five prime) end of the strand.

Recent research on palindromes centers on understanding palindrome formation during gene amplification. Other studies have attempted to relate palindrome formation to molecular mechanisms involved in double stranded breaks and in the formation of inverted repeats. Assisted by high speed computers, other groups of scientists link palindrome formation to the conservation of genetic information.

Related to the direction of transcription by RNA polymerase, DNA strands have upstream and downstream terminus defined by differing chemical groups at each end. The ends of each strand of DNA or RNA are termed the 5' (phosphate bound to the 5' position carbon) and 3' (phosphate bound to the 3' carbon) ends to indicate a polarity within the molecule. Using the letters A, T, C, G, to represent the nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine found in DNA, and the letters A, U, C, G to represent the nitrogenous bases adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine found in RNA (Note that uracil in RNA replaces the thymine found in DNA), geneticists usually represent DNA by a series of base codes (e.g., 5' AATCGGATTGCA 3'). The base codes are usually arranged from the 5' end to the 3' end.

Because of specific base pairing in DNA (i.e., adenine (A) always bonds with (thymine (T) and cytosine (C) always bonds with guanine (G)) the complimentary stand to the sequence 5' AATCGGATTGCA 3' would be 3' TTAGCCTAACGT 5'.

With palindromes the sequences on the complimentary strands read the same in either direction. For example, a sequence of 5' GAATTC3' on one strand would be complimented by a 3' CTTAAG 5' strand. In either case, when either strand is read from the 5' prime end the sequence is GAATTC. Another example of a palindrome would be the sequence 5' CGAAGC 3' that, when reversed, still reads CGAAGC.

Palindromes are important sequences within nucleic acids. Often they are the site of binding for specific enzymes (e.g., restriction endobucleases) designed to cut the DNA strands at specific locations (i.e., at palindromes).

Palindromes may arise from brakeage and chromosomal inversions that form inverted repeats that compliment each other. When a palindrome results from an inversion, it is often referred to as an inverted repeat. For example, the sequence 5' CGAAGC 3', if inverted (reversed 180°), still reads CGAAGC.

The European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite (EMBOSS) includes some basic tools for finding tandem repeats and inverted repeats (see B.6.22. Applications in group Nucleic:repeats). There are many on-line services providing the EMBOSS tools, for example:

• Wageningen Bioinformatics Webportal EMBOSS explorer
• Mobyle@Pasteur
• Soaplab2 Web Services at Vital-IT

For more sophisticated repeat finding you will want to look at tools using Repbase for example:

• CENSOR
  • CENSOR@GIRI
  • CENSOR@EMBL-EBI
• RepeatMasker
• MUMmer (scan_for_match)
• Emboss Palindrome

Other nucleotide repeat finding methods found by a couple of web searches:

• Tandem Repeats Finder
• RECON
• RepeatRunner
• REPuter
• Imperfect Microsatellite Extractor (IMEx)
• Spectral Repeat Finder (SRF)
• REPFIND
• CRISPRfinder
• GrailEXP
• CONREPP
• find_palindromes
• Palindrome
• EMBOSS Palindrome
• Palindrome Search

Address of the bookmark: http://ml.ssu.ac.kr/gSearch/index.html

Main features of YASS are:

• multiple, possibly overlapping seeds and a new hit criterion to ensure a good sensitivity/selectivity trade-off
• transition-constrained spaced seeds to improve sensitivity (transition mutations are purine to purine [A<->G] or pyrimidine to pyrimidine [C<->T])
• using different scoring schemes with bit-score and E-value evaluated according to the sequence background frequencies
• parameterizable output filter for low complexity repeats
• reporting of various alignment statistical parameters (mutation bias along triplets, transition/transversion)
• post-processing step to group gapped alignments

Address of the bookmark: http://bioinfo.lifl.fr/yass/