BOL: Related items

VG: variation graph data structures, interchange formats, alignment, genotyping, and variant calling methods

Jit — Tue, 28 Jan 2020 03:53:24 -0600

Variation graphs provide a succinct encoding of the sequences of many genomes. A variation graph (in particular as implemented in vg) is composed of:

nodes, which are labeled by sequences and ids
edges, which connect two nodes via either of their respective ends
paths, describe genomes, sequence alignments, and annotations (such as gene models and transcripts) as walks through nodes connected by edges

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/vgteam/vg

AirLift, a methodology and tool for comprehensively moving mappings and annotations from one genome to another similar genome

Jit — Mon, 23 Dec 2019 10:20:13 -0600

We propose AirLift, a methodology and tool for comprehensively moving mappings and annotations from one genome to another similar genome while maintaining the accuracy of a full mapper.

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/CMU-SAFARI/AirLift

Complete genome sequence of Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus is out !

Jit — Fri, 31 Jan 2020 02:36:59 -0600

Wuhan-Hu-1 claimed at least 40 lives and infected at least 1300 others in China. Cases are now being reported from Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Nepal, France, Australia and even as far as the US. On Jan 10 2020, while news of the first fatality was barely trickling in, the 29,903 letters constituting the viral genome from an affected individual in Wuhan had already been elucidated (even though a few corrections were made subsequently). All the viral genome sequences from affected individuals are very very close to each other. Several are identical and none has more than 5 differences (99.983% similarity). This strongly suggests that transmission into humans came from a single pointed source and happened very recently, between Sep-Dec 2019.

Check out the detail at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MN908947

odgi: optimized dynamic genome/graph implementation

Abhimanyu Singh — Tue, 01 Feb 2022 23:42:21 -0600

odgi provides an efficient and succinct dynamic DNA sequence graph model, as well as a host of algorithms that allow the use of such graphs in bioinformatic analyses.

Careful encoding of graph entities allows odgi to efficiently compute and transform pangenomes with minimal overheads. odgi implements a dynamic data structure that leveraged multi-core CPUs and can be updated on the fly.

The edges and path steps are recorded as deltas between the current node id and the target node id, where the node id corresponds to the rank in the global array of nodes. Graphs built from biological data sets tend to have local partial order and, when sorted, the deltas be small. This allows them to be compressed with a variable length integer representation, resulting in a small in-memory footprint at the cost of packing and unpacking.

The RAM and computational savings are substantial. In partially ordered regions of the graph, most deltas will require only a single byte.

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/pangenome/odgi

Genomicus: genome browser that enables users to navigate in genomes in several dimensions

Jit — Mon, 28 Feb 2022 23:27:37 -0600

Genomicus is a genome browser that enables users to navigate in genomes in several dimensions: linearly along chromosome axes, transversaly across different species, and chronologicaly along evolutionary time.

Once a query gene has been entered, it is displayed in its genomic context in parallel to the genomic context of all its orthologous and paralogous copies in all the other sequenced metazoan genomes. Moreover, Genomicus stores and displays the predicted ancestral genome structure in all the ancestral species within the phylogenetic range of interest.

All the data on extant species displayed in this browser are from Ensembl.

Summary statistics of Genomicus version 105.01: (view species tree in pdf or newick)


Number of extant species	200
Number of extant genes	4303993
Number of ancestral species	196
Number of ancestral genes	4624213
Number of ancestral synteny blocks	83342

Address of the bookmark: https://www.genomicus.bio.ens.psl.eu/genomicus-105.01/cgi-bin/search.pl

Monkeypox virus isolate MPXV_USA_2022_MA001, complete genome

Jit — Tue, 26 Jul 2022 06:21:07 -0500

LOCUS       ON563414              197205 bp    DNA     linear   VRL 30-MAY-2022
DEFINITION  Monkeypox virus isolate MPXV_USA_2022_MA001, complete genome.
ACCESSION   ON563414
VERSION     ON563414.3
KEYWORDS    .
SOURCE      Monkeypox virus (monkeypox)
  ORGANISM  Monkeypox virus
            Viruses; Varidnaviria; Bamfordvirae; Nucleocytoviricota;
            Pokkesviricetes; Chitovirales; Poxviridae; Chordopoxvirinae;
            Orthopoxvirus.

Address of the bookmark: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ON563414

320000 viruses in mammals yet to sequenced in future!!!

Rahul Agarwal — Tue, 03 Sep 2013 08:35:30 -0500

With current biological technique improvements, finally it is now possible to look at millions of unknown viruses at genomic level and understand the mechanism. According to available data, close to 70 per cent of emerging viral diseases such as HIV/AIDS, West Nile, Ebola, SARS, and influenza, are zoonoses - infections of animals that cross into humans.

To address the challenges of describing and estimating virodiversity, a team of investigators from Center for Infection and Immunity (CII) and EcoHealth Alliance began in jungles of Bangladesh - home to the flying fox.

Reference:

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/et-cetera/mammals-harbour-at-least-320000-new-viruses/articleshow/22253268.cms

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-23932400

Swabs to Genomes: A Comprehensive Workflow

Rahul Nayak — Sun, 10 Aug 2014 03:01:21 -0500

The sequencing, assembly, and basic analysis of microbial genomes, once a painstaking and expensive undertaking, has become almost trivial for research labs with access to standard molecular biology and computational tools. However, there are a wide variety of options available for DNA library preparation and sequencing, and inexperience with bioinformatics can pose a significant barrier to entry for many who may be interested in microbial genomics. The objective of the present study was to design, test, troubleshoot, and publish a simple, comprehensive workflow from the collection of an environmental sample (a swab) to a published microbial genome; empowering even a lab or classroom with limited resources and bioinformatics experience to perform it.

Address of the bookmark: https://peerj.com/preprints/453.pdf

DeCoSTAR - Detection of Co-evolution

Jit — Fri, 14 Apr 2017 06:27:25 -0500

DeCoSTAR is a software which aims at reconstructing ancestral gene or genome organizations, in the form of sets of neighborhood relations -adjacencies- between pairs of ancestral genes or gene domains.
Ancestral genes or domains are deduced from reconciled gene trees in a context of birth, speciation, duplication, loss, transfer, which are either given as input or computed with the ecceTERA package, to which DeCoSTAR is integrated. DeCoSTAR constructs parsimonious scenarios of gains and breakages of adjacencies, and contains in particular all the features of previous software DeCo, DeCoLT, ArtDeCo and DeClone. It provides statistical supports on ancestral adjacencies, or the possibility to handle badly assembled genomes.
DeCoSTAR is able to reconstruct the histories of domains inside genes, including gene fusion and fission events, as well as ancestral genome structures for dozens of whole genomes from all kingdoms of life in a few minutes.

Address of the bookmark: http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/software/DeCoSTAR/

CAR: Reconstructing Contiguous Regions of an Ancestral Genome

Abhimanyu Singh — Thu, 18 May 2017 05:24:01 -0500

We describe a new method for predicting the ancestral order and orientation of those intervals from their observed adjacencies in modern species. We combine the results from this method with data from chromosome painting experiments to produce a map of an early mammalian genome that accounts for 96.8% of the available human genome sequence data. The precision is further increased by mapping inversions as small as 31 bp. Analysis of the predicted evolutionary breakpoints in the human lineage confirms certain published observations but disagrees with others. Although only a few mammalian genomes are currently sequenced to high precision, our theoretical analyses and computer simulations indicate that our results are reasonably accurate and that they will become highly accurate in the foreseeable future. Our methods were developed as part of a project to reconstruct the genome sequence of the last ancestor of human, dogs, and most other placental mammals;

Address of the bookmark: http://www.bx.psu.edu/miller_lab/car/