Following are the list of tools commonly used to PPIs predictions:

Protein-Protein Interaction Sites

PPISP

A consensus neural network method for predicting protein-protein interaction sites

HOMCOS

A server to predict interacting protein pairs and interacting sites by homology modeling of complex structures

HotPOINT

Prediction of protein interfaces using an empirical model

ISIS

Prediction of interaction hotspots from sequence

KFC server

Automated decision-tree approach to predicting protein-protein interaction hot spots

meta-PPISP

A meta server for predicting protein-protein interaction sites. meta-PPISP is built on three individual web servers: cons-PPISP, PINUP, and Promate

ODA

Identification of optimal surface patches with the lowest docking desolvation energy values

PINUP

Protein binding site prediction with an empirical scoring function

Other Sites (DNA, RNA, Metals)

CHED 

Web server for predicting soft metal binding sites in proteins

DBD-Hunter

A knowledge-based method for the prediction of DNA-protein interactions

DISPLAR

Given the structure of a protein known to bind DNA, the method predicts residues that contact DNA using neural network method

iDBPs

Predicts DNA binding proteins for proteins with known 3D structure.

PFplus

Below you can find a few basic tutorials for how to run MITObim and I encorage you to give them a try with the testdata that comes with this Repo, just to make sure everything is running smoothly on your system. It'll only take a few minutes and will potentially safe you a lot of time down the line.

I provide further examples here as Jupyter notebooks. Get in touch if you feel like sharing your particular MITObim solution and I'd be happy to put it up here, too!

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/chrishah/MITObim

The vital metaphase stage of cell division, when the sister chromatids migrated to the centre and lined up in a row, and pulled apart using attached microtubules in such a way that half the DNA ends up in each daughter cell. However, before the mitotic spindle‐mediated movement gets start and pulled DNA apart, the chromosomes are free to undergo recombination which involves the exchange of genetic material either between multiple chromosomes or between different regions of the same chromosome.

During recombination, the precise breakage of each strand, exchange between the strands, and sealing of the resulting recombined molecules happens. The “chromosomal breakpoints” refers to these places where they break. Mostly, this process occurs with a high degree of accuracy at high frequency in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. But occasionally this “break and sealing/ break and reattach” process goes wrong and the reattachment happens in the wrong place which usually create disaster (with few exceptions).These chromosome disaster or abnormalities involve the gain, loss or rearrangement of visible amounts of genetic material during cell division. These abnormalities are of two type, the first one is numerical abnormalities  where severe disorders are caused by the loss or gain of whole chromosomes, which affect the copy number of hundreds or even thousands of genes. The second are structural abnormalities which can be unbalanced or balanced. The former are similar to numerical abnormalities in that genetic material is either gained or lost. The natural defects in chromosome segregation are linked to cancer and several genetic diseases (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_genetic_disorders). Therefore, the enzymes involved in regulating cell division are still the attractive drug targets for many diseases.

Apart from certain chromosome abnormalities, these “crossing over” of segments of maternal and paternal chromosomes to form hybrid chromosomes have some evolutionary importance and considered as a driver of genetic variation. Moreover, the chromosome breakage in evolution is considered to be non-random in nature(http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.0020014). In addition the study of breakpoint regions and non-breakpoint (stable) regions of chromosomes indicates both the regions evolved in distinctly different ways ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675965/). These breakage may lead to genetic diseases or participate to chromosomal rearranmgnets and contributed in development of new species.

I will try to explain the genome hotspots/Evolutionary Breakpoint Regions(EBRs)/fragile regions/weak fragments/  in my next blog.

Software for recombination detection:

RAT http://cbr.jic.ac.uk/dicks/software/RAT/

Breakpointer https://github.com/ruping/Breakpointer

DRP http://web.cbio.uct.ac.za/~darren/rdp.html

RB-finder http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18707535

LDhat2.0 http://ldhat.sourceforge.net/LDhat2.0/instructions.shtml

Reference:

http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetic-recombination-514#

Image: Wikipedia , sciencelearn.org.nz

Recommended Articles:

http://www.friendshipcircle.org/blog/2012/05/22/13-chromosomal-disorders-youve-never-heard-of/

http://web.udl.es/usuaris/e4650869/docencia/segoncicle/genclin98/recursos_classe_%28pdf%29/revisionsPDF/chromosyndromes.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775595/table/T2/

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/chromosomal/

http://www.ncert.nic.in/html/learning_basket/biology/cc&cd.pdf

https://www.nature.com/articles/nmeth.4432

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/xiaochuanle/MECAT

Walk in interview for guest faculty in Pondicherry University, India. For more information please visit http://www.bicpu.edu.in/bioinfor140814.pdf

gapFinisher can fill gaps in draft genomes quickly and reliably.

Address of the bookmark: https://github.com/kammoji/gapFinisher

DNAApp: for iPhone/iPad

This is an iOS app that allows for the opening and analysis of DNA sequencing files - ab1. It includes handy tools such as "Reverse Complement", "Jump to", "Copy and Paste sequences", fast and end scrolling, "Chromatogram adjustments", and "Searching for segments" functions.
When used in combination with other zip apps, and also web-tools like Blast, this app allows you to analyze, and also determine the quality of your sequencing files.
This app works with cloud storage access like Dropbox to your sequencing files.
This is now compatible with the new update for iOS 7.1.
Demo video can be found at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXeo9hXdZgM 

More @ https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dnaapp/id854944694?mt=8

DNAApp: For android

This is the first android app that allows for the opening and analysis of DNA sequencing files - ab1. It includes handy tools such as "Reverse Complement", "Jump to", fast and end scrolling, "Chromatogram adjustments", amino acid translations, "export to fasta", and "searching for segment" function.

• When used in combination with other zip apps, and also web-tools like Blast, this app allows you to analyze, and also determine the quality of your sequencing files.
• This app works with cloud storage access like Dropbox to your sequencing files.
• This is now compatible with the new update for Android 4.4.2.

More @  https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=bii.seqdatreader&hl=en

BioGene:iPhone/iPad

BioGene is an information tool for biological research. Use BioGene to learn about gene function. Enter a gene symbol or gene name, for example "CDK4" or "cyclin dependent kinase 4" and BioGene will retrieve its gene function and references into its function (GeneRIF).

• BioGene was produced in affiliation with the Computational Biology Center at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center with primary information from Entrez Gene at the NCBI.

More @  https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/biogene/id333180084?mt=8

Mentha - the interactome browser: Android

About: mentha - the interactome browser, is a project that offers protein-protein physical/enzymatic interaction information from various sources. For more details about mentha, visit mentha's website. This client application is an independent project. This application is designed to allow you to search proteins on the go.

Key features (Also in website):

• Search proteins by UniProt IDs, gene name or keywords
• Collect proteins from different queries.
• Spot common interactors in clusters.
• Easily distinguish between proteins from Homo sapiens and other organisms (Yellow rounded rectangles)
• Click on edges(links) to get scientific evidence.
• Click on proteins to see descriptions.

More @  https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sinnefa.mentha&hl=en

GeneIndex: iPhone/iPad

GeneIndex quickly provides information about genes from various sources. It also includes a RSS reader for journal feeds as well as a PubMed viewer.

Key Features:

• Look up genes by symbol or description.
• Gene indexes for many mammals, plants, invertebrates, and bacteria.
• Link to gene info on websites.
• Download files for offline use. (.pdf, .mp3, .m4v, .doc, .ppt, .xls )
• transfer files via open in, email, or iTunes file sharing
• View RSS feeds for journals
• Query GeneRIF interactions, COSMIC mutations, and CNV data for cell lines.
• Does not require a network connection for local databases.
• View and search PubMed in table view.

GeneIndex provides a convenient and portable way to lookup gene symbols while at a seminar, conference, or lab meeting. Genes are linked to common life science websites such as NCBI, COSMIC, KEGG, PubMed, SymAtlas, UCSC genome browser, Pathway Commons, Genatlas, Wikipedia, HUGO, and OMIM. GeneRIF gene interactions can also be queried.

• Keep current on the scientific literature. GeneIndex includes a RSS reader and web browser for browsing popular journals like Nature, Science, and Cell. You can also add your own RSS feeds. PDFs and podcasts can be saved as files that you can view on the device or email as attachments.
• Examine the status of genes in common cell lines. A subset of COSMIC containing cell lines can be queried for mutations. Copy Number Variation (CNV) plots from cell lines profiled by GSK and Sanger are also linked to genes.

More @  https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/geneindex/id319769866?mt=8

Genome Voyager: iPad

Gain first hand experience identifying the genomic basis of disease by analyzing cases with whole genome sequencing data that have been published for research and learning purposes.

• Visualize whole human genome sequencing data including small variations, copy number variations (CNVs), and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events
• Quickly find variants of interest by filtering variants based on associated genes, functional impact, allele frequency in data sets, and cross-references with various genomic databases.
• Collaborate on variant assessments with other researchers and academics to improve knowledge of both pathogenic and benign variants.
  To use Genome Voyager, users must join Genome Voyager’s community of researchers and academics. Visit http://voyager.completegenomics.com to signup.

More @  https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/genome-voyager/id637353801?mt=8

YeastGenome: iPhone/iPad

Use YeastGenome to quickly find fundamental information about Saccharomyces cerevisae genes and chromosomal features. Search gene names, gene descriptions or browse the database to find information about your favorite gene, as well as more detailed information such as Gene Ontology, mutant phenotype, and protein and genetic interaction data.
YeastGenome contains the latest from the Saccharomyces Genome Database (www.yeastgenome.org) in an on bound app database. As more detailed information is presented the app switches to web services access to SGD, and then for even more details provides complete information via hyperlinks to the appropriate SGD database pages.

Key features:

• Search using gene name or keywords
• Browse by feature type
• Save your favorite features
• Can be used in airplane mode
• Email information about features to collaborators

What's New in Version 1.8.1

• This update is required to provide continued functionality. Some of the data provided by this app accesses the SGD service using a method that is changing in May 2013. This version provides changes to allow access to continue. The on board database of yeast gene information has also been updated to March 2013.

More @  https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/yeastgenome/id520868597?mt=8

SNPdbe: iPhone/iPad

SNPdbe — SNP database of effects, with predictions of computationally annotated functional impacts of SNPs. Database entries represent nsSNPs in dbSNP and 1000 Genomes collection, as well as variants from UniProt and PMD. SAASs come from >2600 organisms; ‘human’ being the most prevalent. The impact of each SAAS on protein function is predicted using the SNAP and SIFT algorithms and augmented with experimentally derived function/structure information and disease associations from PMD, OMIM and UniProt.

More @  https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/snpdbe/id588289719?mt=8

SimGene: iPhone/iPad / Android

SimGene: for iPhone/iPad

SimGene is an iPhone/iPad/iPod touch application designed for molecular biologists, bioinformaticians and medical researchers. The application interfaces with Simbiot, Ensembl, NCBI, Gene Ontology, KEGG Pathways, PubMed, Genomic Variations and many other databases to retrieve up-to-date annotation information for over 30 species, based on gene symbol search. The application provides gene and transcript cross reference information for NCBI, Ensembl, RefSeq and UniProt. SimGene also contains an integrated genome browser with information on genes, transcripts, exons and SNPs.

More @  https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/simgene/id427772349?mt=8

SimGene: for Android

bioinformaticians and medical researchers. The application interfaces with Simbiot,Ensembl, NCBI, Gene Ontology, KEGG Pathways, PubMed, Genomic Variations andmany other databases to retrieve up-to-date annotation information for over 30species, based on gene symbol search. The application provides gene and transcriptcross reference information for NCBI, Ensembl, RefSeq and UniProt. SimGene alsocontains an integrated genome browser with information on genes, transcripts,exons and SNPs.

More @  https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?

TimeTree: iPhone/iPad

TimeTree is a public knowledge-base for information on the evolutionary timescale of life. This application allows easy exploration of the thousands of divergence times among organisms in the scientific literature. A tree-based (hierarchical) system is used to identify all published molecular time estimates bearing on the divergence of two chosen organisms, such as species, compute summary statistics, and present the results. Names of two taxa to be compared are entered in the search window and the results are presented on a set of self-explanatory tabs.

• TimeTree 3.0 was released September 27, 2011 with new data from 1209 studies including 25342 time nodes. We will be adding more data in the future as it comes in from researchers.
• TimeTree is jointly directed by Blair Hedges (Pennsylvania State University) and Sudhir Kumar (Arizona State University). This project has been supported, in part, by grants from the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, NASA Astrobiology Institute, and Science Foundation of Arizona.

More @  https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/timetree/id372842500?mt=8

GeneGroove: iPhone/iPad

GeneGroove is the first application to create a music melody from DTC-Genomics data. If you own 23andMe (Mountain View, CA) personal genomic results, GeneGroove will create for you a unique melody intimately based on your 23andMe genome informations. The music in you.

• After uploading your 23andMe raw data onto your iPhone via iTunes, GeneGroove will analyze your genome informations and generate a unique identifier key. This key, called the GeNumber, will embed the uniqueness of your genome data while keeping your privacy safe, and will be used by GeneGroove to generate your music melody.
• The GeNumber doesn't contain anymore genomic information but it is based on your genome and it is unique, it is yours. It will be used in upcoming Portable Genomics applications to mix and remix music, manipulate sounds and share your art with your friends and family.

More @  https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/genegroove/id492247404?mt=8

ashr - https://github.com/stephens999/ashr, https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ashr/index.html

consensusDE - https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/consensusDE.html

DESeq2 - https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/DESeq2.html

edgeR - https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/edgeR.html

limma - https://kasperdanielhansen.github.io/genbioconductor/html/limma.html  https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/limma.html

MetaCycle - https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/MetaCycle/index.html, https://github.com/gangwug/MetaCycle

RUVSeq - https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/RUVSeq.html

SARTools - https://github.com/PF2-pasteur-fr/SARTools

tximport - https://github.com/mikelove/tximport

Our present objectives is to identify and isolate the substances secreted by Spalax cells, resolve with which components they interact that are active only on cancer cells, in order to unravel the biological mechanisms and pathways that evolved in Spalax cell machinery and ultimately lead to the death of cancer-cells. The study could attest to be a breakthrough in cancer research, using the long lived, hypoxia- and cancer-tolerant Spalax as a significant biological resource for biomedical research that hopefully could open new horizons in treatment and prevention of cancer in humans.

Contact: The applications should be submitted, together with extended CV and bibliography, summary of past accomplishments, and contact information of 3 referees, to Prof of Research Aaron Avivi (aaron@research.haifa.ac.il) AND Dr. Imad Shams (imadshams@gmail.com). (http://bit.ly/1lywShk) aaron@research.haifa.ac.il

More at http://evolution.haifa.ac.il/index.php/29-people/personal-websites/77-personal-site-avivi

Following are the comprehensive list of visualization tools for biological pathways:

BiNA

Drawings of metabolic networks supporting hiding of cofactors and drawing of chemical structures

http://bina.unipax.info/

BioTapestry

Interactive tool for building, visualizing and sharing gene regulatory network models over the web

http://www.biotapestry.org/

Caleydo

Visual analysis framework targeted at biomolecular data. Visualization of interdependencies between multiple datasets

http://www.caleydo.org/

CellDesigner

A modeling tool for biochemical networks

http://www.celldesigner.org/

Edinburgh Pathway Editor

Edit and draw pathway diagrams

http://epe.sourceforge.net/SourceForge/EPE.html

GenMAPP

Visualization of gene expression and other genomic data on maps representing biological pathways and groupings of genes

http://www.genmapp.org/

Ingenuity IPA

Data integration platform and manually annotated pathways

http://tinyurl.com/IngenuityPath

JDesigner

Graphical modeling environment for biochemical reaction networks

http://jdesigner.sourceforge.net/Site/JDesigner.html

KaPPA View

Plant pathways

http://kpv.kazusa.or.jp/

KEGG Atlas

Interactive Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways

http://www.genome.jp/kegg/

Omix 

Visualizing multi-omics data in metabolic networks

https://www.omix-visualization.com

PathVisio 

Biological pathway analysis software that allows drawing, editing and analysis of biological pathways

http://www.pathvisio.org/

VitaPad 

Application to visualize biological pathways and map experimental data to them

http://tinyurl.com/vitapad/

Web tools for pathways

ArrayXPath 

Mapping and visualizing microarray gene-expression data and integrated biological pathway resources using SVG

http://tinyurl.com/ArrayXPath/

GEPAT 

Integrated analysis of transcriptome data in genomic, proteomic and metabolic contexts

http://gepat.sourceforge.net/

iPath 

Web-based tool for the visualization, analysis and customization of pathway maps

http://pathways.embl.de/

Kegg-Based Viewer 

KEGG-based pathway visualization tool for complex high-throughput data

http://www.g-language.org/data/marray/

MapMan 

User-driven tool that displays large datasets onto diagrams of metabolic pathways or other processes

http://mapman.gabipd.org/web/guest/mapman

MetPA 

Analysis and visualization of metabolomic data within the biological context of metabolic pathways

http://metpa.metabolomics.ca

Omics Viewer 

Data mapping on BioCyc pathways (collection of 5500 pathway/genome databases)

http://www.biocyc.org/

Pathway Explorer

Interactive Java drawing tool for the construction of biological pathway diagrams in a visual way and the annotation of the components and interactions between them

http://genome.tugraz.at/pathwayexplorer/pathwayexplorer_description.shtml

Pathway projector 

Zoomable pathway browser using KEGG atlas and Google Maps API

http://www.g-language.org/PathwayProjector/

PATIKA 

Integrated environment composed of a central database and a visual editor, built around an extensive ontology and an integration framework

http://www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/~patikaweb/

Reactome SkyPainter 

Visualization of over-represented pathways and reactions from gene lists

http://www.reactome.org/skypainter-2

WikiPathways

Wiki-based, open, public platform dedicated to the curation of biological pathways by and for the scientific community

http://www.wikipathways.org/