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	<title><![CDATA[BOL: Related items]]></title>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/related/4882?offset=40</link>
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  <guid isPermaLink='true'>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/opportunity/view/43227/project-associate-i-project-associate-ii-senior-project-associate-igib</guid>
  <pubDate>Thu, 05 Aug 2021 16:11:32 -0500</pubDate>
  <link></link>
  <title><![CDATA[Project Associate-I | Project Associate-II | Senior Project Associate @ IGIB]]></title>
  <description><![CDATA[
<p>Experience in Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) application and interest in Genomics/ Clinical / Translational Applications. OR Good computational programming skills and deep interest in working on interface of Genomics and Clinical application. </p>

<p>Project Scientist-I <br />Experimental / Computation analysis experience in highthroughput genomics/ clinical application.</p>

<p>Project Manager <br />Experience in handling large biological projects involving high-throughput genomics/ clinical application.</p>

<p>Scientific Administrative Assistant <br />Lab Work. </p>

<p>More at https://vinodscaria.genomes.in/positionsopen</p>
]]></description>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/45216/the-best-free-crash-course-on-large-language-models-llms-ive-come-across</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 04 Aug 2026 04:57:00 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/45216/the-best-free-crash-course-on-large-language-models-llms-ive-come-across</link>
	<title><![CDATA[The Best Free Crash Course on Large Language Models (LLMs) I&#039;ve Come Across]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div dir="auto"><div><div><p><strong>Stanford CME 295: Transformers &amp; Large Language Models</strong> course by Afshine Amidi and Shervine Amidi. The official course website contains the syllabus, slides, and links to all lecture recordings.</p><h3>Official course</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://cme295.stanford.edu/?utm_source=chatgpt.com" target="_blank">Stanford CME 295 &ndash; Transformers &amp; Large Language Models</a></li>
</ul><h3>Official YouTube playlist</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoROMvodv4rOCXd21gf0CF4xr35yINeOy&amp;utm_source=chatgpt.com" target="_blank">Stanford Online &ndash; CME 295 Playlist</a></li>
</ul><h3>Course schedule</h3><ol>
<li><strong>Transformer</strong> &ndash; Tokenization, embeddings, attention, Transformer architecture</li>
<li><strong>Transformer-Based Models &amp; Tricks</strong> &ndash; RoPE, MQA/GQA, BERT variants</li>
<li><strong>Large Language Models</strong> &ndash; GPT, MoE, prompting, Chain-of-Thought</li>
<li><strong>LLM Training</strong> &ndash; Pretraining, SFT, LoRA, optimization</li>
<li><strong>LLM Tuning</strong> &ndash; RLHF, DPO, preference tuning</li>
<li><strong>LLM Reasoning</strong> &ndash; Reasoning models, GRPO, scaling</li>
<li><strong>Agentic LLMs</strong> &ndash; RAG, tool calling, ReAct, agents</li>
<li><strong>LLM Evaluation</strong> &ndash; LLM-as-a-Judge, benchmarks, biases</li>
<li><strong>Current Trends &amp; Recap</strong> &ndash; Vision Transformers, diffusion-based LLMs, future directions</li>
</ol><p>If you're looking for a <strong>research-level understanding</strong> of LLMs (beyond prompt engineering), this is one of the best freely available university courses currently available. It pairs particularly well with:</p><ul>
<li><a href="https://huggingface.co/learn/nlp-course?utm_source=chatgpt.com" target="_blank">Hugging Face NLP Course</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.deeplearning.ai/courses/how-transformer-llms-work?utm_source=chatgpt.com" target="_blank">DeepLearning.AI &ndash; How Transformer LLMs Work</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/crash-course/llm/transformers?utm_source=chatgpt.com" target="_blank">Google Machine Learning Crash Course &ndash; LLMs</a></li>
</ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Neel</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/26573/efficient-genome-searching-with-biostrings-and-the-bsgenome-data-package</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 07 Mar 2016 05:18:06 -0600</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/26573/efficient-genome-searching-with-biostrings-and-the-bsgenome-data-package</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Efficient genome searching with Biostrings and the BSgenome data package]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/3.3/bioc/vignettes/BSgenome/inst/doc/GenomeSearching.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/3.3/bioc/vignettes/BSgenome/inst/doc/GenomeSearching.pdf</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Aasha</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/view/88/regular-expression-cheat-sheet</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 09 Jul 2013 17:38:42 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/view/88/regular-expression-cheat-sheet</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Regular Expression Cheat Sheet]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p><span>The Regular Expression are the sole of Perl language, and for bioinformatician it is just a magical stick to resolve gingatic string data. We did not find any good and user friendly regular expression cheat sheet, hence write our own cheat sheet.&nbsp;</span><span>The Regular Expressions Cheat Sheet, a quick reference guide for regular expressions, including symbols, ranges, grouping, assertions and some sample patterns to get you started.</span></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jitendra Narayan</dc:creator>
	<enclosure url="https://bioinformaticsonline.com/file/download/88" length="14944" type="application/pdf" />
</item>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/783/perl-module-installation</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 12 Jul 2013 11:19:41 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/783/perl-module-installation</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Perl Module Installation]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Nice step wide information on perl module installation.</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="http://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/710/how-to-install-perl-modules-manually-using-cpan-command-and-other-quick-ways" rel="nofollow">http://bioinformaticsonline.com/blog/view/710/how-to-install-perl-modules-manually-using-cpan-command-and-other-quick-ways</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jitendra Narayan</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/fun/view/2053/perl-poem-parse-it-in-both-perl-and-english</guid>
	<pubDate>Mon, 12 Aug 2013 19:00:55 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/fun/view/2053/perl-poem-parse-it-in-both-perl-and-english</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Perl Poem: Parse it in both Perl and English!]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Larry's, er, corpus has fortunately been overshadowed by that of the reigning Perl Poet, Sharon Hopkins. She has written quite a few Perl poems, as well as a paper on Perl poetry that she presented at the Usenix Winter 1992 Technical Conference, entitled "Camels and Needles: Computer Poetry Meets the Perl Programming Language". (The paper is available as misc/<a href="http://poetry.ps/" target="_blank">poetry.ps</a>&nbsp;on CPAN.) Besides being the most prolific Perl poet, Sharon is also the most widely published, having had the following poem published in both the Economist and the Guardian:</p><p>#!/usr/bin/perl</p><p>APPEAL:</p><p>listen (please, please);</p><p>open yourself, wide;<br />join (you, me),<br />connect (us,together),</p><p>tell me.</p><p>do something if distressed;</p><p>@dawn, dance;<br />@evening, sing;<br />read (books,$poems,stories) until peaceful;<br />study if able;</p><p>write me if-you-please;</p><p>sort your feelings, reset goals, seek (friends, family, anyone);</p><p>do*not*die (like this)<br />if sin abounds;</p><p>keys (hidden), open (locks, doors), tell secrets;<br />do not, I-beg-you, close them, yet.</p><p>accept (yourself, changes),<br />bind (grief, despair);</p><p>require truth, goodness if-you-will, each moment;</p><p>select (always), length(of-days)</p><p># listen (a perl poem)<br /># Sharon Hopkins<br /># rev. June 19, 1995</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Agarwal</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/videolist/watch/4193/bioinformatics-101-running-blast</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 03 Sep 2013 14:59:50 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/videolist/watch/4193/bioinformatics-101-running-blast</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Bioinformatics 101 -  Running BLAST]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<iframe width="" height="" src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/CYnjROfGXv8" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>How to format the database for BLAST, run the command, view the output file, and use BioPerl and Perl to parse the output. By David Francis, Ohio State University. Delivered live at the Tomato Disease Workshop 2010. For more information, please visit http://www.extension.org/pages/32521/bioinformatics-101-video.]]></description>
	
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/11181/perl-one-liner-for-bioinformatician</guid>
	<pubDate>Fri, 30 May 2014 05:49:07 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/11181/perl-one-liner-for-bioinformatician</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Perl one-liner for bioinformatician !!!]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>With the emergence of NGS technologies, and sequencing data most of the bioinformaticians mung and wrangle around massive amounts of genomics text. There are several "standardized" file formats (FASTQ, SAM, VCF, etc.) and some tools for manipulating them (fastx toolkit, samtools, vcftools, etc.), there are still times where knowing a little bit of Perl onliner is extremely helpful.</p><p>Perl one-liners are small and awesome Perl programs that fit in a single line of code and they do one thing really well. These things include changing line spacing, numbering lines, doing calculations, converting and substituting text, deleting and printing certain lines, parsing logs, editing files in-place, doing statistics, carrying out system administration tasks, updating a bunch of files at once, and many more. Perl one-liners will make you the shell warrior. Anything that took you minutes to solve, will now take you seconds!<br /><br />perl -pe '$\="\n"'&nbsp; &nbsp;<br />#double space a file<br /><br />perl -pe '$_ .= "\n" unless /^$/' <br />#double space a file except blank lines<br /><br />perl -pe '$_.="\n"x7' <br />#7 space in a line.<br /><br />perl -ne 'print unless /^$/' <br />#remove all blank lines<br /><br />perl -lne 'print if length($_) &lt; 20' <br />#print all lines with length less than 20.<br /><br />perl -00 -pe '' <br />#If there are multiple spaces, delete all leaving one(make the file a single spaced file).<br /><br />perl -00 -pe '$_.="\n"x4' <br />#Expand single blank lines into 4 consecutive blank lines<br /><br />perl -pe '$_ = "$. $_"'<br />#Number all lines in a file<br /><br />perl -pe '$_ = ++$a." $_" if /./' <br />#Number only non-empty lines in a file<br /><br />perl -ne 'print ++$a." $_" if /./' <br />#Number and print only non-empty lines in a file<br /><br />perl -pe '$_ = ++$a." $_" if /regex/' <br />#Number only lines that match a pattern<br /><br />perl -ne 'print ++$a." $_" if /regex/' <br />#Number and print only lines that match a pattern<br /><br />perl -ne 'printf "%-5d %s", $., $_ if /regex/' <br />#Left align lines with 5 white spaces if matches a pattern (perl -ne 'printf "%-5d %s", $., $_' : for all the lines)<br /><br />perl -le 'print scalar(grep{/./}&lt;&gt;)' <br />#prints the total number of non-empty lines in a file<br /><br />perl -lne '$a++ if /regex/; END {print $a+0}' <br />#print the total number of lines that matches the pattern<br /><br />perl -alne 'print scalar @F' <br />#print the total number fields(words) in each line.<br /><br />perl -alne '$t += @F; END { print $t}' <br />#Find total number of words in the file<br /><br />perl -alne 'map { /regex/ &amp;&amp; $t++ } @F; END { print $t }' <br />#find total number of fields that match the pattern<br /><br />perl -lne '/regex/ &amp;&amp; $t++; END { print $t }' <br />#Find total number of lines that match a pattern<br /><br />perl -le '$n = 20; $m = 35; ($m,$n) = ($n,$m%$n) while $n; print $m' <br />#will calculate the GCD of two numbers.<br /><br />perl -le '$a = $n = 20; $b = $m = 35; ($m,$n) = ($n,$m%$n) while $n; print $a*$b/$m' <br />#will calculate lcd of 20 and 35.<br /><br />perl -le '$n=10; $min=5; $max=15; $, = " "; print map { int(rand($max-$min))+$min } 1..$n' <br />#Generates 10 random numbers between 5 and 15.<br /><br />perl -le 'print map { ("a".."z",&rdquo;0&rdquo;..&rdquo;9&rdquo;)[rand 36] } 1..8'<br />#Generates a 8 character password from a to z and number 0 &ndash; 9.<br /><br />perl -le 'print map { ("a",&rdquo;t&rdquo;,&rdquo;g&rdquo;,&rdquo;c&rdquo;)[rand 4] } 1..20'<br />#Generates a 20 nucleotide long random residue.<br /><br />perl -le 'print "a"x50'<br />#generate a string of &lsquo;x&rsquo; 50 character long<br /><br />perl -le 'print join ", ", map { ord } split //, "hello world"'<br />#Will print the ascii value of the string hello world.<br /><br />perl -le '@ascii = (99, 111, 100, 105, 110, 103); print pack("C*", @ascii)'<br />#converts ascii values into character strings.<br /><br />perl -le '@odd = grep {$_ % 2 == 1} 1..100; print "@odd"'<br />#Generates an array of odd numbers.<br /><br />perl -le '@even = grep {$_ % 2 == 0} 1..100; print "@even"'<br />#Generate an array of even numbers<br /><br />perl -lpe 'y/A-Za-z/N-ZA-Mn-za-m/' file <br />#Convert the entire file into 13 characters offset(ROT13)<br /><br />perl -nle 'print uc' <br />#Convert all text to uppercase:<br /><br />perl -nle 'print lc' <br />#Convert text to lowercase:<br /><br />perl -nle 'print ucfirst lc' <br />#Convert only first letter of first word to uppercas<br /><br />perl -ple 'y/A-Za-z/a-zA-Z/' <br />#Convert upper case to lower case and vice versa<br /><br />perl -ple 's/(\w+)/\u$1/g' <br />#Camel Casing<br /><br />perl -pe 's|\n|\r\n|' <br />#Convert unix new lines into DOS new lines:<br /><br />perl -pe 's|\r\n|\n|' <br />#Convert DOS newlines into unix new line<br /><br />perl -pe 's|\n|\r|' <br />#Convert unix newlines into MAC newlines:<br /><br />perl -pe '/regexp/ &amp;&amp; s/foo/bar/' <br />#Substitute a foo with a bar in a line with a regexp.</p><p>Reference/Sources:</p><p>http://genomics-array.blogspot.in/2010/11/some-unixperl-oneliners-for.html</p><p><a href="http://genomespot.blogspot.com/2013/08/a-selection-of-useful-bash-one-liners.html">http://genomespot.blogspot.com/2013/08/a-selection-of-useful-bash-one-liners.html</a></p><p><a href="http://biowize.wordpress.com/2012/06/15/command-line-magic-for-your-gene-annotations/">http://biowize.wordpress.com/2012/06/15/command-line-magic-for-your-gene-annotations/</a></p><p><a href="http://genomics-array.blogspot.com/2010/11/some-unixperl-oneliners-for.html">http://genomics-array.blogspot.com/2010/11/some-unixperl-oneliners-for.html</a></p><p><a href="http://bioexpressblog.wordpress.com/2013/04/05/split-multi-fasta-sequence-file/">http://bioexpressblog.wordpress.com/2013/04/05/split-multi-fasta-sequence-file/</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Abhimanyu Singh</dc:creator>
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	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/22571/pattern-matching-problem-solution-with-perl</guid>
	<pubDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2015 23:58:45 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/pages/view/22571/pattern-matching-problem-solution-with-perl</link>
	<title><![CDATA[Pattern Matching Problem Solution with Perl]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>Problem at http://rosalind.info/problems/1c/</p><p>#Find all occurrences of a pattern in a string.<br />#Given: Strings Pattern and Genome.<br />#Return: All starting positions in Genome where Pattern appears as a substring. Use 0-based indexing.<br /><br />use strict;<br />use warnings;<br /><br />my $string="GATATATGCATATACTT";<br />my $subStr="ATAT";<br />my $kmer=length($subStr);<br /><br />kmerMatch ($string, $subStr, $kmer);<br /><br />sub kmerMatch { #Check the exact matching kmers with sliding window<br />my ($string, $myStr, $kmer)=@_;<br />for (my $aa=0; $aa&lt;=(length($string)-$kmer); $aa++) {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; my $myWin=substr&nbsp; $string, $aa,$kmer;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; if ($myWin eq $myStr) {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; #print "$myWin eq $myStr\n";<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; print $aa;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br />}<br />}</p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Jit</dc:creator>
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<item>
	<guid isPermaLink="true">https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/22961/bioscripts</guid>
	<pubDate>Sun, 28 Jun 2015 07:46:14 -0500</pubDate>
	<link>https://bioinformaticsonline.com/bookmarks/view/22961/bioscripts</link>
	<title><![CDATA[BioScripts]]></title>
	<description><![CDATA[<p>You are requested to please bookmark collection of bioinformatics tools, scripts, codes that can be pieced together in a very easy and flexible manner to perform both simple and complex bioinformatics tasks.</p>
<p>The next-generation sequencing included whole genome sequencing(WGS), transcriptome sequencing (whole cDNA sequencing, RNA-seq), digital gene expression sequencing (Tag-Seq), ChIP-Seq, and so on. And there are many sequencing platform to generate sequece, as well know Sanger/ABi(the frist generation), Solexa/illumina, SOLiD/ABi, 454/Roche. But thier sequence format is different, also they have different error type. High quality data is very important for further analysis or data mining. There are many pipeline for raw sequence quality analysis and control with few of process for reporting reads quality statistical details, trimming, filtering, and error correction. Please bookmarks them for the benefits of bioinformatics community.</p>
<p>https://code.google.com/p/biowiki/</p>
<p>https://code.google.com/p/ngs-pipeline/source/browse/#svn%2Ftrunk</p>
<p>NGSand Perl scripts https://code.google.com/hosting/search?q=NGS+perl&amp;projectsearch=Search+projects</p>
<p>NGS and Python scripts https://code.google.com/hosting/search?q=NGS+Python&amp;projectsearch=Search+projects</p><p>Address of the bookmark: <a href="https://code.google.com/hosting/search?q=bioinformatics&amp;sa=Search" rel="nofollow">https://code.google.com/hosting/search?q=bioinformatics&amp;sa=Search</a></p>]]></description>
	<dc:creator>Rahul Nayak</dc:creator>
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