1. NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information):

   • NCBI provides various databases related to genetic information, including 16S rRNA sequences.
   • You can access the 16S ribosomal RNA sequences from NCBI's Nucleotide database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/).
   • Perform a search using keywords like "16S rRNA" or specific bacterial names to find relevant sequences.
   • You can download sequences individually or in batches using the provided tools.

2. GreenGenes:

   • GreenGenes is a widely used 16S rRNA gene sequence database.
   • You can access it at http://greengenes.secondgenome.com/.
   • GreenGenes provides precompiled databases for various purposes, including classification, alignment, and phylogenetic analysis.

3. SILVA:

   • SILVA (https://www.arb-silva.de/) is another comprehensive database for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences.
   • It covers not only 16S rRNA but also other ribosomal RNA sequences.
   • SILVA provides precompiled databases for various purposes, including taxonomic classification and alignment.

4. Ribosomal Database Project (RDP):

   • RDP (http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/) is a curated database that offers 16S rRNA sequences.
   • It provides tools for sequence analysis and classification.
   • You can download sequences and taxonomy information from their website.

5. QIIME (Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology):

   • QIIME (https://qiime2.org/) is a widely used bioinformatics platform for microbiome analysis.
   • It provides tools for analyzing microbial communities, including processing 16S rRNA sequences.
   • QIIME often includes its own preprocessed 16S rRNA databases that can be used for analysis within the platform.

Before downloading any database, make sure to read the terms of use and citation requirements, as some databases may have specific usage policies. Additionally, consider the compatibility of the database with your analysis pipeline and software tools.

NCBI 16s RNA database location ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/blast/db/16SMicrobial.tar.gz

ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genomes/

https://hgdownload.soe.ucsc.edu/downloads.html

Address of the bookmark: ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genomes/

Genome Workbench can display sequence data in many ways, including graphical sequence views, various alignment views, phylogenetic tree views, and tabular views of data. It can also align your private data to data in public databases, display your data in the context of public data, and retrieve BLAST results.

Genome Workbench is built on the NCBI C++ ToolKit and uses cross-platform APIs for graphics. It runs on your local machine, and is available for Windows 2000/XP, Linux, MacOS X, and various flavors of Unix.

NCBI Genome Workbench is an integrated application for viewing and analyzing sequence data. Genome Workbench was developed entirely in-house at NCBI and makes use of the NCBI C++ ToolKit. The C++ ToolKit provides a convenient and flexible cross-platform API for managing system internals, database connections, network sockets, and the NCBI data model. In addition, the C++ ToolKit provides the Object Manager, which abstracts handling of sequences and sequence-related objects.

 New Features in Genome Workbench 2.7.15

• Multiple Alignment View: implemented adaptive feature display when zooming in
• Active Objects Inspector replaces Selection Inspector. New View should offer an improved selection context examination. See Using Active Objects Inspector tutorial for more details.
• Binary packages for Linux OpenSUSE 13.1 are now available

Bug Fixes and Improvements in Genome Workbench 2.7.15

• Fixed major issue with OpenGL overlay/scrolling. Could cause crashes or view scrolling irregularities
• Multiple Pane View: fixed crash on loading BLAST results
• Graphical Sequence View: fixed crash on zooming in and out, related to SNP track
• Graphical Sequence View: fixed Go To Position dialog to give better diagnostics in case of a user error
• Graphical Sequence View: PDF export fixed rendering of Markers with commas in the name
• Text View / Flat File: fixed Mac OS rendering issues
• Text View / Flat File: performance optimization, extended capabilities of real-time rendering of molecules to tens of thousands
• File Import: optimization improvement to speed up load of files containing multiple project items
• File Import: remapping stage now shows accession.version and description of molecules, instead of plain GI numbers
• Mac OS: improved tooltips for toolbar buttons
• Phylogenetic Tree Builder Tool: improved diagnostics of errors
• Multiple Alignment View: optimizations to avoid main GUI freezes
• Open Dialog: removed duplicate elements in table of genomes (load Genome)
• PDF export: fixed issue with XREF table errors
• Tree View: fixed issues with showing Force Layout progress on Mac OS
• Tree View: PDF export fixed issues for showing labels of collapsed nodes
• Tree View: added an option to stop layout
• Tree View: broadcasting mechanism fixed not to accumulate selected nodes

Reference:

NCBI news

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/gbench/

More at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/tools/remap

API http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/tools/remap/docs/api

Address of the bookmark: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/tools/remap

MutaBind guides you through this process, step by step, starting with selecting a protein complex and inputting PDB code or uploading PDB files. You can also retrieve results with a job ID number, view help documents, and review the MutaBind method and references.

More at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/mutabind/index.fcgi/

Genome annotation is a multi-level process that includes prediction of protein-coding genes, as well as other functional genome units such as structural RNAs, tRNAs, small RNAs, pseudogenes, control regions, direct and inverted repeats, insertion sequences, transposons and other mobile elements.

NCBI has developed an automatic prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline that combines ab initio gene prediction algorithms with homology based methods. The first version of NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Automatic Annotation Pipeline (PGAAP; see Pubmed Article) developed in 2005 has been replaced with an upgraded version that is capable of processing a larger data volume. You can find a more detailed description of the new version of the pipeline in NCBI Handbook chapter. NCBI's annotation pipeline depends on several internal databases and is not currently available for download or use outside of the NCBI environment.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/annotation_prok/

Address of the bookmark: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/annotation_prok/

The changes in nr preserve the taxonomic diversity of the entries in the database while reducing the number of titles for identical sequences. GenPept accessions are still accessible via www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/$GENBANK_ACCESSION or the IPG website https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ipg/.

The "Identical Proteins" link in the alignments section of the webBLAST results takes you to a full list of all accessions associated with a sequence.

For BLAST+ users downloading nr_v5: the database is now approximately 50% smaller, resulting in faster downloads and BLAST searches, and smaller disk space requirements. The database is downloadable at:  ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/db/v5/

For BLAST+ there is a cleanup script to help you manage the transition to this smaller database. The script removes unused database volumes: ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/temp/cleanup-blastdb-volumes.py

Here are the new rules on how we keep titles in nr_v5:

1.    We keep all refseq, swissprot, pir and PDB titles.

2.    We keep any GenPept titles with a TAXID that has not already been seen in the record.

3.    We keep at least five GenPept titles regardless of whether the TAXIDS have been seen before or not in this record.

This is the demo application of the Carrot² clustering engine. It uses Carrot²'s algorithms to organize search results into thematic folders.

User interfaces

• Web Search Clustering organizes search results from public search engines into clusters; offers treemap- and pie-chart visualizations of the clusters.
• Clustering Workbench clusters content from local files in JSON or Excel format, Solr or Elasticsearch; allows tuning of clustering parameters and exporting results as Excel or JSON.

Search engines

• Web: web search results provided by etools.ch. Extensive use may require special arrangements with the owner of the etools.ch service.
• PubMed: abstracts of medical papers from the PubMed database provided by NCBI.
• Local file: content read from a local file in Carrot2 XML, JSON, CSV or Excel format.
• Solr: queries an Apache Solr instance.
• Elasticsearch: queries an Elasticsearch instance.

Clustering algorithms

• Lingo: creates well-described flat clusters. Does not scale beyond a few thousand search results. Available as part of the open source Carrot² framework.
• STC: the classic search results clustering algorithm. Produces flat cluster with adequate description, very fast. Available as part of the open source Carrot² framework
• k-means: base line clustering algorithm, produces bag-of-words style cluster descriptions. Available as part of the open source Carrot² framework

Address of the bookmark: https://search.carrot2.org/#/search/web