WALK-IN-INTERVIEW

A walk-in-Interview is proposed to be held at National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal (Haryana)-132001 at 11:30 AM on 18.12.2013 to select One RA and One SRF as per details given below:

1. One post of Research Associate under DBT sponsored Support under BIPP for the “SanGenix: A comprehensive Next Generation Sequence (NGS) data analysis solution” as Grants in AID. Thepost duration is Upto 31st March 2015 or earlier.

2. One post of Senior Research Fellow under NAIP (Component-4) Bioprospecting of genes and allele mining for abiotic stress tolerance. The post duration is Upto 31st March 2014 or earlier

Essential Qualifications: Ph.D. in Bioinformatics/ Computer Application or
First Class Masters degree in Bioinformatics/ Computer Application with two years experience as evidenced by Publications.

Desirable: Experience in the field of handling Next generation Sequencing Data.

Emolument: Rs. 22,000/- per month + HRA as per admissibility

Age Limit:

40 years for Men
45 years for women as on date of interview

Research Associate: ONE

Duration of engagement: Upto

31st March 2015 or earlier & Coterminus with the project

Responsibilities: To help the PI for Beta testing and development of the SanGenix Tool for NGS data.

Essential Qualifications: First Class Masters’ degree in Bioinformatics/Biotechnology.

Desirable: Experience in the field of Biotechnology/ Bioinformatics

Emoluments:

Rs. 16,000/- per month + HRA as per admissibility.
Senior Research Fellow: ONE
Duration of engagement: Upto 31st March 2014 or earlier & Coterminus with the project

Age Limit

35 years for men
40 years for women as on date of interview

Note: Relaxation in age will be admissible for SC/ST & OBC candidates as per Govt. of India /ICAR norms

1. The applicants must bring with them original documents and brief of research work done during post graduation along with a set of photocopy and latest two passport size photographs.
2. A panel of selected candidates will also be made which may be utilized for filling of positions of shorter durations in future if demand arises.
3. Experience certificate in original, if any 4. The above positions are purely on temporary basis and are co-terminus with the project. No TA/DA will be paid to attend the interview.
5. Any other clarifications can be had on the date of interview.
6. The Director’s decision will be final and binding on all respects.

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Now my main interests are in gene regulation, where we work on promoter analysis; non-coding RNA, where miRNAs and structure prediction are the main areas; and protein structure, where the group is working on methods for structure prediction from sequence. To read more about these topics, please see the research pages.

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What is Bacterial Comparative Genomics?

Comparative genomics involves the systematic comparison of genomes across different bacterial species or strains. This approach allows scientists to:

• Identify conserved and unique genes.

• Explore genetic determinants of pathogenicity.

• Understand bacterial evolution and phylogenetics.

• Investigate horizontal gene transfer and its role in antibiotic resistance.

Bioinformatics is central to these analyses, enabling the processing and interpretation of large-scale genomic data.

Key Steps in Bacterial Comparative Genomics

1. Genome Sequencing and Assembly: The process begins with obtaining high-quality bacterial genome sequences. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have made it faster and more affordable to sequence bacterial genomes. Tools such as SPAdes and Velvet are commonly used for genome assembly.

2. Genome Annotation: Annotating a genome involves identifying genes, regulatory elements, and other genomic features. Automated tools like Prokka and RAST provide functional annotations, allowing researchers to predict the roles of genes and proteins.

3. Genome Alignment: Aligning genomes is crucial for identifying conserved regions, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and structural variations. Tools like Mauve and progressiveMauve are commonly employed for whole-genome alignments.

4. Comparative Analyses:

   • Core and Pan-genome Analysis: The core genome consists of genes shared across all strains of a species, while the pan-genome includes all genes found in any strain. Software like Roary and BPGA can perform core and pan-genome analyses.

   • Phylogenetic Analysis: Comparative genomics often involves reconstructing evolutionary relationships. Tools such as MEGA and IQ-TREE facilitate phylogenetic tree construction based on genomic data.

   • Functional Enrichment Analysis: To understand the biological significance of unique or shared genes, functional enrichment analysis using databases like GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG is essential.

Here are some additional bioinformatics tools that can aid bacterial comparative genomics:

• OrthoFinder: For accurate ortholog identification across multiple genomes.

• PanOCT: Specifically designed for pan-genome clustering and annotation.

• FASTANI: A tool for calculating Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) for microbial genome comparisons.

• CIRCOS: For visually comparing genomic data through circular genome plots.

• Galaxy Platform: A user-friendly web-based platform offering numerous genomic analysis tools.

• BLAST: Essential for sequence alignment and similarity searches.

• PhyloSift: Focused on phylogenetic analysis of microbial genomes using marker genes.

These tools, in combination with the methods discussed, provide a robust framework for conducting comprehensive comparative genomic studies.

Applications of Bacterial Comparative Genomics

1. Understanding Pathogenicity: Comparative genomics helps identify virulence factors that distinguish pathogenic strains from non-pathogenic relatives. For instance, comparing genomes of Escherichia coli strains has revealed key genetic determinants of pathogenicity in enterohemorrhagic strains.

2. Antibiotic Resistance Research: The spread of antibiotic resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer is a major global concern. Comparative analyses can trace the origins and dissemination of resistance genes, aiding in the development of countermeasures.

3. Microbial Ecology and Evolution: By studying genomic variations, researchers can understand how bacteria adapt to different environments. This is particularly relevant for extremophiles and symbiotic bacteria.

4. Vaccine Development: Identifying conserved antigens across pathogenic strains is critical for vaccine design. Comparative genomics has been instrumental in developing vaccines against pathogens like Neisseria meningitidis.

5. Biotechnology Applications: Comparative studies can uncover unique metabolic pathways in bacteria, paving the way for applications in bioremediation, synthetic biology, and industrial microbiology.

Challenges in Bacterial Comparative Genomics

While the field has made significant strides, several challenges remain:

• Data Overload: The rapid growth of sequencing data requires robust computational infrastructure and efficient algorithms.

• Genome Plasticity: High rates of horizontal gene transfer and genome rearrangements in bacteria complicate comparative analyses.

• Annotation Accuracy: Automated annotation tools are not infallible, and manual curation is often needed for high-confidence results.

• Interpreting Non-Coding Regions: Understanding the functional significance of non-coding genomic regions remains a challenge.

Future Directions

The integration of bacterial comparative genomics with other ‘omics’ approaches—such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics—promises a more comprehensive understanding of bacterial biology. Additionally, advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence are likely to further enhance bioinformatics analyses, enabling the prediction of complex phenotypes from genomic data.

Conclusion

Bacterial comparative genomics, driven by bioinformatics, continues to unravel the complexities of bacterial life. From combating antibiotic resistance to uncovering the secrets of microbial evolution, this interdisciplinary field holds immense potential for addressing pressing challenges in microbiology and beyond. As technology advances, so too will our ability to harness the power of comparative genomics for scientific and societal benefit.

(A) Regulatory System Analysis with respect to microRNAs

(B) Computational Epigenomics & Regulomics:

(C) Computational issues with Next Generation Sequencing:

Department of Biotechnology,
Institute of Himalyan Bioresources Technology
CSIR, Palampur(Himachal Pradesh), India.
Email: ravishihbt.res.in; ravish9gmail.com

More @ http://scbb.ihbt.res.in/SCBB_dept/Lab_Member.php

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