Darwin-WGA, is the first hardware accelerator for whole genome alignment and accelerates the gapped filtering stage. Darwin-WGA also employs GACT-X, a novel algorithm used in the extension stage to align arbitrarily long genome sequences using a small on-chip memory, that provides better quality alignments at 2× improvement in memory and speed over the previously published GACT algorithm. Implemented on an FPGA, Darwin-WGA provides up to 24× improvement (performance/$) in WGA over iso-sensitive software.